New
Language
Leader
Level
3
Writing
Help
Unit
1:
Communication
Section
1.5,
Page
14,
Exercise
3
Study
Skills
Taking
notes
in
a
lecture.
1. Look
out
for
signs
of
introducing
what
is
to
come,
sequencing,
main
points,
rephrasing,
exemplifying.
I
intend
to…;
Firstly…
secondly…;
The
most
important
thing/point…;
In
other
words..;
for
instance/example…
2. Use
techniques
to
write
down
your
notes.
arrows,
headings,
colours,
space,
underlining,
capital
letters,
abbreviations,
short
form
Unit
1:
Communication
Section
1.5,
Page
15,
Exercise
15.a
Writing
Skills
Writing
an
email.
1. Decide
if
your
email
should
be
formal
or
informal
based
on
your
purpose,
e.g.
Formal:
inviting
someone
to
make
a
speech
as
part
of
a
ceremony;
Informal:
inviting
someone
to
give
a
talk
about
a
trip.
2. Choose
the
appropriate
greeting.
Formal:
Dear
Mr/Mrs
Informal:
Hi
/
Hello
+
first
name
3. Consider
the
content:
a
request,
an
attachment,
additional
information,
future
contact.
Formal:
I
would
like
to
invite
you
to
speak…
I
met
with
you…
Please
find
attached…
Please
do
not
hesitate
to
contact
me...
Informal:
Do
you
want
to
give
a
talk?
Great
we
met…
Just
let
me
know
if
there’s
any
problem.
You
could
contact
me…
4. Use
an
appropriate
ending.
Formal:
Yours
sincerely,
first
name
+
family
name
(position)
Informal:
Best/Cheers
first
name
5. Edit
the
email
for
mistakes:
grammar,
register
(formality),
vocabulary,
spelling
and
punctuation.
1
Unit
1:
Communication
Section
1.5,
Page
15,
Exercise
15.c
Writing
Skills
Writing
a
reply
to
an
email.
(the
same
as
Exercise
15.a)
Unit
2:
Environment
Section
2.5,
Page
25,
Exercise
10.d
Writing
Skills
Constructing
a
questionnaire.
1. Specify
the
issue.
Decide
on
the
type
of
questions-‐
short/open-‐
which
will
determine
the
structure
of
the
questionnaire
and
the
question
forms.
Short:
Yes/No.
Tick
the
item.
Choose
between
alternatives.
Choose
a
number
on
a
scale.
Open
questions:
What
do
you
think..?
Who
is…?
Why
did…?
Do
you
believe…?
2. Work
with
a
classmate
to
edit
the
questionnaire-‐
improve
the
‘poor’
questions’.
Unit
3:
Sport
Section
3.5,
Page
35,
Exercise
11.b
Writing
Skills
A
‘for
and
against’
essay.
1. Start
your
essay
by
providing
background
information
on
the
topic
and
state
your
aim.
For
decades…
In
recent
years…
People
these
days…
The
objective
of
this
essay
is
to…
My
aim
here
is
to…
2. Include
the
context
of
the
question.
Introduce
and
restate
the
question.
Give
reasons.
It
is
true
that…,
but…
First,…
Second…
3. Argue
for
the
proposition.
Many
people
argue
that…
It
can
also
be
argued
that…
4. Argue
against
the
proposition.
In
contrast,
some
people
argue
that…
It
is
also
clear
that…
5. Write
the
conclusion-‐
state
your
opinion,
make
a
recommendation.
In
conclusion…
It
is
obvious
that…
2
Unit
4:
Medicine
Section
4.5,
Page
45,
Exercise
13
Writing
Skills
Writing
a
short
report.
1. Start
your
report
by
identifying
the
person
who
asked
for
it
and
add
its
subject
matter.
This
report
was
requested
by…
It
studies/investigates…
2. Write
what
you
discovered
in
the
investigations.
Facts
and
findings
3. State
your
opinion
of
the
facts.
