1.

JOB SATISFACTION
Answer:

Job satisfaction is the amount of pleasure associated with a job. If we like our job intensely/
mãnh liệt, we will experience high job satisfaction, and if we dislike our job, we may have
job dissatisfaction. What makes job satisfaction?

To begin with, the most important contributing factor to our job satisfaction is the
compensation system, which means salaries and fringe benefits/ phúc lợi phụ. As you know,
money seems to be an important instrument in fulfilling our needs. We need a high salary to
cover our living costs, such as housing, clothes, food.. Besides, we tend to see money as a
reflection of the mangament’s recognition of our performance and contributions to the
companies. In general, all of us want a pay system which is simple, fair and meets our
requirements and expectations.

Another key factor influencing our level of satisfaction is whether we can maintain and
develop positive relationships with our coworkers. When our bosses are friendly and
supportive of us and they take personal interest/quan tâm in our welfare, we will fell happy
and undoubtedly we will experience job satisfaction. Similarly, we may consider our
company as our second home if we work together with team members who are sincere,
helpful, friendly. Thus relationships with those we work and interact with in our daily
working life play a major role in our satisfaction.

On top of that, the attitude to the job we do is another crucial element… if we choose and
find a job suitable for our major, personality and skills, we may find it interesting and feel
confident about ourselves. For example, we major in EL and if we have a job involving using
a lot of E and traveling to many cities, we will find the job exciting and relevant to our
studies.

Last but not least, our job satisfaction depends on the degrees and certification we own.
Some people think that in today’s workplace, employee’s efficiency is considered more
important than any other factors including qualifications. However, in fact, qualifications
help us to have more job options and promotion opportunities. Without a degree , we could
only find a job in a small private company, and find it difficult to hold challenging positions.

2. DISADVANTAGES OF TOURIST DEVELOPMENT

In today’s age of globalization, traveling is becoming increasingly popular with people from
all over the world and the tourism industry plays a vital role in the economic growth and
prosperity of many countries. However, the explosive growth of tourism has led to the
environmental, economic, social problems.
From an environmental perspective, tourism may badly affect the living environment of
various species of plants and animals. In fact, tourists are often attracted by fragile
environments such as small islands, underdeveloped coastlines. For example, visitors
trekking in sapa, dalat and other mountainous areas may cut down trees for firewood, leaving
slopes/ sườn núi vulnerable to erosion and landslides in wet weather./ destruction of natural
habitat.

As far as the social impacts of tourism are concerned, traditional values of a certain
destination may suffer. The tourists show a way of life which is the result of both of their
own wealth and culture and the fact that they enjoy themselves far away from the constraints/
ràng buộc of their family. Many young locals may imitate and copy this lifestyle, which
may not find favor in their own communities because they discover something superior in
this display of material success and apparent freedom./ destroyed traditional ways of life

Ugly hotel complexes could be another big problem caused by the explosion of tourism. New
leisure and tourism developments fail to blend with the surrounding areas. The color of
the surrounding vegetation, the network of paths, roads and fileds are all factors which
should be taken into consideration by designers. However, many hotel owners and
investors do not care about this issue making hotels ugly and unattractive to visitors./ ugly
hotel complexes

Another issue related to the boom of tourism is traffic congestion and overcrowing.
Destinations popular with tourists are not always in easily accessible areas. Besides, crowds
can easily spoil the appearance and atmosphere of a place. Inside churches, pagodas and
temples, the presence of large number of visitors make it difficult for individuals to find a
place for quiet prayer and reflection. In downtown areas of tourist cities, the presence of
travelers made traffic congestion more severe./ traffic congestion and overcrowding.

3. University should teach students a wide range of subjects

Well, we are living in a rapidly changing world, where our knowledge and skills easily
become outdated and fail to keep up with changes in technology, science, and social life.
Therefore, in my view, students are expected to study a wide variety of subjects at university.

To begin with, this educational philosophy could equip learners with a comprehensive
understanding of various fields and disciplines. In fact, we should know how the world
works, so knowledge and information related to physics, biology,.. are all essential for us.
The information we learn from these subjects may not be enough to use for any future job but
it may be important for our development as educated citizens.

