ALTERNATING CURRENT ae ee ese af arection of coment chromgys sith tine periodically. suc type 9 cusremt {5 called Alauating Cowreut. i Vv i Ve | LL ao: . How te Prvduw AC CUMment i « ~® Area 4 concluctg loop =A x Ny ge NBA a x x t d=: NBA 6: wt 2) EA pie, ee indica emf (e)= —ad ~ : t our Co eo R AC Voltage AC- Gerunator ay ; @= bo Sin(wy) is sincwor) = tysintwry @= —NBA--Sinceot)- ’ e= NAW Sin Coot)Ayenage Cunrent oy mean Curment:- te th Jiar = fox ¢ts-t) t te . he i fae anaes a Shea (t-) Average of amy cuvnenat fs cupid a ta comstomt De Cument thot enable the same Amount of change poming thnagh o Gswit tn some time fntowa) on trate Cummenth pases tn tt sams Ho fntowal, ee tl G fea. iffnct tar owercye valus betwen t=0 fe t= St te, st. - be SE , -5_ oe fags fF fie “or we “ ~ he fe°-e'] fF = a a (Ge-ty St dah “ St img 2 de fi-e8 a [re] i (@ i= iestn(woy wot= an VDtl2 rw “eS CD fina te average valu 4 too teten A AD ° Ki i= [fosireodar _ f [-eestoo) fo fa [- cos (sox) cose] : Aw J “he find te average valu cumenr for ot T.Aus Cunrent smtont on near (7 one (nae nan ae (2 fi ane a (t-t) ae Rar th if equal wear is aissipated (feat = TE R(t ty bi | by, ia vat ieee (ht (@ ap fz tashn(oot) yi! i Seo lo hwy cosaps I 2sin' Sis B= pa “RUS of Ooy (- cOS28 RMS— Arot mean square ot if inn pte tet cumen Is uid on tu comtont DC Cuneh thar tnowlo tre Some omouunk Of Wok olissipaea tupough aq ‘vesistv fy som Meu fntervo) % trot cuner Ussipates fn Hat Som tg frvfonwod,” fim Jit tet) led Ug . an = MP ishkotbab - iho (sHetar ° A Oo Kl Kloo Pik See Cee oy) «fuser iz and Vpn ©Hot Wire Instruments Instruments based on magnetic effects of current (moving coil galvanometer) ‘cannot measure alternating current. They can measure mean value of current which is zero for AC. So, the instruments used to measure alternating current/emt are based on heating effects of current and they read the rms value of alternating current or emf. . oe ea Alternating Vol tage civeudt fmaugier- U) Posy pecistive Cis ult s- jz ve Vosintwt) Rg R RQ i Jz [pgin(eov ae se Cunnent od voltage both OAL In Sanu phax. Vz Vo SIN Gi) Puonly Copadtive Creuits- c Qe CVo sin(cot) iz dg. cvecoes(ov) ab > ohmic opposite uit. DL omen ey Capacitive Reactome. $e quent leads to Hat voltage lox Alp, Prare voitage Gil) puny Inductive chocult = te faint © V-Ldf =o ak v- Lat (fsincot) =d ott : Ve Lhwus(w) vottage 0 ea) X= WL — ohmic Oppositien Unit > hr (DY he Ls gnauctive Reactome Cee Fevoltog lads to tre Cument ay Mh phar- 2S Xe 2 <2 @ Stine | | ao | | xerty | © @ @ Vz 10 Sin(1ooAt) Vz 10 Sin(lovAt) Vz 10 Sin(lovAt) fina tw fustantantous Comet fn all tru circuits. fe scincioont) Rc civadts 4 Ai Stineot Gar Aa Sin (ot +>) 4: Run(wot +) ReL cry euut - 1 oR is Ssin(toont-*) iz ssin¢isont +4) Rsincwr) Ver fone sin (cot) z Vx-Vy= VetVe 2 Vez fRSin(ewr) + fox sin (cot -4) = f[Rsincou + Xe sin¢wt -4)] eee’ Ve foS RE xe Sin(eot- 6) 2-1 Impedance, = toss! (Xe oo a) Gn an ‘ (@ tabi ceat #4) A ips Vo = Jo -2 v= ((9sin (sont) Zz s Te asin (vat +53) Xe ool uf ie ti sin(cor) ra : 7 Vaz ieRsineot Vee tox sin(wat Ap) Vi Va tv = {i [Asincoot) + x sin cot +1) <1 (rx? Sin (orrd LAY < zlot Kee : lo = 20 7 &= AAFC DAx50x5ST SDK poets Bn GN ° fin tea (i) cument wapough gu circus ve rosin(iort) Ui) voltage across resistor W) voltage qnoss capacitr: si (Xs) = tonsi(4)= $3° tars () tol (4) a= [Regs Sn ely oT io sin(ioomt +53) ~ 5 ("Vee goin Cont + 53) wD) Vee 8sin(iont +53-90) an lle 2 85In(ront - 39) ira Hat (iy ment Hasoughs ea circuit (a Li) yorkage aowss xusstr Vz 1D Sin (isnt) a (i) voltage aar05s Indu chor (3) t= rsintmnt -s3) () Vp: 6.ain Uovnt - 53) Ww) Ve 8 ean ((oom t —$3498) © gf (Isom t 139)RL-c sols Circuit 4- oe ee a Vee bP str(cob) Q u uf aware || a iz fosinton | Vee tex Sin(cot tb) Vez toxe Sin (wt ~%J2) | VE VR4 Way we - if Qsln(eobt xp sin( wot +A) +x, sin (wt mh)] be tow! ( ex) R ve WR xd gin (wot +) be tow (AES Ze [ay (wl- i = JR On x" Power in p-c clveui ts eA IN AC UFCW E is la sin (wt) Ve vosinceot +) Plays Vins tiny = ‘sneer ) ip sin(wt) is Slin(eot), Sin (eat +) . ha +6) in@y b): tab east p-y) - os Q (ata set Puy = el): tae astentey))Dov = Velo (08> P= Ver ve? "q 2 a8 ae P = [Voy / [o\ ws % (£)( é] lym) fo > Vamp fan tase omy ro Wort Cone “Camuar dun fo whic no pry oli SsIpahen fake place” Fag bem Terns x a & 7 {4 Pang = Tomy A a wm x 2 Vom: Varn x 2 4 fang = Vews &j ze Coke toil j= Ve sin(eot -4) L R Jeet | Vge VoR sf (oot) eS ar + re panto) To reds do voltage ass load inoctuchyr {s wartol ow “Choke [bileResonance tn SEA RL C Util qe Vo_ Sin (or +) L A : amr at = | z fp tors (He Xe = iben ; R= (Bom xot (erin eu maximum > tu ‘ lym = Vem. Vorw wt 15 a ——- calld Resrviana 3 JR (xx Ae os f atin Hs tondubn 406 tomy max _ AC and 22k z = mfnimum wun AL= Xe wle L = 2min eRUsd = cosh, a hos Re SRRE Sate pee aes a ae Reo KeD E BR €= 1000S (IDA V R= Vogts (gay = 10 ler Jo =18 Ane 2) i= | watioont +h) 9 $= cau'( 3) 05 (Isvt 437") i Vie 2eng (Iovnt + 37448) Vee 3 eos (IOVAt + YF 90) Va-Ve=z 6 5fn (vat +39) ay ~ asin (isvnt +32) Bin (ISAT + 37) @ = tont(%) dye tows ( find Hus poten Kat Aigjeruace between A oma & ar ta fstour volun ft is Vout Hr source voltage, fixseces (isoret) ] = Coslepat bofir(ievrts 399 tfet oS SOA TKS Efstaieont at 7 rt l Ef(tan wort, el g[Crner= 243] 4 tom (isnt) +3 = 25 € tom (jooRt) =F 24 BS (WoAt=< 24 2 24 JFae Sx24Yo5 = GEV VasRg Ww peseromnn coudiKen X= Xe ols Lt — we OF XA Xt a fo vgw, Pog = Tomy °R Fowg OR Rage onrputar freq uumney for voli du Oweray Power fn Hw civeuit is greats than tualh 4 maximum wer power ts called Band ussoldr, 2 fags fet RP To bt wo 2 = Veep R ( Po1g) nae = Varn. = R (Rg) = 1 Garg) max are ACE Jai AUC 39 WeRe Lx Weis a 2 zB A wis -RO+ [RE 4lLC —@ a #> 2R 4 oe 2 opt OY W229 wer-1L = R a wy (wt-t) Bos at a (wi b= ge A WEL C-wzRC-120 we AW: ROt SRE TALC —O foe us, 2 wat) = & are WC a | wrlc= WiRC Aup= Wee ys ARE = B Le So 3 WL E+ WRAC-1 20 3Owe t Shonpuns of Resonate ciycult. 4 shanpruns oh tat Twonabivg dyuit (Ss move, that nuangs selucBuity % Hu dywit [5 move and we an sa more Bu SAOHPYUNS, Isr “USI! loc Ht Bomd widity Gor —_y Gedy Quality factor: “HOF fc. duff ony tu Yabo 4 enngy stoved in du circuit 1 Me loss cnn, in out Ci ole. + Ratio of wesonaiing frequincy amd Band wilh & cal “Wants jock / Q= We = Wee Wl 2 Ke L, worrespenat’ ao AL oR (RB 4 resonating fro Si A RB Ce eee, ae éPorat ALC creat s- SS o o ae icc Ye Sin(wt-f ) : x ige Vo sh . ¢ Ve. Sin (oot +8 ) | x fe Ine Vo SintwH] pe a o Vevosinwt) = a sinfat-g}e Me Smtr ss) i qe ive ie 1g Sin( oH = Vo L sin(wt -2) 4 Lsingwot4d) +4 sin(ot] Xe 2h Xe 2) oR | sin (cot +4) $e (es) R | + Pere dd Curent asl rs {ke (a) Peo Tead to voltage L, 27 Admittomcr (n") ’ if L >t Cument will Remane tondiben; wha Ho oval ML % Ig Curved) trvougln Ra Ubveuit 's in phan XO% win voltage “oud cond bon 1S Called Deen cue L a Xe —— t Kerk WE L