Nature of Chapter:

1. It will be very easy in beginning, but afterwards it becomes little

confusing. Just don’t under estimate PD

2. Basics of trigonometry will be required.

3. Just keep in mind, value of inverse trigonometric functions is an angle.

4. Formulae will not trouble you like they do in trigonometry, but practice
will be required to avoid mistakes.
 Weightage of ITF (Last 5 years)
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Average

JEE Main 2.5 % 2.0 % 1.7 % 0.5 % 1.8 % 1.7 %

Jee Advanced 6% 3% 3% 0% 0% 2.4 %

 Inverse Trigonometric functions

● Defining Inverse Trigonometric Function

● Composition of Trigonometric and its Inverse function
● Some important Results
● Sum and difference of ITF
● Summation of Series
● Simplification of Inverse Trigonometric Expression
 Inverse Trigonometric functions
Critical Topics in the Chapter
● Principal Domain
● Composition of Trigonometric and its Inverse function
● Sum and difference of Inverse Trigonometric functions
● Simplification of Inverse Trigonometric Expression
Defining Inverse Trigonometric
functions
 Defining Inverse
Trigonometric functions

1. For , the function y = sin x is bijective and

hence have its inverse function.

 Defining Inverse
Trigonometric functions

1. For , the function y = sin x is bijective and

hence have its inverse function.

The new domain of sin x i.e. is called principal domain of sin x.

1

-1
Q If sin-1 x + sin-1 y = 𝜋 and x = ky then 22k - 2k + 1 = ?

A 1

B 0

C 2

D None
Q If sin-1 x + sin-1 y = 𝜋 and x = ky then 22k - 2k + 1 = ?

A 1

B 0

C 2

D None
Q If sin-1 x + sin-1 y = 𝜋 and x = ky then 22k - 2k + 1 = ?

Solution:

If sin-1x + sin-1y = 𝜋
As maximum value of sin-1 x and sin-1 y is .
Thus, it is only possible when
x=y=1
∵ x = ky
⇒ 1 = k(1)
⇒k=1
Thus, 22k - 2k+1 = 22 - 21+1 = 22 - 22 = 0
Q Find domain of :
Q Find domain of :

Solution:
Given

So for domain
Q Find range of :

Remark

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

Q Find range of :

Solution

For

gives
 JEE Main 13th Apr, 2023

Q
The range of f(x) = is

D
 JEE Main 13th Apr, 2023

Q
The range of f(x) = is

D
 JEE Main 13th Apr, 2023

Q
The range of f(x) = is

Solution:

Range :
 Defining Inverse
Trigonometric functions

2. For cos x : [0, 𝜋] → [−1, 1], the function y = cos x is bijective and
hence we have its inverse function:
 Defining Inverse
Trigonometric functions

2. For cos x : [0, 𝜋] → [−1, 1], the function y = cos x is bijective and
hence we have its inverse function:

cos−1 x : [-1, 1] → [0, 𝜋]

Principal domain of cos x is [0, 𝜋]

Q
Find domain :
Q
Find domain :

Solution

Given,

As we know, gives range as [0, 1) for all values of ‘x’.

Thus, domain is R.
Q Find range :

Remark

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

Q Find range :

Solution
Given,

For

As we know is π

And is

Thus, range is
 Q Find the range of f(x) = 2 cos−1(−x2) − π

Solution:
 Defining Inverse
Trigonometric functions

3. For we have

-
 O

-
 JEE Main 27th June, 2022

Q is equal to:

D
 JEE Main 27th June, 2022

Q is equal to:

D
 JEE Main 27th June, 2022

Q is equal to:

Solution:
 Q Find the range of

Solution:

Remark

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

 JEE Main 27th Aug, 2021

Q Let M and m respectively be the maximum and minimum

values of the function f(x) = tan-1(sin x + cos x) in Then
the value of tan(M - m) is equal to:

D
 JEE Main 27th Aug, 2021

Q Let M and m respectively be the maximum and minimum

values of the function f(x) = tan-1(sin x + cos x) in Then
the value of tan(M - m) is equal to:

D
 JEE Main 27th Aug, 2021

Q Let M and m respectively be the maximum and minimum

values of the function f(x) = tan-1(sin x + cos x) in Then
the value of tan(M - m) is equal to:

