DESIGN OF MAT FOUNDATION

Check for isolated footing

design load from etabs= 1.5(DL+LL)

maximum base reaction at column position c21 = 3996.996 KN
Unfactored load= 2664.664 i.e P/1.5
Increasing 10% extra load for self - weight of footing including imposed soil
total load = 2931.1304 KN
bearing capacity of a soil = 180 KN/m^2
As per IS 1893 : 6.3.5.2 allowable bearing capacity of soil , soil bearing capacity = 225
KN/m^2
size of square footing on the basis of limit state serviceability
A = unfactored load /SBCS = 11.84295111 m^2
Total column number= 48
Total footing area required= 568.4616533 m^2
Plinth area= 682.1928 m^2
Ratio of footing area to plinth area= 0.833285918 >0.5, so mat foundation is required
now, let us design mat foundation
Concrete grade = M25
Steel Grade = Fe500
Geometrical CG:
X= 23.317 m
Y= 7.315 m from left edge of the plinth

CG of load:
X'= Σ(Pi*Xi)/Σ(Pi)
Y'= Σ(Pi*Yi)/Σ(Pi)
Eccentricity,
ex=X-X'
ey= Y-Y'

SN column Pi (KN) xi (m) , about yi(m) , Pi*xi(KNm) Pi*yi(KNm)

position A-A about 4-
4

1 c1 1897.0296 0 0 0.000 0.000

2 c2 2476.2144 0 6.02 0.000 14906.811
3 c3 2216.102 0 8.992 0.000 19927.189
4 c4 1542.6176 0 14.174 0.000 21865.062
5 c5 3177.159 5.944 0 18885.033 0.000
6 c6 3671.6993 5.944 6.02 21824.581 22103.630
7 c7 3271.4887 5.944 8.992 19445.729 29417.226
8 c8 2516.4948 5.944 14.174 14958.045 35668.797
9 c9 2524.3924 11.888 0 30009.977 0.000
10 c10 3195.0886 11.888 6.02 37983.213 19234.433
11 c11 2701.3233 11.888 8.992 32113.331 24290.299
12 c12 1944.5747 11.888 14.174 23117.104 27562.402
13 c13 2311.89 15.698 0 36292.049 0.000
14 c14 387.404 15.698 6.02 6081.468 2332.172
15 c15 2257.92 15.698 8.992 35444.828 20303.217
16 c16 1340.357 15.698 14.174 21040.924 18998.220
17 c17 2398.15 19.508 0 46783.110 0.000
18 c18 3996.996 19.508 6.02 77973.398 24061.916
19 c19 2390.2634 19.508 8.992 46629.258 21493.248
20 c20 1944.9687 19.508 14.174 37942.449 27567.986
21 c21 35.5965 23.318 0 830.039 0.000
22 c22 3850.972 23.318 6.02 89796.965 23182.851
23 c23 2373.6052 23.318 8.992 55347.726 21343.458
24 c24 1959.53 23.318 14.174 45692.321 27774.378
25 c25 2321.94 27.128 0 62989.588 0.000
26 c26 331.0014 27.128 6.02 8979.406 1992.628
27 c27 2314.5442 27.128 8.992 62788.955 20812.381
28 c28 2004.17001 27.128 14.174 54369.124 28407.106
29 c29 2136.981 30.938 0 66113.918 0.000
30 c30 2635.8544 30.938 6.02 81548.063 15867.843
31 c31 2283.2374 30.938 8.992 70638.799 20530.871
32 c32 1749.5747 30.938 14.174 54128.342 24798.472
33 c33 2134.5359 34.748 0 74170.853 0.000
34 c34 2642.8877 34.748 6.02 91835.062 15910.184
35 c35 2309.992 34.748 8.992 80267.602 20771.448
36 c36 1754.04 34.748 14.174 60949.382 24861.763
37 c37 2147.708 38.558 0 82811.325 0.000
38 c38 2658.02 38.558 6.02 102487.935 16001.280
39 c39 2321.635 38.558 8.992 89517.602 20876.142
40 c40 1762.84 38.558 14.174 67971.585 24986.494
41 c41 2201.4425 42.368 0 93270.716 0.000
42 c42 2668.4895 42.368 6.02 113058.563 16064.307
43 c43 2355.303 42.368 8.992 99789.478 21178.885
44 c44 1808.3825 42.368 14.174 76617.550 25632.014
45 c45 632.9446 46.178 0 29228.116 0.000
46 c46 2122.0157 46.178 6.02 97990.441 12774.535
47 c47 1914.552 46.178 8.992 88410.182 17215.652
48 c48 466.7717 46.178 14.174 21554.584 6616.022
TOTAL 104060.7004 2429678.721 737331.323