Additionally, the labour market is becoming increasingly competitive and this could mean
that remaining employable and changing careers would be difficult if we had little or no
knowledge about other subjects. For example, a student specializing in Business English may
have more job opportunities and move to other jobs more easily than one majoring in English
because he is taught not only E but also business- related subjects.

On top of that, specializing in a field of study which involves different disciplines seems to
be a trend popular and applicable/áp dụng to many educational institutions in today’s age of
knowledge- based economy. In fact, nowadays the study of 1 major requires knowledge in
multiple fields. People like interdisciplinary studies/ liên ngành because they can use
information from various subjects to solve their problems. In other words, interdisciplinary
studies enable learners to come up with creative and innovative solutions to problems people
encounter in their workplace. For example, an E teacher needs to improve her IT knowledge
and other fields to pursue her carrer sucessfully.

Last but not least, studying subjects related to different disciplines may motivate learners to
study harder, utilize and manage their time more effectively, avoid wasting time on
unneccessary acivities and maximize their potential. In short, students should take a wide
range of courses since knowing about many subjects makes well balanced, well educated
citizens able to adapt themselves to constantly changing living environments.

4. FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN BUYING A HOUSE

As you can see, a house is a valuable asset and big dream for almost everyone. It is where
we recharge our battery for a much better working days. It is also where we share stories
and feelings with our dearest members. Besides, the house undoubtedly bring us profitable
investment opportunities. That’s why we need to take into consideration various factors
before making an important final decision.

To begin with, the location is a great importance to me. This is because it will help me to
save time to move from my home to my company and other important organizations.
What I mean is that my future house is supposed/ expected to be convinient.

Another important factor for me to mention/ highlight/ emphasize is the facilities. It shouldn’t
be big but it must be adequate and good enough to meet my family’s basic living
standards. To be more specific/ more specifically, I hope my future home will have 2
bedrooms, one dining room, a good kitchen, 2 bathrooms and many other necessary
amenities/ tiện nghi.

The next factor/element to be considered is the neighbourhood. It is said that relatives are not
as important as neighbours and I agree with this idea. This is because when we are in trouble
or face a big problem, our next-door neighbour will be the ones who will be available and
help us to get out of our dangerous or urgent situations. Besides, if our future neighbours
are noisy and nosey, this could badly afffect our wellbeing. You know, we can’t stand the
terrible noise coming from karaoke songs sung by our neighbors at noon.

Last but not least, the price of the house plays a vital role in our decision to buy it, you know,
the house needs to be affordable or suitable for our budget or income. In many cases, we
can borrow money from the bank or family members to buy house, however, if the house is
too expensive, it will be difficult for us to pay back the loan and thus, it could have a
negative impact on our well being or our quality of life.

5. WAYS TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT

a. Choose energy-efficient appliances and light bulbs

Energy-efficient appliances use less energy, which saves money on our energy bills and
reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

b. Reduce, reuse, recycle

This is one of the most important things that people can do to protect the environment.
Reducing the consumption of resources, reusing the items whenever possible, and recycling
materials that we can’t reuse help to reduce waste and pollution.

c. Use public transport

Walk, bike, or using bus whenever possible. Car is a major source of air pollution, so
reducing our reliance on car can help to improve air quality. Public transportation is
sustainable and healthy way to get around.

d. Get involved in environmental activism

There are many ways to get involved in environmental activism, such as volunteering for
environmental organizations, attending protests, contacting our elected officials to advocate
for environmental policies.