Solution:
 Defining Inverse
Trigonometric functions

4.
 Defining Inverse
Trigonometric functions

4.
 Defining Inverse
Trigonometric functions

4.

cosec−1(2) =

cosec−1(−2)=
 Defining Inverse
Trigonometric functions

5.
 Defining Inverse
Trigonometric functions

5.
 Defining Inverse
Trigonometric functions
Y
6. For cot x : (0, 𝜋) → (−∞, ∞)

cot-1 x : (−∞, ∞) → (0, 𝜋)

–π -π O π π
2 2
 Defining Inverse
Trigonometric functions
Y
6. For cot x : (0, 𝜋) → (−∞, ∞)

cot-1 x : (−∞, ∞) → (0, 𝜋)

–π -π O π π
cot−1(1) = 2 2
cot−1(−1) =
 Defining Inverse
Trigonometric functions

Remark

You can group sin−1 x, cosec−1 x, tan−1 x together and cos−1 x, sec−1 x, cot−1
x together as far as outputs are concerned corresponding to −ve inputs
Q Find the range of f(x) = cot-1 (2x - x2).

Remark

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

If f(x) is then f-1(x) is

Q Find the range of f(x) = cot-1 (2x - x2).

Solution:
 Defining Inverse
Trigonometric functions

Observation

We can easily draw graphs of inverse trigonometric functions simply

by reflecting graphs of trigonometric function about y = x.
Composition of Trigonometric
and its Inverse function
 Composition of Trigonometric and
its Inverse function

1. sin(sin−1 x) = cos(cos−1 x) = --- = cot(cot−1 x) = x

∀ x ∈ domain. (i.e. its always true)
 Composition of Trigonometric and
its Inverse function

1. sin(sin−1 x) = cos(cos−1 x) = --- = cot(cot−1 x) = x

∀ x ∈ domain. (i.e. its always true)

2. sin−1(sinx) = cos−1(cosx) =.... = cot−1(cot x) = x

only if x ∈ principal domain
 Q Evaluate:

(a) (b)

Solution: (c) cos-1(cos 2) (d)

Some Important Results
 Some Important Results
Result 1: Inverse Trigonometric Function at ‘-x’

sin-1(-x) = -sin-1 x

cosec-1(-x) = -cosec-1 x

tan-1(-x) = -tan-1 x
 Some Important Results
Result 1: Inverse Trigonometric Function at ‘-x’

sin-1(-x) = -sin-1 x cos-1(-x) = 𝜋 - cos-1 x

cosec-1(-x) = -cosec-1 x sec-1(-x) = 𝜋 - sec-1 x

tan-1(-x) = -tan-1 x cot-1(-x) = 𝜋 - cot-1 x

 Evaluate:
Q
(a) cos-1(cos 10) (b) tan-1(tan(-6))
 Evaluate:
Q
(a) cos-1(cos 10)
 Evaluate:
Q
(a) cos-1(cos 10)

Solution:

We know that cos-1(cos θ) = θ, if 0 ≤ θ ≤ 𝜋

Here, θ = 10 rad.
Clearly, it does not lie between 0 and 𝜋.
However, (4𝜋 - 10) lies between 0 and 𝜋 such that cos(4𝜋 - 10) = cos 10
⇒ cos-1(cos 10) = cos-1(cos(4𝜋 - 10)) = 4𝜋 - 10
 Evaluate:
Q
(b) tan-1(tan(-6))
 Evaluate:
Q
(b) tan-1(tan(-6))

Solution:

=
=
 JEE Main 1st Sep 2021

Q cos-1(cos(-5)) + sin-1(sin 6)) - tan-1(tan(12)) is equal

to: (The inverse trigonometric functions take
the principal values)

A 3π - 11

B 4π - 9

C 4π - 11

D 3π + 1
 JEE Main 1st Sep 2021

Q cos-1(cos(-5)) + sin-1(sin 6)) - tan-1(tan(12)) is equal

to: (The inverse trigonometric functions take
the principal values)

A 3π - 11

B 4π - 9

C 4π - 11

D 3π + 1
 JEE Main 1st Sep 2021

Q cos-1(cos(-5)) + sin-1(sin 6)) - tan-1(tan(12)) is equal

to: (The inverse trigonometric functions take
the principal values)