So,
X'= 23.349
Y'= 7.086
and,
ex=0.032
ey= 0.229
Lx(b)= 46.178
Ly(d)= 14.174
A= 654.527 m2
Mxx= ΣP*ey 23872.70065 KNm
Myy= ΣP*ex 3295.369159 KNm
Calculation of moment of inertia
Ixx = bd^3/12= 10957.99653
Iyy = db^3/12= 116309.862
Mxx/Ixx = 2.178564355
Myy/Iyy = 0.028332672
Soil pressure at different points can be calculated as below:
 Stress = ΣP/A +-Mxx*X/Ixx+-Myy*Y/Iyy

Colum X(m) Y(m) ΣP/A Mxx*X/Ixx Myy*Y/Iyy Factored Factored remarks

n stress(KN/m^2) (SBC)

C1 -23.08 -7.086 158.986115 -50.26824 -0.201 108.517 225 SAFE

C2 -23.08 -1.067 158.986115 -50.26824 -0.030 108.688 225 SAFE
C3 -23.08 1.904 158.986115 -50.26824 0.054 108.772 225 SAFE
C4 -23.08 7.086 158.986115 -50.26824 0.201 108.918 225 SAFE
C5 - -7.086 158.986115 -37.339632 -0.201 121.446 225 SAFE
17.14
4
C6 - -1.067 158.986115 -37.339632 -0.030 121.616 225 SAFE
17.14
4
C7 - 1.904 158.986115 -37.339632 0.054 121.700 225 SAFE
17.14
4
C8 - 7.086 158.986115 -37.339632 0.201 121.847 225 SAFE
17.14
4
C9 - -7.086 158.986115 -24.395778 -0.201 134.390 225 SAFE
11.20
1
C10 - -1.067 158.986115 -24.395778 -0.030 134.560 225 SAFE
11.20
1
C11 - 1.904 158.986115 -24.395778 0.054 134.644 225 SAFE
11.20
1
C12 - 7.086 158.986115 -24.395778 0.201 134.791 225 SAFE
11.20
1
C13 -7.391 -7.086 158.986115 -16.097598 -0.201 142.688 225 SAFE
C14 -7.391 -1.067 158.986115 -16.097598 -0.030 142.858 225 SAFE
C15 -7.391 1.904 158.986115 -16.097598 0.054 142.942 225 SAFE
C16 -7.391 7.086 158.986115 -16.097598 0.201 143.089 225 SAFE
C17 -3.581 -7.086 158.986115 -7.799418 -0.201 150.986 225 SAFE
C18 -3.581 -1.067 158.986115 -7.799418 -0.030 151.157 225 SAFE
C19 -3.581 1.904 158.986115 -7.799418 0.054 151.241 225 SAFE
C20 -3.581 7.086 158.986115 -7.799418 0.201 151.387 225 SAFE
C21 0.228 -7.086 158.986115 0.496584 -0.201 159.282 225 SAFE
C22 0.228 -1.067 158.986115 0.496584 -0.030 159.453 225 SAFE
C23 0.228 1.904 158.986115 0.496584 0.054 159.537 225 SAFE
C24 0.228 7.086 158.986115 0.496584 0.201 159.683 225 SAFE
C25 4.03 -7.086 158.986115 8.77734 -0.201 167.563 225 SAFE
C26 4.03 -1.067 158.986115 8.77734 -0.030 167.733 225 SAFE
C27 4.03 1.904 158.986115 8.77734 0.054 167.817 225 SAFE
C28 4.03 7.086 158.986115 8.77734 0.201 167.964 225 SAFE
C29 7.84 -7.086 158.986115 17.07552 -0.201 175.861 225 SAFE
C30 7.84 -1.067 158.986115 17.07552 -0.030 176.031 225 SAFE
 C31 7.84 1.904 158.986115 17.07552 0.054 176.116 225 SAFE
C32 7.84 7.086 158.986115 17.07552 0.201 176.262 225 SAFE
C33 11.65 -7.086 158.986115 25.391124 -0.201 184.177 225 SAFE
8
C34 11.65 -1.067 158.986115 25.391124 -0.030 184.347 225 SAFE
8
C35 11.65 1.904 158.986115 25.391124 0.054 184.431 225 SAFE
8
C36 11.65 7.086 158.986115 25.391124 0.201 184.578 225 SAFE
8
C37 15.46 -7.086 158.986115 33.689304 -0.201 192.475 225 SAFE
8
C38 15.46 -1.067 158.986115 33.689304 -0.030 192.645 225 SAFE
8
C39 15.46 1.904 158.986115 33.689304 0.054 192.729 225 SAFE
8
C40 15.46 7.086 158.986115 33.689304 0.201 192.876 225 SAFE
8
C41 19.27 -7.086 158.986115 41.987484 -0.201 200.773 225 SAFE
8
C42 19.27 -1.067 158.986115 41.987484 -0.030 200.943 225 SAFE
8
C43 19.27 1.904 158.986115 41.987484 0.054 201.027 225 SAFE
8
C44 19.27 7.086 158.986115 41.987484 0.201 201.174 225 SAFE
8
C45 23.08 -7.086 158.986115 50.285664 -0.201 209.071 225 SAFE
8
C46 23.08 -1.067 158.986115 50.285664 -0.030 209.242 225 SAFE
8
C47 23.08 1.904 158.986115 50.285664 0.054 209.326 225 SAFE
8
C48 23.08 7.086 158.986115 50.285664 0.201 209.472 225 SAFE
8