 In short, protecting the environment is everyone’s responsibility. By making small

changes in our daily lives and supporting organizations that are woking to reduce their
environmental impact, we can all make a difference.
6. TIPS FOR VISITING A NEW COUNTRY.
a. Be prepared for anything: things don’t always go according to plan when you are
travelling, so it is important to be prepared for anything. This includes packing for all
types of weather, having a backup plan in case your flight is canceled, and know how to
contact your embassy in case of an emergency.
b. Do your research: before you go, you should take some time to research your destination
about the local culture, custom, belief. So it will help you to feel more confident an
preapred when you arrive.
c. Use public transport: this is a great way to save money and reduce your enviromental
impact. It is also a great way to explore the new city and see the different ways of life.
d. Be respectful: when you are visiting a new country, it is important to be respectful of the
local culture and customs. This includes dressing appropriately, avoiding offensive
language or gestures, and being mindful of your behaviour in public.
7. CHALLENGES WHEN TRAVELLING ALONE
a. Loneliness. It can be lonely to travel alone, especially if you are not used to it. It can
be difficult to meet new people and make friends, especially if you are not fluent in
the local language.
b. Safety. It is important to be more aware of your surroundings and take extra
precautions when traveling alone, especially if you are traveling in a foreign country.
This includes being careful about where you go at night, not walking alone in
unfamiliar places, and being careful with your belongings.
c. Planning. It can be more difficult to plan a trip when you are traveling alone. You
need to make sure that you have everything you need, and you need to be more
flexible with your plans in case something goes wrong.
d. Cost. Traveling alone can be more expensive than traveling with others. This is
because you have to pay for everything yourself, and you often have to pay a single
supplement for hotels and other accommodations.
8. WHY PERSONAL BRANDING ?
a. Build trust
- Building trust with your audience and clients is another crucial benefit of personal
branding. When you have a well-defined personal brand, you can build a strong
connection with your audience or clients, which can help to foster loyalty and
repeat business. By creating a consistent message and image that aligns with your
values and strengths, you can show your audience that you are authentic and reliable.
This can be particularly important if you are operating in a crowded and competitive
market, where trust can be hard to come by.
- When your audience or clients trust you, they are more likely to recommend your
services or products to others, which can help to expand your reach and influence. In
addition, building trust through personal branding can also lead to more meaningful
and long-lasting relationships with your clients or customers. Ultimately, when you
build trust through personal branding, you create a strong foundation for growth and
success in your career or business.
b. Stand out from competition
- In today's crowded marketplace, creating a unique identity and standing out from
the competition is more important than ever. Personal branding can help you do just
that by developing a clear and consistent image that sets you apart from others in
your industry. By identifying your strengths, values, and unique selling points, you
can create a personal brand that showcases what makes you different and why
 people should choose you over others. This can help you to become more
memorable and recognizable to your audience, which can lead to more business and
opportunities.
- When you have a unique personal brand, you can differentiate yourself from others
and create a niche in your market. This can lead to a more loyal and engaged
audience that is more likely to choose you for their needs. Overall, creating a unique
identity and standing out through personal branding can be a powerful way to grow
your career or business and achieve your goals.
c. Increase online presence
- Enhancing your online and offline presence is another key benefit of personal
branding. In today's digital age, having a strong online presence is essential for
growing your career or business. By building a personal brand online, you can
showcase your expertise, values, and personality to a global audience. This can
help you to attract new clients, customers, or job offers, and can also help you to
create new business partnerships or collaborations. Moreover, personal branding can
also help you to enhance your offline presence.