Solution:

cos-1(cos(-5)) + sin-1(sin 6)) - tan-1(tan(12))

⇒ (2π - 5) + (6 - 2π) - (12 - 4π)
⇒ 4π - 11
Graph of: y = sin-1 (sin x)
Graph of: y = cos-1 (cos x)
Y

𝜋/
2

X
- -𝜋 -𝜋/2 0 𝜋/ 𝜋 2𝜋
2𝜋 2
Graph of: y = tan-1 (tan x)

X
-2𝜋 -3𝜋/2 -𝜋 -𝜋/2 0 𝜋/2 𝜋 3𝜋/2 2𝜋

-𝜋/2
Q Find the number of solutions of
Q Find the number of solutions of

Solution:
 JEE Advanced 2023, P-1

Q
 JEE Advanced 2023, P-1

Ans: 3
 JEE Advanced 2023, P-1

Solution:
 Some Important Results

Inverse Trigonometric Functions of complementary functions

 Evaluate the following:
Q
(a) (b)
 Evaluate the following:
Q
(a)
 Evaluate the following:
Q
(a)

Solution
 Evaluate the following:
Q
(b)
 Evaluate the following:
Q
(b)

Solution
Q Solve for x : cos−1 x − sin−1 x = 0
Q Solve for x : cos−1 x − sin−1 x = 0

Solution:
 JEE Main 2013

Q Solve for x : sin−1x > cos−1x; x ∈ (0, 1)

C (0, 1)

D
 JEE Main 2013

Q Solve for x : sin−1x > cos−1x; x ∈ (0, 1)

C (0, 1)

D
 JEE Main 2013

Q Solve for x : sin−1x > cos−1x; x ∈ (0, 1)

Solution:
Q Solve for x :
Q Solve for x :

Solution:

or

Rejected
 JEE Main 31st Jan, 2023 - Shift 1

D
 JEE Main 31st Jan, 2023 - Shift 1

D
 JEE Main 31st Jan, 2023 - Shift 1

Solution:
 Observation

cos(2 sin-1(x)) = 1 - 2x2

Q The range of is

D
Q The range of is

D
Q The range of is

Solution:
Given,
Here also domain of function will be [−1,1]
Thus, now for range

Thus, range is
 Some Important Results

Result: Inverse Trigonometric Functions at ‘1/x’

Q Evaluate:

Hint:
Q Evaluate:

Solution

=
Q Evaluate: for x < 0 .
Q Evaluate: for x < 0 .

Solution

For x < 0,

Thus, we have

= = =
Inverse Trigonometric functions
in terms of each other
 Inverse Trigonometric functions
in terms of each other
For

1
sin-1 x x
 Inverse Trigonometric functions
in terms of each other
For

cos-1 x 1

x
Inverse Trigonometric functions
in terms of each other

Remark
Q Evaluate:
Q Evaluate:

Solution

Given

Since

∴
Q Evaluate:
Q Evaluate:

Solution

Given
 JEE Main 26th June, 2022

Q If the inverse trigonometric functions take principal values, then

is equal to

A 0

D
 JEE Main 26th June, 2022

Q If the inverse trigonometric functions take principal values, then

is equal to

A 0

D
 JEE Main 26th June, 2022

Q If the inverse trigonometric functions take principal values, then

is equal to

Solution:
Q then the value of x is

D
Q then the value of x is

D
Q then the value of x is

Solution:
Q If the value of the expression is in the form of

where a, b ∈ Z, then the value of is

Q If the value of the expression is in the form of

where a, b ∈ Z, then the value of is

Ans: 0.6
Solution:
 Inverse Trigonometric functions
in terms of each other
For
 Inverse Trigonometric functions
in terms of each other
For

-x 1

is +ve now & hence use above approach again.

Q
The value of is

D none
Q
The value of is

D none
Q
The value of is

Solution

x
Sum & Difference of ITF
 Sum & Difference of ITF

1.
 Sum & Difference of ITF

1.