In the X direction , the raft is divided in 11 strips,

i.e 12 eqvt beams

Name Length Soil Pressure (w)

in (m) (KN/m2)
1.Beam A-A 6.02 108.724
2.Beam B-B 6.02 121.652
3.Beam C-C 6.02 134.596
4.Beam D-D 6.02 142.894
5. Beam E-E 6.02 151.193
6. Beam F-F 6.02 159.489
7. Beam G-G 6.02 167.769
8. Beam H-H 6.02 176.068
 9. Beam I-I 6.02 184.383
10. Beam J-J 6.02 192.681
11. Beam K-K 6.02 200.98
12. Beam L-L 6.02 209.278

Bending moment is obtained by coefficient 1/10 and L as distance between column centre

MAX B M Value Unit

1.Beam A-A 394.0193883 kNm
2.Beam B-B 440.8731808 kNm
3.Beam C-C 487.7822255 kNm
4.Beam D-D 517.8551617 kNm
5. Beam E-E 547.928098 kNm
6. Beam F-F 577.9945156 kNm
7. Beam G-G 608.0015668 kNm
8. Beam H-H 638.0774747 kNm
9. Beam I-I 668.2113673 kNm
10. Beam J-J 698.2836512 kNm
11. Beam K-K 728.3595592 kNm
12. Beam L-L 758.4318431 kNm

In the Y direction , the raft is divided in 3 strips,

i.e 4 eqvt beams
Name Length soil pressure
in( m) w (kN/m^2)
1.Beam 1-1 5.486 165.293
2.Beam 2-2 5.486 165.401
3.Beam 3-3 5.486 164.201
4.Beam 4-4 5.486 165.205

Bending moment is obtained by coefficient 1/10 and L as distance between column centre
MAX B M Value Unit
1.Beam 1-1 497.4690525 kNm
2.Beam 2-2 497.7940915 kNm
3.Beam 3-3 494.1825479 kNm
4.Beam 4-4 497.204206 kNm
So we get maximum factored BM for strip L-L
i.e Max BM = 758.431 kNm
from Bending Moment criteria
Limiting moment of resistance for M25 grade concrete = 0.138fck bd²
Therefore,
depth required = 605.3030542 mm
Adopt d= 800 mm

Two way shear check

For corner column C-1
Let,
distance of column face from preperty line be 150 mm
(since ks =1 for square column)
shear strength of concrete τc'=τc = 0.25√fck = 1.25N/mm²
Factored load on the column, Pu = 1897029.6 N
perimeter (Po) = (d/2+750)mm + (d/2+750)mm = d+1500

from IS 456: 2000, clause31.6.2.1

τv = Pu/Pod = 1897029.6/Po*d
or, 1.25 = 1897029.6/ (d+1500)*d
on solving, we get
d = 692.26 mm
For side columnc-21,
(since ks =1 for square column)
shear strength of concrete τc'=τc = 0.25√fck = 1.25N/mm²
Factored load on the column, (Pu) = 3177159N
perimeter (Po) = 2*(650+0.5d) + 600+d
= 1800+2d
τv = Pu/Pod
 = Pu/(1800+2d)d
Or, 1.25 = 3177159/(1800+2d)d
On solving, we get
d = 577.7757674 mm

For centre column C-8 ,

(since ks =1 for square column)
shear strength of concrete τc'=τc = 0.25√fck = 1.25 N/mm²
Factored load on the column, (Pu) = 3996996 N
perimeter (Po) = 2*(600+d) + 2*(600+d)
= 2400+ 4d
τv = Pu/Pod
= Pu/(1432+d)d
Or, 1.25 = 3996996/(1432+d)d
On solving , we get
d = 743.67 mm

Depth Provided is sufficient against bending and two way shear consideration.

Calculation of reinforcement
maximum moment = 758.431 KNm
Minimum Ast = 0.15%of area
= 0.15/100*5684616.533
= 8526.92 mm2
From IS 456:2000

BM = 0.87*fy*Ast *(d-Ast*fy/fck*B)
 Area of Steel req. = 2271.53 mm2
providing 16mm dia bar,
Area of 1 bar = 201.056 mm2
Spacing = 123.9157748 mm

CHECK
spacing should be <= 3d and <=300 , 3d= 3*800 = 2400 mm

hence, provide a spacing of 125 mm C/C .

Ast provided = 2271.53 mm2

summary
Dimension of footing = 4 m* 4 m
effective depth of footing = 800 mm
overall depth of footing = 800+65 = 865 mm
Reinforcement Along Depth and Breadth = 16 mm dia bar @ 125 mm C/C