Welcome to the presentation
on
APPLICATION OF MATRIX
Presented by :
Dr. Mohammed Nasir Uddin
Associate Professor
Dept. Of ICT
Faculty of Science and Technology(FST)
Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP)
TOPICS
❖Definition Matrix
❖ Minor and Cofactor
❖ Various kinds of Matrix
❖Addition / Subtraction/ Multiplication
❖Application of Matrix
MATRIX
Matrix
Matrix: A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers
arranged in rows and columns enclosed by a pair of
brackets and subject to certain rules in presentation.
a11 a12 a13 a14
a a22 a23 a24
21
.. .. .. ..
am1 am 2 am 3 am 4
• Square Matrix: A square matrix is a matrix
with the same number of rows as columns. An
nxn square matrix is said to be of order n and
is sometimes called an n square matrix. For
example
9 2 5
5 6 3
7 2 1 is a square matrix of order 3
Addition / Subtraction / Multiplication:
Given the following matrices
4 − 2 6 7 5 −1 9 12 7 15
A=
1 8 B= C= D=
11 2 6 0 − 11 10 24 8
Find (a) 6A – 5B (b) -3C + 2D (c) AC + BD (d) CA + BD
23 February 2024 10
Given the following matrices
− 6 7 11 20 15 5 0 − 6 2 5 8 − 7
A = 1 12 2
B = 6 8 10 C = 4 − 7 4 D= 6 3 2
10 − 4 − 8
− 4 3 − 1 6 0 − 5
15 12 − 4
Find (a) 3A - 2B (b) -4C + 5D (c) AC + BD (d) CA + DB
23 February 2024 11
Multiplication
− 6 7 11 0 − 6 2
AC = 1 12 2 4 − 7 4
10 − 4 − 8 6 0 − 5
23 February 2024 12
CRAMER’S RULE (MATRIX METHOD)
Let us consider the following n linear non- homogeneous
equations in n unknowns x1,x2,…,xn
a11x1+a12x2+…+a1nxn=b1
a21x1+a22x2+…+a2nxn=b2
…………………………
…………………………
an1x1+an2x2+…+annxn=bn
a11 a12 ... a1n
Such that D =
a21 a22 ... a2 n
... ... ... ...
≠0
an1 an 2 ... ann
Then the system has a unique solution
D1 D2 Dn
x1 = , x2 = ,..., xn =
D D D
where
b1 a12 ... a1n
a11 b1 ... a1n
b1 a22 ... a2 n
D1 = D2 =
a21 b2 ... a2 n
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
b1 an 2 ... ann an1 bn ... ann
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
a11 a12 ... b1
a21 a22 ... b2
Dn =
... ... ... ...
an1 an 2 ... bn
Prob: Solve the following equations with the help of determinant
(Cramer’s rule) x + 5y − z = 9
3x − 3 y + 2 z = 7
2 x − 4 y + 3z = 1
Solution: By using Cramer’s rule we have
1 5 −1
= 3 −3 2 = 1(− 9 + 8) − 5(9 − 4) − 1(− 12 + 6) = −1 − 25 + 6 = −20 0
2 −4 3
9 5 −1
1 = 7 − 3 2 = 9(− 9 + 8) − 5(21 − 2) − 1(− 28 + 3) = −9 − 95 + 25 = −79
1 −4 3
1 9 −1
2 = 3 7 2 = 1(21 − 2) − 9(9 − 4) − 1(3 − 14) = 19 − 45 + 11 = −15
2 1 3
1 5 9
3 = 3 − 3 7 = 1(− 3 + 28) − 5(3 − 14) − 9(− 12 + 6) = 25 − 55 − 54 = 26
2 −4 1
1 − 79 79 2 − 15 3
x = = = y= = = 3 26 13
− 20 20 − 20 4 z= = =−
− 20 10
, ,
Answer: (x,y,z)=(79/20,3/4, -13/10)
Problem: Solve the following equations with the help of the Matrix method
(Cramer’s Rule):
x+ y+z = 4
2x − y + z = 3
x − 2 y + 3z = 5
APPLICATION OF MATRIX
An investor deposited $80,000 in a savings bank,
some at a half-yearly rate of 5% and the rest at
annual rate of 12%. At the end of a year, he received
annual interest of $9000. Using matrix method find
out how much he deposited at 5%.
The sum of three numbers is 6. If we multiply the third
number by 2 and add the first number to the result, we
get 7. By adding second and third numbers to three times
the first number, we get 12. Using matrices find the
numbers.
An amount of $65,000 is invested in three investments
at rates of 6%, 8% and 9% per annum respectively.
The total annual income is $4,800. The income from
the third investment is $600 more than the income
from the second investment. Using matrix algebra,
determine the amount of each investment.
APPLICATION OF MATRIX
Problem:
The total cost of manufacturing three types of motor car is
given by the following table:
Labour Materials Sub-contracted
(hrs) (units) (units)
Car A 40 100 50
Car B 80 150 80
Car C 100 250 100
Labour costs Rs. 20 per hour, units of material cost Rs.5 each
and units of sub-contracted work cost Rs.10 per unit. Find the
total cost of manufacturing 3000, 2000 and 1000 vehicles of
type A, B and C respectively. Find the total cost.
Solution:
Let matrix P represents labour hours, material used
and sub-contracted work for three types of cars A, B,
C respectively
40 100 50
P = 80 150 80
100 250 100
Let matrix Q represent labour cost per unit, material cost and
cost of sub-contracted work
20
Q= 5
10
The cost of each car A , B, C is now given by the column
matrix
40 100 50 20 1800
PQ = 80 150 80 5 = 3150
100 250 100 10 4250
Let the number of cars A , B, C to be manufactured in
that order be represented by the row matrix
R = (3000 2000 1000 )
Hence the total cost of manufacturing three cars A B
and C is give by the matrix
= (1,59,50,000 )
APPLICATION OF MATRIX
Problem:
A,B and C has Tk. 480 , Tk. 760 and Tk. 710 respectively .
They utilized the amounts to purchase three types of
shares of prices x,y and z respectively. A purchases 2
shares of price x, 5 shares of price y and 3 shares of
price z. B purchases 4 shares of price x, 3 shares of price
y and 6 shares of price z. C purchases 1 shares of price x,
4 shares of price y and 10 shares of price z. Use matrix
to find the value of x, y and z.
Solution:
We obtain the following set of simultaneous linear
equations
2x +5y + 3z = 480
4x +3y + 6z = 790
x + 4y+ 10z = 710
Marginal propensity to consume (MPC)
Marginal propensity to save (MPS)
Example:
Saving Income
A 200 1000
B 400 1500
Now,
MPS can be calculated as follows:
Change in savings = (400-200) = 200
Change in income = (1500-1000) = 500
MPS = (Change in savings) / (Change in income)
so, MPS = 200/500 = 0.4
This implies that for each additional unit of income, the
savings increase by 0.4.
Home work
Problems: 98, 99,100,102,103,106
Page : ACE- 119 to 128
Book: V . K. Kapoor
