Chapter 2

RRL

This chapter presents the related literature and results of studies conducted that became the basis

for the development of this study.

2.1. Designing mobile applications for emergency response: citizens acting as human sensors

Romano et al. conducted a study on designing mobile applications for emergency response:

citizens acting as human sensors. In this paper, they presented a practical application for

identifying both limitations and standard features. They developed a design for effective and

efficient mobile emergency notification applications. For this purpose, they have exploited the

primary sensors of modern mobile devices and the users' aptitude for using them. The evaluation

consisted of a practical and a theoretical part. The former part simulated traffic accidents as

possible to a real scenario, with a victim lying on the ground near a car in the middle of a street.

For the theoretical part, they asked some emergency experts to collect their opinions about the

utility of the proposed solution. Results from this evaluation phase confirmed the positive impact

of EN application on both operators' and citizens' perspectives. Moreover, they collected several

findings useful for future design challenges in the same area.

2.2. Emergency management system using android application Similar research was done by

Jadhav et al., emergency management system using android application. This study aims to

provide emergency service at the accidental spot faced or witnessed by the user, using a single

click of a button. Emergency service is provided to patients who have met with an accident in an

unknown location through the GPS inbuilt, Inculcating cloud computing to manage and maintain

the patient's medical records in the EMS server. This system also proposes exciting

functionalities such as blood bank services, acknowledging relatives through message text, and

doctor-provided prescriptions if the user faces uneasiness in health.

et al. introduced their research Sagip Pinoy: a web and mobile-based Philippine emergency quick

response portal. This study designed and developed an application that can locate the nearest

emergency units. It can send location details to the emergency units and broadcast alarm to at

least five nearest emergency teams. For the emergency units, they can locate the accident area;

they can also send notifications to the victims that they have responded. The software used to

develop were Notepad++, Bootstrap, Adobe Photoshop, PHP, HTML, and WampServer in web

side, while Java Eclipse, Android API, SQLite. Integration testing, test plan, load testing and

stress testing were used to test the reliability and acceptance of the study.

2.4. Mobile emergency response application using geolocation for command centers De Guzman

et al. conducted a study on mobile emergency response application using geolocation for

command centers. They introduced Mobile Emergency Response Application using Geolocation

for Command Centers. It is a combination of a mobile and web application for responding to

emergency requests for ambulance, fire truck and police by people in a certain area or city. The

mobile application would detect user’s current location through geolocation and send to the web

application deployed in a command center the name, age, mobile number, and location of the

user for easily dispatching of emergency units.

2.5. Video calls from bystanders to dispatch centers- risk assessment of information security

Bolle et al. conducted a study on video calls from lay bystanders to dispatch centres-risk

assessment of information security. Video calls from mobile phones can improve communication

during medical emergencies. Lay bystanders can be instructed and supervised by health

professionals at Emergency Medical Communication Centers.

RRS

Synthesis
Chapter 3

This chapter describes the methods applied in researching this thesis. The case study

approach has been chosen to investigate perceptions concerning and operations of the mobile

emergency application. The research design is described, followed by the research instrument,

locale of the study and respondents of the study. Methods of data collection analysis of the

research are discussed.

Research Design

The study employed qualitative data collection techniques. According to Winberg (1997) case

studies are primarily conducted using qualitative techniques, but do not exclude quantitative

research methods. Qualitative research methods and non-numerical focus on discovering and

understanding the experiences, perspectives, and thoughts of participants. It is subjective in

nature. It is useful when you want to determine skills, opinions and knowledge capability of

people.

Research Instrument

A structured questionnaire was developed as a research tool. All questionnaires were designed

according to the technology acceptance model, and a Likert scale was used to measure the degree

of agreement or disagreement.

Locale of the Study

The study was conducted at Claveria a coastal municipality in the province of Cagayan.

The municipality has a land area of 194.80 square kilometers or 75.21 square miles which

constitutes 2.07% of Cagayan's total area. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was

31,900. This represented 2.51% of the total population of Cagayan province, or 0.87% of the
overall population of the Cagayan Valley region. Based on these figures, the population density

is computed at 164 inhabitants per square kilometer or 424 inhabitants per square mile.

Respondent of the Study

Respondents will be choose for an interview which composes of users and rescuers, with

eight Barangay Tanod, eight Barangay Captains, eight BFP, seven PNP, and three MDRRMO

personnel using the purposive sampling technique.

Data Collection Procedure

Questionnaire is the research instrument consisting of a series of question and other

prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents (Mellenbergh, 2008). This

method of data collection is widely used, particularly in case of big number and it was applied in

the field of the research study and closed ended questions was used to get the information from

the respondents. The questionnaires were distributed to the respondent selected with a request to

answer the questions and return the questionnaire. A questionnaire consists of a number of

questions printed in a definite order or set of forms. This method was selected because it was

cost-effective and saved time by collecting data from a large sample once (i.e. a short period of

time that is required to fill the questionnaire, and it is free from bias).

The study used questionnaire to collect primary data. This method is mostly used to

ensure checks and balances as they complement one another. The use of questionnaires was

meant to ensure validity and reliability of the collected data.

Data Analysis

After the data gathering, tabulation of data and analysis using descriptive statistical tools

was done through tally of information by the different practices that were gathered during the

interview. Descriptive statistical analysis allows for the ease of data visualization. It allows for
data to be presented in a meaningful and understandable way, which, in turn, allows for a

simplified interpretation of the data set in question. Raw data would be difficult to analyze, and

trend and pattern determination may be challenging to perform.