Experts
have
different
opinions…
However,
…
4. Write
your
recommendation.
It
is
recommended/advisable/vital
that…
It
is
a
good
idea
to…
5. End
the
report
by
including
your
name
and
position
at
work.
First
name
+
Family
name
Director/Researcher/Assistant
Unit
5:
Transport
Section
5.5,
Page
55,
Exercise
7
Writing
Skills
Describing
information
in
a
table.
1. Examine
the
table
with
information
about
air
travel
in
Bahrain:
number
of
passengers,
arrivals,
departures,
transfers…
in
2013,
2014
2015.
2. Start
your
report
by
comparing
the
statistics
according
to
the
years.
Compare
and
contrast
some
striking
In
2013,
Bahrain
had…
In
2014,
the
number
of…
increased
from…
to…
/
decreased
from…
to…
numbers.
3. Develop
the
report
by
pointing
to
more
interesting
information.
In
contrast
to
2014,
2015
numbers
show
that…
On
the
other
hand,
statistics
shows
that…
3
Unit
6:
Literature
and
Film
Section
6.5,
Page
65,
Exercise
14
Writing
Skills
Writing
an
online
review.
1. You
could
start
the
review
by
mentioning
the
film,
the
director,
the
cast
and
the
plot.
…
is
an
adaptation
of/the
5th
film/
adapted
from…/is
an
original
screenplay
It’s
about../tells
the
story
of…
The
film
is
directed
by…
2. Then
proceed
into
describing
some
details,
such
as
the
script,
the
action
sequence,
use
of
special
effects
and
the
location.
Make
sure
you
use
adjectives
and
adverbs.
The
script
is
interesting.
The
action
sequence
is
somehow
exciting…
In
every
way…
Without
doubt…
3. End
the
review
with
your
recommendation;
it
can
be
in
two
paragraphs.
The
good
thing
about
the
film
is
that
the…
funny,
thrilling,
dramatic,
extremely
good…
The
worst
thing
about
the
film
is
that
the…
boring,
dull,
truly
bad…
4. Make
sure
you
include
Dull/tedious,
a
catchy
title
and
your
name
on
top.
Unit
7:
Architecture
Section
7.5,
Page
75,
Exercise
10
Writing
S
kills
Writing
an
opinion-‐led
essay.
1. In
the
first
paragraph,
present
the
argument
objectively
for
and
against
the
controversial
issue
you’ve
chosen
to
write
about
and
state
your
opinion.
Some
people
believe
that….
It
is
claimed
that…
However,
others
state
that…
This
is
not
true….
This
is
a
misconception…
2. Develop
your
essay
by
stating
your
argument
to
support
your
opinion
with
evidence.
Start
by
the
strongest.
You
could
include
the
opinion
of
other
writers
and
evaluate
it.
The
best
advantages
of…
The
most
significant
fact
is
that…
Another
major
advantage
is
that…
3. State
the
counter-‐argument
and
challenge
it;
provide
supportive
information.
Critics
point
out/report/
state
that…
This
is
not
true/
questionable.
4. Conclude
your
essay
by
stating
your
opinion
strongly
to
ling
with
the
opening
paragraph.
Use
strong
adjectives
and
adverbs.
To
sum
up…
Undoubtedly…
Unquestionably…
More
importantly…
4
5. Edit
your
essay.
Make
sure
you
avoid
repetition
of
nouns,
verbs,
adverbs
and
phrases
by
using
others
with
similar
meaning.
not
true=
false=
misconception=
questionable;
offer=
provide=
foster;
perfect=
faultless=
just
right;
believe=
consider=
state
Unit
8:
Globalisation
Section
8.5,
Page
85,
Exercise
10
Writing
Skills
Writing
a
summary
1. Read
the
original
text;
you
should
understand
every
word.
Take
note
of
the
key
points
(usually
the
topic
sentence).
2. Paraphrase
the
points
using
your
own
words.
Do
not
use
quotations.
