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Chemistry Functional Groups Guide

The document lists common functional groups found in organic compounds and provides examples of each. It describes 18 different functional groups including alcohols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, esters, alkanes, ethers, alkenes, ketones, alkyl halides, nitriles, alkynes, sulfides, amides, thiols, amines, anhydrides, and thioesters. Each entry provides a general structure and example compound to illustrate the functional group.

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888 views1 page

Chemistry Functional Groups Guide

The document lists common functional groups found in organic compounds and provides examples of each. It describes 18 different functional groups including alcohols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, esters, alkanes, ethers, alkenes, ketones, alkyl halides, nitriles, alkynes, sulfides, amides, thiols, amines, anhydrides, and thioesters. Each entry provides a general structure and example compound to illustrate the functional group.

Uploaded by

zeeshan876
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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COMMON FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Type of Compound General Structure O Acid chloride R C Cl CH3 Example O C Cl COCl Aromatic compound phenyl group Functional Group Type of Compound General Structure Example Functional Group

Alcohol

R OH

CH3 OH

OH hydroxy group

Carboxylic acid

O R C OH CH3

O C OH

COOH carboxy group

O Aldehyde R C H CH3

O C H C O carbonyl group Ester R

O C OR CH3

O C OCH3 COOR

Alkane

R H

CH3CH3

Ether

R O R

CH3 O CH3

OR alkoxy group

H Alkene C C H C C

H double bond H Ketone R

O C R CH3

O C CH3 C O carbonyl group

Alkyl halide

R X (X = F, Cl, Br, I)

CH3 Br

X halo group

Nitrile

R C N

CH3 C N

C N cyano group

Alkyne

C C

H C C H

triple bond

Sulfide

R S R

CH3 S CH3

SR alkylthio group

O Amide R C N H (or R) CH3

O C NH2

H (or R)

CONH2, CONHR, CONR2

Thiol

R SH

CH3 SH

SH mercapto group

O Amine R NH2 or R2NH or R3N O Anhydride R C O O C R CH3 CH3 NH2 NH2 amino group O C CH3 O O C Thioester R C SR CH3

O C SCH3 COSR

O C O

O C

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