Client-Server Architecture
Kya hai: Client-server architecture ek networking model hai jisme network do main
components mein divide hota hai: clients aur servers.
Kaise kaam karta hai:
Server: Server ek powerful computer ya device hota hai jo resources (jaise files,
data, applications) aur services (jaise email, web access) provide karta hai.
Servers ko specific tasks ke liye design kiya jata hai aur inhe manage aur maintain
karna hota hai.
Client: Client ek normal computer ya device hota hai jo server se resources aur
services access karta hai. Client server ko request bhejte hain aur server un
requests ko process karke response bhejte hain. Clients ka kaam sirf resources ko
access karna hota hai, manage karna nahi.
Real-Life Example: Jab tum apne computer se YouTube pe koi video dekhte ho, tumhara
computer (client) ek request YouTube ke server ko bhejta hai. YouTube ka server
tumhare request ko process karta hai aur video data tumhare computer ko bhejta hai.
Tumhara computer video ko stream karta hai aur tum dekh sakte ho. Yaha YouTube ka
server saari videos store karta hai aur handle karta hai, jabki tumhara computer
sirf video dekhne ke liye server se data request karta hai.
Advantages:
Centralized Control: Server saare resources aur services ko manage karta hai,
isliye network management asaan hoti hai.
Scalability: Naye clients asaani se network mein add kiye ja sakte hain bina
network structure badle.
Security: Server central point hai, to security policies aur measures implement
karna asaan hota hai.
Disadvantages:
High Cost: Servers expensive hote hain aur unka maintenance bhi costly hota hai.
Single Point of Failure: Agar server down ho jaye, saare clients us server ki
services ko access nahi kar sakte.
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Architecture
Kya hai: Peer-to-peer architecture ek networking model hai jisme har device (peer)
ek dusre ke sath directly interact karta hai aur har device ko equal importance
milti hai.
Kaise kaam karta hai:
Peers: Har peer ek client aur server dono ki tarah kaam karta hai. Yeh resources ko
share karte hain aur directly ek dusre se communicate karte hain bina kisi central
server ke.
Har peer resources ko request kar sakta hai aur provide bhi kar sakta hai.
Data Sharing: Peers ek dusre se files, data aur resources directly share karte
hain. Isme koi central server nahi hota jo data ko manage kare.
Real-Life Example: Tumhare ghar ke computers agar ek P2P network mein connected
hain, toh tum directly apne bhai ke computer se koi file le sakte ho bina kisi
central server ke.
Ek aur common example BitTorrent hai. Jab tum BitTorrent se koi file download karte
ho, tumhare computer (peer) file ke different parts ko alag-alag peers se download
karta hai
jo woh file share kar rahe hote hain. Saath hi, tum bhi file ke parts ko dusre
peers ke sath share kar rahe hote ho.
Advantages:
Cost-effective: Central server ki zaroorat nahi hoti, isliye cost kam hoti hai.
Robustness: Ek peer ke fail hone se dusre peers pe asar nahi padta, kyunki har peer
apna data independently manage karta hai.
Scalability: Peers ko add karna asaan hota hai aur network ki capacity badh jati
hai.
Disadvantages:
Decentralized Control: Resources aur services ko manage karna difficult hota hai,
kyunki har peer apna alag data aur resources manage karta hai.
Security: Har peer ko secure karna muskil hota hai, aur network pe unauthorized
access ka risk zyada hota hai.
Data Redundancy: Multiple copies of the same data different peers pe hoti hain, jo
storage resources ka inefficient use hota hai.
Conclusion
Client-server architecture aur peer-to-peer architecture dono ke apne advantages
aur disadvantages hain. Client-server architecture centralized control aur
management provide
karta hai, jo larger networks aur business environments ke liye suitable hota hai.
Peer-to-peer architecture decentralized aur cost-effective hai, jo small networks
aur specific
applications (jaise file sharing) ke liye suitable hota hai. In architectures ka
selection network ki requirements aur use case ke hisaab se hota hai.