Keep
the
order
of
ideas.
believe=
state=
argue;
provide=
offer=
supply;
creation=
innovation;
publicise=
make
known=
advertise;
help=
assist=
aid;
increase=
raise=
boost
3. Remember
that
you
cannot
include
your
opinion
and
the
summary
should
be
about
one
third
in
length
of
the
original
text.
Unit
9:
Art
Section
9.5,
Page
94,
Exercise
10
Writing
Skills
Writing
an
online
review.
1. Decide
on
the
trip
you’ve
made
and
want
to
write
about.
You
may
do
research
to
get
information
about
the
place.
2. Identify
a
site
or
two
that
you
have
visited
and
describe
them.
Include
your
impression
about
them.
Use
appropriate
vocabulary;
avoid
general
adjectives.
Scenery:
pharming,
picturesque;
People:
friendly,
witty;
Atmosphere:
relaxing,
restful;
Food:
delicious,
tasty;
clothes:
trendy,
stylish
3. You
may
mention
any
interesting
experience.
When
we
were
walking…,
we
could
see...
your
review
with
a
general
statement
evaluating
the
trip.
You
may
recommend
it
to
others
to
visit.
4. End
Unit
10:
Psychology
Section
10.3,
Page
101,
Exercise
11
Writing
[same
as
Unit
8:
Globalisation;
Section
8.5,
Page
85,
Exercise
10;
Writing
Skills]
5
Unit
10:
Psychology
Section
10.5,
Page
105,
Exercise
11.b
Writing
Skills
Writing
a
short
essay.
1. Choose
the
topic
you
want
to
write
about
and
do
some
research.
Identify
a
few
related
articles.
Read
and
take
notes.
2. Start
writing
the
essay
by
identifying
the
topic.
You
may
include
the
two
opposing
ideas-‐
the
argument
and
the
counter
argument.
Write
in
your
own
words.
Some
may
believe
that
women
have
the
main
responsibility…
This
is
true
in
that….
However,…
3. Develop
the
essay
by
adding
information
to
support
your
point
of
view
specifying
the
source
of
each
idea.
A
study
by…
reported
that…
Evidence
in
the
study…
showed
that…
4. Your
conclusion
should
be
a
summary
of
the
paragraphs
with
restatement
of
your
point
of
view.
On
the
whole…
However…
5. Make
sure
you
a
short
bibliography
at
the
end
to
include
the
sources
you
have
used:
the
author
of
the
article,
the
year
of
publication,
the
title
of
the
article
and
the
publication
information
as
follows.
Leman,
K.
(1985)
The
Birth
Order
Book:
Why
You
Are
The
Way
You
Are,
[Online],
Available
at:
www.drleman.com,
[14
April
2008].
Unit
11:
Cultures
Section
1
1.5,
Page
115,
Exercise
12
Writing
Skills
Writing
a
formal
correspondence.
1. Read
the
advertisement.
Choose
the
topic
you
will
answer
questions
on.
2. Write
about
your
experience
and/or
point
of
view.
I
am
writing
in
relation
to
your
advertisement…
for….
I
am…
3. Add
when
you
will
be
available.
I
can
be
available…
4. Make
a
closing
remark.
Should
you
need
any
information,
please
feel
free
to
contact
me.
5. Refer
to
the
future.
I
look
forward
to
hearing
from
you
in
the
near
future.
6
Unit
12:
Technology
Section
12.5,
Page
125,
Exercise
13
Writing
Skills
Writing
an
opinion
article.
1. Introduce
the
topic
in
the
first
paragraph.
There
has
been
a
remarkable
increase
in
the
use
of
mobile
technology…
2. Develop
your
opinion
in
the
following
paragraphs
using
relevant
stylistic
features:
strong
vocabulary,
use
of
I,
use
of
dash
-‐,
use
of
informal
language,
compounds
and
imagery.
Sure
this
phenomenon…
For
example…
However/But…
I
think
that…
3. End
the
article
by
a
general
statement
stressing
your
opinion.
I
am
optimistic
about…
I
believe
that…
7
