'
| :
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| cure ‘Called abtabtatfos +.A ebtathstic
uokese Vale t& used “as abe paint
| C6tfnate Of paiernbeay 053 called
| an ebtimiter .
Er Bsttrnody 2 +6e Porenoetes
lee Stale numerical’ value of
tee €atiroator Obrausad by dolla)
he +o types 25, osttroatd? Gre.
cy) Pewht Esrknakeor
Cit) Raterval EStneikéon) 5-Se
%
6
Routt tfroaton +
A : Bh. van ebifriae Oh population
vers soy, gurgle
carbene 3 cabled
e (parame,
(eq) * Let ® Bo pout > “eatfraton
etareen etn
Parameter’ 6 fs ge
vadud thei te
Be poste espioate pt
18
° e
& esternaton
voce ts oF
. + bees
Note: To patel se pov extationisnrs te
= oh rrements died mocked using oh
mosirnum * PkelProod 9), :ee Ime aN Se em eee
ee
| 2 Lob "pes e020 7
Prebabeery densPly peneteoh |
| pated populateor ber k perrerro eta y
| Of Ox Otee Let, pr
ment CON +e
OF) be ty |
ob Be
|
| ye re
1 eae | a.
| Pre of 2°6 (4,91 69112 OD dx
ie So pahdyenck,
nae gore! pep Maie Re ore the
_dunctons of the” parameter 0162-9,
he Teecqere. bP SEO) Mean Fb) =p on.
| Peel = ECx*)
vew.= etx) fee)”
The Spar. 7
given” ferent (ye e) f Ct tare oka ,O)*
bce Mandrurn” elo free
A
MLE = 8 ig * elotauted ' by +e ~ express
oe (ogs) ='0u
1 «
Mar aa
rote... fs oh ee
MLE > cure aed ayes
2 oe Se ein
estimator existe,ae} are. not pecessarly tun bauised
#
s wes have (nvarvence “propery
Pw
(ynboateedness
opiates
3 consiabency
4 Suppicuer ts
5 Robustness.
(onloaisedness : .
ee
DB (my eE sae data *7
be cn cnbuied estimator % @ EC6)= 6
Notet e f
| Dh eo) >® ten 8 3 said to be posttiely
paiised
3+) 94 & ILO ee fe aid to be
vegatBeely 1
‘3. se pesins | eat te aoe %
i eee ~
; IL pr@how that Pal Mean ¥ 8 an
tenigued ester qor te popusassor™
trean f+ .
dfotatech + (ex)
| per ¥! - ad
ax?) \
aooenn (24) zoe 2 (22°)
a stent) - PAE
Lap ene
| var ek
ve
ew) -Kfe quiet
_ celth: parameter nand P-
Therefore x a Unbabed
therefore fs) an unbabsediness: .
‘edtfmator > ; :
jetyb a bPromial Vv.
Parameter nade tren &
% Ate Observed! proporteor
“fe an Uvbated eottmateb ob mr]
hoco thet
p-
Golutoh + 29.43393 4
duke x B a bunombot "yous
ia de ® |
net iW
To prove that: ‘ mA >
F,(8) 40)
eat
a
x . eakirnator
-the parameter Pe
af Bb an Onbaued eotimater @ Shoo
deat G2 fab blased eatirrator
Cz
Gotutechs +
aren: © B. an onberted eshroator ©
“Gg (8) 8
Qo pre trae. : B® braked estimator ofeqY 46?
vey = Et5)*- EI)”
Ere) = verEO!
= v5)ee
e (6) ¢ 67.
4)
Dp er ea ye itey Ba random Sareple bem
Q normal popelaicon N Cre +een Show
that be abut ae “op based
egticrator yea :
qoluteor +
Sunte xg a normal populates
excite
N (HOU)
on
“There hore ECHR wey ade!
bork T, : 5
yoo = EC) - Ets
Lote a. fd
0
EC) = (44 “)
6 421A. varsloro _ Sareplé Corse! y2earree) % Se 04 4!
Fy
Ae drawe frer om a Hormal Populated Onknoewn
jellecoung estiroators
mean pe. “Oeinstlad the
to estimete pA Ct
| Sch y= me reeeh tee its
| 4
CN) to = pt Mates +04
3
CHT) tg = Mert 202 FANS eohere
8
°
AB bush thet +3 % an. tenbewsel esterrator,
| dud a, Are tr and te unbeised ?
Ochs ght, reasons the estimator
coh bs bes
|_qfoluteor + nn
EUR) v= Hs”
Vou (xP) =a?
Cov tet zpiie 0, fd f 524 as
Ee (a) -£ fs tXet state]
ce “YTeceo its . E(x4))
Bh dation at
v
© Loe x
Lew)
‘pe
E[tJ er [SAEs + xa)
Ay
~dCener] oe © ae
re Set = pe
( pum
®
4 \
=ap
eo armeng) Et te) and +3 -hie esternator),
eit AX. 3 a
db entail,
St [erent ay) “f
2 2 [aes andnep
> pl3+al¥ -é
'
a fsa] =.
BHA) 23
A 28-3=0.
VGH) = [vtu)+ ven) 4 vous v(x)
= zt [orem ote")
= 1 C407)
ie
.
o
'
4 e
vita) = 4, [vexo+ VC22) FY (CFE W (RA) |
32 j )
Ce ee
+ stent, plate
5
i nlvig oe ’ Toad pen
or 3
4a? '
3 :
Vita), og & (a) + (F)* vearto
ede hid ot
1 4 4
=Bo*
Carte VG) % least y tb the best esteream
ur Ye dense of least Voueerice
ECts]