- By creating a consistent and memorable image and message, you can also make an
impact on your local community and industry events. This can help you to
network with like-minded individuals, gain exposure, and generate new opportunities.
When you enhance your online and offline presence through personal branding, you
create a powerful and recognizable image that can help you to stand out in your
industry and achieve your goals.
d. Expand your network
- Expanding your network and opportunities is another valuable benefit of personal
branding. When you have a strong personal brand, you can attract new connections
and expand your reach beyond your immediate circle. By showcasing your
expertise, personality, and interests, you can attract like-minded individuals and
potential collaborators who can help you grow your career or business.
Moreover, a strong personal brand can also help you to expand your opportunities. As
you become more recognized and respected within your industry, you may find that
new doors open up for you, such as speaking engagements, partnerships, or job
offers.
- This can help you to advance your career, increase your income, and achieve your
long-term goals. In addition, expanding your network through personal branding can
also help you to stay up to date with the latest trends and developments in your
industry, which can help you to stay relevant and competitive. Overall, expanding
your network and opportunities through personal branding is a powerful way to grow
your professional network and achieve your desired outcomes.
9. CHALLENGES FACING TODAY’S RECENT GRADUATES FROM THE UNI
 Recent graduates from uni encounter a myriad of challenges as they step into the
professional world.
a. One significant hurdle is the lack of work experience. Many employers prioritize
candidates with practical experience, and graduates often find themselves caught in a
catch 22 situation needing working experience to secure a job but struggling to gain
experience without a job. Overcoming this barrier often involves actively seeking
interships, co-op programs, or volunteer opportunities during this academic years.
b. Another formidable challenge is the intense job market competition. The
contemporary job market is highly competitive, with a surplus of qualified candidates
vying for a limited number of entry-level positions. Recent graduates must distinguish
themselves through their resumes, cover letters, and networking efforts to stand out
among the crowd. Developing a personal branch and showcasing unique skills and
accomplisments become essential in navigating this competitive landscape.
c. Skill mismatch poses another significant challenge for recent graduates. While
universities aim to equip students with relevant knowledge, technological
advancements and industry trends can outpace academic curricula. Graduates may
find that their skills do not perfectly align with the demands of the job market. To
address this, ongoing learning and professional development become crucial for
staying abreast of industry changes and maintaining a competitive edge in their chose
field.
d. Beyond these commonly cited challenges, one additional obstacle is the rapid
evolution of workplace technologies. Today’s workplaces are charactersized by
constant technological advancements. Recent graduates may face the challenge of
adapting to new tools, software, and digital platforms in their jobs. This requires a
proactive to staying technologically literate and a willingness to continuously upskill
to meet the evolving demands of the modern workplace.

In conclusion, recent graduates confront challenges such as a lack of work experience,

intense job market competition, skill mismatches and the rapid evolution of workplace
technologies. Overcoming these hurdles demands a combination of proactive career
planning, continuous learning, effective self- promotion, and adaptability to the dynamic
demands of the professional landscape.

10. THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON

CELEBRITIES

In today’s age of ICT, when the internet and technological devices make it possible for
people to interact and communicate with other people, social media seems to become a very
important means of sharing and communicating information and ideas for many people
especially famous people. However, there are both pros and cons to SM.
On the positive side, SM enables celebrities to maintain a continuous presence in the
public eye. They can share updates about their work, personal lives and achievements. This
consistent visbility helps to sustain interest in their careers.

Another benefits of SM is that they help celebrities to promote and advertise their projects
and products more effectively with lower costs. They can endorse/ xác nhận various brands,
movies, music and charitable causes directly to their fan base. They can also use SM
playforms to support social and humanitarian causes, raising the public’s awareness of
important issues and driving positive changes in society.

On the negative side, SM can make celebrities exposed to privacy invasion. The constant
scrunity/ chỉ trích, paparazzi and intrusive questions about their personal lives can become
overwhelming and intrusive/xâm phạm. Celebrities are not immune/ không tránh khỏi to
harsh comments, criticism even threats from anonymous users. Dealing with such negativity
can take a severe toll/ tổn hại nghiêm trọng on their mental health.

Another big problem is fear of missing out. The constant exposure to other celebrities’s lives
and achievements can lead to feelings of envy. Celebrities may suffer from FOMO as they
tend to compare their careers, lifestyle to their peers on SM.

In conclusion, SM has undoubtedly reshaped celebrity culture, offering benefits like direct
fan engagement, increased visibility, while also presenting challenges such as privacy
invasion, cyber bullying, and the pressure to conform/ tuân thủ. Striking a balance between
harnessing the positive aspects and mitigating the negative consequences is a continuous
challenge for celebrities navigating the digital age.

11. BENEFITS OF ZOOS

Zoos often associated with childhood wonder and playful monkeys, these sanctuaries hold a
far greater meaning than mere entertainment. In a world where human impact and
environmental change run rampant, zoos have become vital pillars of education, protection
and conservation for the diverse animal kingdom we share our planet with.

