**Physics Class Notes**
---
### **Chapter 1: Introduction to
Physics**
1. **What is Physics?**
- Physics is the study of matter,
energy, and the interactions
between them.
- It aims to explain the
fundamental forces of nature and
how the universe behaves.
2. **Branches of Physics:**
- **Classical Mechanics:** Study
of the motion of objects.
- **Thermodynamics:** Study of
heat and temperature.
- **Electromagnetism:** Study of
electric and magnetic fields.
- **Quantum Mechanics:** Study
of particles at atomic and
subatomic scales.
- **Relativity:** Study of space,
time, and gravity.
---
### **Chapter 2: Motion and
Forces**
1. **Kinematics:**
- Study of motion without
considering its causes.
- Key concepts:
- **Displacement:** Distance
moved in a specific direction.
- **Velocity (v):** Rate of change
of displacement; **v = d/t** (where
d is displacement and t is time).
- **Acceleration (a):** Rate of
change of velocity; **a = (v_f - v_i)/
t**.
2. **Newton’s Laws of Motion:**
- **First Law (Inertia):** An object
will remain at rest or move in a
straight line unless acted upon by a
force.
- **Second Law:** Force equals
mass times acceleration; **F =
ma**.
- **Third Law:** For every action,
there is an equal and opposite
reaction.
3. **Types of Forces:**
- **Gravitational Force:**
Attraction between two objects with
mass.
- **Frictional Force:** Opposes
the motion of objects sliding
against each other.
- **Normal Force:** Perpendicular
force exerted by a surface on an
object resting on it.
- **Tension Force:** Force in a
rope or cable when it is pulled tight.
---
### **Chapter 3: Work, Energy, and
Power**
1. **Work (W):**
- Work is done when a force
moves an object over a distance.
- **W = F × d × cos(θ)** (where F
is the force, d is the displacement,
and θ is the angle between force
and displacement).
2. **Energy:**
- **Kinetic Energy (KE):** Energy
of motion; **KE = ½ mv²** (where
