Integration Formulas
1. ∫ sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − cos 𝑢 + 𝑐
2. ∫ cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = sin 𝑢 + 𝑐
3. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = tan 𝑢 + 𝑐
4. ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − cot 𝑢 + 𝑐
5. ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 tan 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = sec 𝑢 + 𝑐
6. ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −csc 𝑢 + 𝑐
1
7. ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 sin 𝑢 + 𝑐
√1−𝑢2
1
8. ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 tan 𝑢 + 𝑐
1+𝑢2
1
9. ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 sec 𝑢 + 𝑐
𝑢√𝑢2 −1
1 𝑢
10. ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 sin + 𝑐
√𝑎2 −𝑢2 𝑎
1 1 𝑢
11. ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 tan + 𝑐
𝑎2 +𝑢2 𝑎 𝑎
1 1 𝑢
12. ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 sec + 𝑐
𝑢√𝑢2 −𝑎2 𝑎 𝑎
1
13. ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ln|𝑢| + 𝑐
𝑢
14. ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 + 𝑐
𝑎𝑢
15. ∫ 𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = +𝑐
ln 𝑎
16. ∫ tan 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑙𝑛 |sec 𝑢| + 𝑐
17. ∫ cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑙𝑛 |csc 𝑢| + 𝑐
18. ∫ sec 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln |𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 + tan 𝑢 + 𝑐 |
19. ∫ sec 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −ln |𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 + cot 𝑢 + 𝑐 |
Example. Integrate the following:
1. ∫ 2𝑥 cos(𝑥 2 ) sin(𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
Let 𝑢 = cos(𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑥 sin(𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
−𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥 sin(𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
∫ 2𝑥 cos(𝑥 2 ) sin(𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑢 (−𝑑𝑢)
= − ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑢
2
−𝑢2 −(cos(𝑥 2 ))
= +𝑐= +𝑐
2 2
2. ∫ sec(2𝑥) tan(2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
Let 𝑢 = 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑢
∫ sec(2𝑥) tan(2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 2
1
= ∫ sec 𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2
1 1
= sec 𝑢 + 𝑐 = sec(2𝑥) +𝑐
2 2
3. ∫ sec(2𝑥) tan(2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
Let 𝑢 = 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑢
∫ sec(2𝑥) tan(2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 2
1
= ∫ sec 𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2
1 1
= sec 𝑢 + 𝑐 = sec(2𝑥) +𝑐
2 2
3. ∫ cos(5𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
Let 𝑢 = 5𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 5𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥
5
𝑑𝑢
∫ cos(5𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ cos 𝑢 5
1
= ∫ cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
5
1 1
= − sin 𝑢 + 𝑐 = − sin(5𝑥) + 𝑐
5 5
4. ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥
Let 𝑢 = 𝑥3
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
3
𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝑥 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 3
1
= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3
1 1
= tan 𝑢 + 𝑐 = tan(𝑥 3 ) + 𝑐
3 3
5. ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 7 (2𝑥) cot 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Let 𝑢 = csc 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = − csc 2𝑥 cot 2𝑥 ∙ 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
− = csc 2𝑥 cot 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 7 (2𝑥) cot 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 6 (2𝑥) csc 2𝑥 cot 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−𝑑𝑢 1
= ∫ 𝑢6 = − ∫ 𝑢6 𝑑𝑢
2 2
1 𝑢7 1
=− ∙ +𝑐 = − 𝑐𝑠𝑐 7 2𝑥 + 𝑐
2 7 14
𝑑𝑥
6. ∫
1+4𝑥 2
Let 𝑢 = 2𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥
2
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
∫ 1+4𝑥 2 = ∫ 1+(2𝑥)2 = ∫ 1+𝑢 2
1 𝑑𝑢
= ∫
2 1+𝑢2
1 1
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐 tan 𝑢 + 𝑐 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 tan(2𝑥) + 𝑐
2 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
7. ∫ =∫
√4−9𝑥 2 √22 −(3𝑥)2
Let 𝑢 = 3𝑥, 𝑎=2
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥
3
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 3
∫ 2
=∫ =∫
√4−9𝑥 √22 −(3𝑥) 2 √𝑎2 −𝑢2
1 𝑑𝑢
= ∫
3 √𝑎2 −𝑢2
1 𝑢 1 3𝑥
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐 sin + 𝑐 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 sin +𝑐
3 𝑎 3 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
8. ∫ =∫
𝑥√5𝑥 2 −10 2
𝑥√(√5𝑥)2 −(√10)
Let 𝑢 = √5𝑥, 𝑎 = √10
𝑑𝑢 = √5𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑑𝑥
√5
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 √5
∫ =∫ =∫ 𝑢
𝑥√5𝑥 2 −10 2 √𝑢2 −𝑎2
𝑥 √(√5𝑥)2 −(√10) √5
𝑑𝑢
=∫
𝑢√𝑢2 −𝑎2
1 𝑢 1 √5𝑥
= 𝑎𝑟𝑐 sec + 𝑐 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 sec +𝑐
𝑎 𝑎 √10 √10
4
9. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 sin(ln 𝑥)
Let 𝑢 = ln 𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
4 𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝑥 sin(ln 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 4 ∫ sin 𝑢
= 4 ∫ csc 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
= 4(−𝑙𝑛|csc 𝑢 + cot 𝑢|) + 𝑐
= 4(−𝑙𝑛|csc (ln 𝑥) + cot (ln 𝑥)|) + 𝑐
𝑥 ln 3
10. ∫ 3𝑥 23 𝑑𝑥
Let 𝑢 = 3𝑥 ln 3
𝑑𝑢 = ln 3[3𝑥 ln 3] 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 = (ln 3)2 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
(ln 3)2
= 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 ln 3 𝑑𝑢
∫ 3𝑥 23 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 2𝑢 (ln 2
3)
1
= (ln
3)2
∫ 2𝑢 𝑑𝑢
1 2𝑢
= (ln [ ]+ 𝑐
3)2 ln 2
𝑥
23 ln 3
= (ln +𝑐
3)2 ln 2