Firstly, zoos are classrooms without walls. Zoos bring the natural world to life, allowing
children and adults alike to encounter creatures they might never seen in person. They would
have a deeper understanding of animal behaviour, adaptations, and ecosystems. Educational
outreach programs extend beyond zoo fences, with zoo staff bringing their expertise to
schools and communities, ensuring that no one is left behind in the journey of aniaml
appreciation.

Secondly, zoos serve as safe havens/shelters for endangered species, shielding them from the
harsh realities of world increasingly hostile to their survival. Poaching, hunting, habitat loss
and climate change have pushed countless creatures to the brink of extinction. But with the
carefully crafted enclosures of a zoo, these vulnerable animals find the security and nurturing
environenment needed to thrive. Dedicated caretakers provide proper nutrition, veterinary
attention, and even enrichment activities, mimicking natural habitats and stimulating
instinctive behaviours.

Finally, zoos are not merely sanctuaries, they are active participants in the fight against
extinction. Through carefully coordinated breeding programs, zoos act as matchmakers for
endangered species, bringing individuals together under optimal conditions to reproduce and
sustain their populations. Imagine, for example, two critically endangered rhinos separated
by vast distances in the wild. A zoo can bring them together, providing a controlled
environment conducive to successful breeding, thereby reversing the downward spiral of
their species.

In conclusion, zoos are more than just amusement parks for animal lovers. They are vital
centers of education, crucial strongholds for endangered species, and active participants in
the grand mission of conservation. So, the next time you visit a zoo, rememberm you’re not
just witnessing majestic crearures, you’re contributing to a world where their survival and
ours, is intertwined.

12. LEADER’S CHARACTERISTICS

In the age of competitive market, understanidng chracteristics of a leader is very crucial for
future job. There are some certain traits that needs to be clarify:/ Effective leader is a
complex tapestry woven from various threads, but 3 stand out as particularly vibrant are…
these qualities don’t merely coexist, they interwine, each strengthening the others to create a
powerful force that inspires and drives progress.

- Decisiveness sits at the core of leadership. A leader facing a crossroads cannot

afford to stand frozen. They must gather information, weigh options, and make a
clear, confident choice, even in the face of uncertainty. A decisive leader fosters
stability and inspires trust, knowing that hesitation breeds doubt and confusion.
- Trustworthiness: is the bedrock upon which a leader’s decision rest. A trustworthy
leader walks the talk, aligning their actions with their words and upholding the
highest standards. This enhance a sense of security and loyalty within the team,
knowing that their leader has their best interests at heart.
- Empowerment: they recognize the potential within each member of their team and
provide the tools and opportunities for them to flourish. This involves delegating
tasks effectively, offering guidance and support, and celebrating individual
achievements.
- Vision: it’s not just a destination, but a compelling picture of a better future that
inspires and unites. This vision translates into actionable steps, clear communication,
and a willingness to adapt. It’s the fuel for innovation, the compass that steers
 through challenges. When vision dances with decisiveness, trustworthiness and
empowerment, a leader weaves a tapestry of greatness, leaving a legacy that
transcends results and ignites lasting impact.
 Remember, leadership is a journey, not a destination. These qualities are not innate, they
are honed through experience, reflection, and a constant commitment to self-
improvement.

13. CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION IN BIG CITIES

Pollution in big cities is a complex issue influenced by various factors.

- One of the primary causes is energy production. Many cities rely heavily on fossil
fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas to meet their energy needs for electricity
generation, heating, and cooling. The combustion of these fossil fuels releases
pollutants into the atmosphere, including CO2, Nox, and particualte matter. These
pollutants contribute to air pollution, leading to respiratory problems, smog
formation, and negative impacts on public health.
- Urban geography also plays a siginificant role in exacerbating pollution levels in big
cities. The dense concentration of population and economic activities in urban areas
leads to increased energy consumption and industrial production. As a result, there is
a higher emission of pollutants from various sources such as factories, power plants,
and residential heating systems. Additionally, the compact nature of cities limits air
circulation, trapping pollutants and intensifying their effects.
- Transportation is another major contributor to pollution in big cities. The reliance on
automobiles, trucks, buses and other vehicles for commuting and goods movement
results in significant emissions of pollutants. Traffic congestion exacerbates the
problem, leading to prolonged idling and inefficient fuel combustion. Furthermore,
the expansion of road networks and infrastructure development often leads to habitat
destruction, further impacting the environment.
- In addition to these factors, inadequate waste management practices contribute to
pollution in big cities. Improper disposal of solid waste, including plastics, electronic
waste, and hazardous materials, can lead to soild and water contamination. Lanfills
and incineration facilities release greenhouse gases and toxic pollutants into the air,
soil, and waterways, posing risks to human health and ecosystems.
 Addressing pollution in big cities requires comprehensive strategies that target multiple
sources of pollution. Transitioning to cleaner and renewable energy sources, improving
urban planning and transportation infrastructure, implementing stricter regulations on
emssions and waste disposal, promoting sustainable practices, raising public awareness
are essential steps towards mitigating pollution and fostering healthier and more
sustainable urban environments.
 14. BENEFITS OF SHOPPING ONLINE

In today’s information technology world, shopping online becomes increasingly popular with
people all around the world. This is because it brings so many benefits to us:

- Convinience: we don’t worry about the bad weather conditions or traffic congestion
or any other big problems related to transporting from your home to the store. In fact,
you can stay at home and order any kinds of goods of you like with a simple click
and you can make a purchase any time during the day even late at night./ Door to
door service
- Reasonable prices: I think the cost of selling online should be considerably lower than
having a physical store, so logically I would tell you the prices should reflect that.
Just think about it, there’s less salaries, no rent, you can even use a third party to sell
your products for you focusing your involvement in the production line to
manufacture. That’s what many entrepreneurs or small business owner has discovered
by joining sales sites like Amazon.
- A wide variety of options: in a nutshell, you can find exactly what you need. When
you shop online, you have more options to choose from, not only that but also the
number of distributors increases exponentially, you can buy from someone in your
city, somewhere else in your country or even from someone halfway around the
world. And finally, it becomes a lot easier to compare prices between different
places, so you’re sure to find the best bargain for your buck if you search long
enough.
- Crowds Avoiding

The COVID-19 pandemic forced many of us to revise the way that we approached
everything, from shopping for groceries to enjoying various forms of entertainment.
Avoiding crowds became the norm, and although that may no longer be necessary, it
may be preferable for many shoppers. Visiting shopping malls, especially during high
volume times, also means dealing with traffic and crowds.

When you shop online, not only do you avoid long lines at checkout, but you also save
money on gas, skip roaming the parking lot trying to find a parking space, and avoid all
the associated dings and scrapes on your vehicle.

15. A MANAGER’S RESPONSIBILITY

Managers, the bridge between company vision and its execution, carry a diverse and crucial
set of responsibilities. Four key responsibilities define the essence of a sucessful manager

- Performance Appraisal
 Evaluating an employee’s performance is a vital role of a manager. Through regular
performance appraisals, managers provide constructive feedback, identify strenghths and
weeknesses, and set goals for individual growth. This process not only fosters individual
development but also aligns employee efforts with the team’s objectives.

- Goal setting

Managers play a critical role in setting clear, achievable, and measurable goals for their
teams. These goals, aligned with the organization’s broader vision, provide direction and
motivation for individuals and the team as a whole. Effective goal setting involves
colloboration with team members, ensuring their buy-in and understanding of the
roadmap to success.

- Decision- making

Throughout the course of their day, managers face a multitude of decisions, both big and
small. From resolving conflicts to allocating resources, their choices directly impact the
team and the organization. Effective decision-making necessitates critial thinking, an
ability to weigh different perspectives, and a willingness to take calculated risks.

- Interviewing potential staff

Selecting the right individuals to join the team is a crucial responsibility entrusted to
managers. Through interviews, they assess a candiate’s skills, experience and a cultural
fit for the role and the organization. Asking insight questions, actively listening and
providng clear communication are essential during the interview process.

 In conclusion, a manager’s responsibilities extend far beyond simply overseeing tasks.

They are in charge of cultivating an environment that fosters growth, sets a clear
direction and empowers individuals to achieve their full potential.