NOTE
 Sum & Difference of ITF

2.
Q Evaluate:
Q Evaluate:
Evaluate:

Solution
Method I:
=

=
=
 Result

if
Solution:
Method II:

=
 Sum & Difference of ITF

Recall
Can you observe that
Can you observe that

Proof:

Applying tan on both sides

Q Evaluate:
Q Evaluate:

Solution
Q Find x if:
Q Find x if:

Solution:
Q Solve for x:
Q Solve for x:

Solution:
Solution:
 JEE Main 25th Jan, 2023
If the sum of all the solutions of
Q

Is then 𝞪 is equal to _____.

 JEE Main 25th Jan, 2023
If the sum of all the solutions of
Q

Is then 𝞪 is equal to _____.

Ans: 2
Solution:
 Sum & Difference of ITF

3. (i) under some good condition

(ii) under some good condition

4. (i) under some good condition

(ii) under some good condition

Q Solve:
Q Solve:

Solution:
 JEE Main 13th Apr, 2023

Q For x ∊ (-1,1], the number of solutions of the equation

Sin-1 x = 2 tan-1 x is equal to _____.
 JEE Main 13th Apr, 2023

Q For x ∊ (-1,1], the number of solutions of the equation

Sin-1 x = 2 tan-1 x is equal to _____.

Ans: 2
 JEE Main 13th Apr, 2023

Q For x ∊ (-1,1], the number of solutions of the equation

Sin-1 x = 2 tan-1 x is equal to _____.

Solution:
Q Prove that: if cos−1 x + cos−1 y + cos−1 z = 𝜋 then x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 − 2xyz
Q Prove that: if cos−1 x + cos−1 y + cos−1 z = 𝜋 then x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 − 2xyz

Solution:

Taking cos on both sides

Squaring on both sides

Summation of Series
Q Evaluate:
Q Evaluate:

Solution:

Given,

Since,
 JEE Advanced 2013, P-1

Q
The value of

D
 JEE Advanced 2013, P-1

Q
The value of

D
 JEE Advanced 2013, P-1

Q
The value of

Solution:
Q Evaluate:
Q Evaluate:

Solution:

Let TK =
Q Evaluate:

Solution:

Thus, TK = tan-1(K2 + K + 1) - tan-1(K2 - K + 1)

T1 = tan-1(3) - tan-1(1)
T2 = tan-1(7) - tan-1(3)
T3 = tan-1(13) - tan-1(7)

Tn = tan-1(n2 + n + 1) - tan-1(n2 - n + 1)
Q Evaluate:

Solution:
 JEE Main 26th Aug, 2021

C 100

D
 JEE Main 26th Aug, 2021

C 100

D
 JEE Main 26th Aug, 2021

Solution:
 Simplification of Inverse
Trigonometric Expressions
List of most commonly used formulae and expressions.
 Simplify the following:
Q
(a)

(b)
 Simplify the following:
Q
(a)
Solution:

Given,

(As i.e. lies in principle domain of )

 Simplify the following:
Q
(b)
Solution:

Given,

(As i.e. lies in principle domain of )

 Prove the following:
Q

(a)

(b)
 Prove the following:
Q

(a)
Solution:

Given,

Taking L.H.S
Put,
So, and,

(For is positive)
 Prove the following:
Q

(b)
Solution:

Given,

Taking L.H.S
Put,
So, and,

∴ (For , is positive)
Q

Where x ∈ (0, 1) then x is equal to

D
Q

Where x ∈ (0, 1) then x is equal to

D
Q

Where x ∈ (0, 1) then x is equal to

Solution:
 Solve for x:
Q
 Solve for x:
Q
 Solve for x:
Q

Solution:
Put

This will hold if

So, we get
 Solve for x:
Q
 Solve for x:
Q

Solution:
Put

So, we get

This will hold if

 Solve for x:
Q
 Solve for x:
Q

Solution:
Put, This will hold if

So, we get
 Solve for x:
Q
 Solve for x:
Q

Solution:
Put, This will hold if

So, we get
 Solve for x:
Q
 Solve for x:
Q

Solution:
This will hold if
Put,

So, we get
 Solve for x:
Q
 Solve for x:
Q

Solution:
This will hold if
Put,

So, we get
 Solve for x:
Q
 Solve for x:
Q

Solution:

Put, This will hold if

So, we get
Q

then find the value of f(2013).

Q

then find the value of f(2013).

Solution: