Basic Concepts of Algebra
Variables: In algebra, letters like
x,
y, or
z are used to represent unknown values. For example, in the equation
10
x+5=10,
x is the variable.
Constants: These are fixed values that do not change. In the equation
10
3x+4=10, the numbers 3, 4, and 10 are constants.
Expressions: An algebraic expression is a combination of variables, constants, and operations (like
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division). For instance,
2
𝑥
2x+3y−5 is an expression.
Equations: An equation states that two expressions are equal. For example,
10
3x+4=10 is an equation. Solving the equation involves finding the value of the variable that makes the
equation true.
Examples
Example 1: Solving a Simple Equation
Equation:
x+3=7
Solution:
Subtract 3 from both sides:
x+3−3=7−3
This simplifies to:
x=4
Example 2: Distributing and Combining Like Terms
Expression:
2(3x+4)−5
Solution:
Distribute
2:
2⋅3x+2⋅4−5=6x+8−5
Combine like terms:
3
6x+3
Example 3: Solving a Quadratic Equation
Equation:
−5x+6=0
Solution:
Factor the quadratic:
)
=
(x−2)(x−3)=0
Set each factor to zero:
x−2=0⇒x=2
x−3=0⇒x=3
So, the solutions are
x=2 and
𝑥
x=3.
Example 4: Using Algebra in Word Problems
Problem: If a rectangle has a length of
2x and a width of
x+3, what is the area of the rectangle?
Solution:
Area formula for a rectangle:
×
𝑤
Area=length×width
Area=2x⋅(x+3)
Distribute:
2
+
Area=2x
+6x
Conclusion
Algebra is a fundamental mathematical tool that helps us model and solve a variety of problems. By
understanding its concepts and techniques, we can approach complex problems with confidence. If you
have any specific topics or further questions, feel free to ask!
