File:Problem 1_new.

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EES Ver. 11.626: #6461: For use only by students and faculty Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Cincinnat

"Problem 1"
"Given"
T_h_i = converttemp(C,K,427[C])
T_c_i = converttemp(C,K,25[C])
m_dot_h = 0.2 [kg/s]
m_dot_c = 0.3 [kg/s]
q_dot = 55000 [W]
d_c = 0.0254 [m]
d_h = 0.0635 [m]
th_w = 0.0016 [m]

"Design Parameters"
A_c_c = (pi*(d_c^2))/4 "Inner tube cross sectional area"

A_c_h = (pi*(d_h^2))/4 - (pi*((d_c+(2*th_w))^2))/4 "Annulus cross sectional area"

A_s_h = pi*(d_c + (2*th_w))*L "Surface area at hot side, we need to find L"

A_s_c = pi*d_c*L "Surface area at cold side, we need to find L"

"Avg Temperatures"
T_avg = (T_h_i + T_c_i)/2

T_avg_h = (T_h_i + T_h_o)/2

T_avg_c = (T_c_i + T_c_o)/2

"Finding C_p at T_avg temperature to find the outlet temperatures"

c_p_h = 1045 [J/kg*K] "Iterated twice to find the convergence"

c_p_c = 4180 [J/kg*K] "Iterated twice to find the convergence"

"Finding outlet temperatures"

C_h = m_dot_h*c_p_h

C_c = m_dot_c*c_p_c

q_dot = C_h*(T_h_i - T_h_o)

q_dot = C_c*(T_c_o - T_c_i)

"Iterating the process above with fluid properties evaluated at the avg inlet and outlet temperatures for both hot and cold side
accordingly"

"Bulk temperature calculations"

T_b_c = (T_c_i + T_c_o)/2

T_LMTD = (((T_h_i - T_c_o)) - (T_h_o - T_c_i)) / (ln(((T_h_i - T_c_o) / (T_h_o - T_c_i))))

T_b_h = T_b_c + T_LMTD

"Based on bulk temperatures, finding fluid and pipe properties"

Mu_h_b = 2.849e-5 [kg/m*s]
Mu_c_b = 5.7790e-4 [kg/m*s]
Rho_h = 0.6418 [kg/m*m*m]
Rho_c = 989.45 [kg/m*m*m]
Pr_h = 0.680 [-]
Pr_c = 3.8405 [-]
k_h = 0.043570 [W/k*m]
k_c = 0.6369 [W/K*m]
k_w = 36 [W/k*m]
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"Part A"

"Finding C_star"
C_min = C_h
C_max = C_c
C_star = C_min/C_max

"Finding q_max"
q_dot_max = C_min*(T_h_i - T_c_i)

"Finding Effectiveness Epsilon"

Epsilon = q_dot / q_dot_max

"Calculating NTU and UA from effectiveness and C star for a counter flow arrangement"
NTU = (1/(1-C_star))*(ln((1-(Epsilon*C_star))/(1-Epsilon)))

UA = NTU*C_min

"Reynold's number on hot side"

dh_h = d_h - (d_c + (2*th_w)) "Hydraulic diameter at the annulus region"

Re_h = (m_dot_h*dh_h)/(Mu_h_b*A_c_h) "Turbulent flow"

"Fanning friction factor, Nusselt Number and heat transfer coefficient on hot side"
r_star = (d_c + (2*th_w))/(d_h)

f_h = 0.934*(1 + (0.0925*r_star))*((1.7372*ln((Re_h)/((1.964*ln(Re_h)) - 3.8215)))^(-2))

correction_f_h = ((T_h_w/T_b_h)^0.14) "correction = 0.934"

correction_Nusselt_h = ((T_b_h/T_h_w)^0.25) "correction = 1.13"
"First iteration, assume the correction factor to be 1 and then find wall temperatures. From the estimated wall temperature, choose
the appropriate correction factor"

Nusselt_h = (0.0225*(Re_h^0.795)*(Pr_h^0.495)*1.13*exp(-0.0225*(ln(Pr_h))^2)*((1+(0.8*(r_star^(-0.16)))^15)^(1/15)))

h_h = (Nusselt_h*k_h)/dh_h

q_dot = (h_h*A_s_h*(T_b_h - T_h_w)) "Determining hot side wall temperature for length L"

"Reynold's number on cold side"

dh_c = d_c

Re_c = (m_dot_c*dh_c)/(Mu_c_b*A_c_c) "Turbulent flow"

"Fanning friction factor, Nusselt Number and heat transfer coefficient on cold side"
f_c = 1.007*((1.58*ln(Re_c)) - 3.28)^(-2)

correction_f_c = ((T_c_w/T_b_c)^0.14) "correction = 1.007"

correction_Nusselt_c = ((T_b_c/T_c_w)^0.25) "correction = 0.9878"

Nusselt_c = ((f_c/2)*(Re_c - 1000)*Pr_c*0.9878)/(1 + (12.7*(sqrt(f_c/2))*((Pr_c^(2/3))-1)))

h_c = (Nusselt_c*k_c)/dh_c

q_dot = (h_c*A_s_c*(T_c_w - T_b_c)) "Determining cold side wall temperature for length L"

"Wall resistance"
R_w = (ln((d_c + (2*th_w))/d_c))/(2*pi*k_w*L)
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"Using the formula for UA to find L"

(1/UA) = (1/(h_h*A_s_h)) + R_w + (1/(h_c*A_s_c))

"Darcy Friction factor f_d"

f_d_h = 4*f_h
f_d_c = 4*f_c

"Darcy Weisbach Equation to estimate the presuure drop for the calculated L"
P_delta_h = (f_d_h*L*(m_dot_h^2))/(2*dh_h*Rho_h*(A_c_h^2)) "pressure drop hot side"

P_delta_c = (f_d_c*L*(m_dot_c^2))/(2*dh_c*Rho_c*(A_c_c^2)) "pressure drop cold side"

"Part B"

"given fin parameters"

L_f = 0.0165 [m]
th_f = 0.0009 [m]
N = 16 [-]

"Fin parameter m"

P_f = 2*(L_finned + th_f)
A_c_f = L_finned*th_f
m_f = sqrt((h_h_finned*P_f)/(k_w*A_c_f))

"Condition for modelling convective tip fin to an adiabatic tip fin"

condition = sqrt((h_h_finned*th_f)/(2*k_w)) "less than 0.5 by an order of magnitude"

"Correction of Length of fin"

L_cf = L_f + (th_f/2)

"Fin efficiency eta_f"

eta_f = (tanh(m_f*L_cf))/(m_f*L_cf)

A_s_f = ((2*L_f) + th_f)*(N*L_finned)

A_o_h =A_s_f + ((pi*(d_c + (2*th_w))) - (N*th_f))*L_finned "Fin surface area + outer surface area of the inner tube - fin area
already accounted for in the outer surface area of the inner tube"

"Fin effectiveness"
eta_o = 1 - ((A_s_f/A_o_h)*(1-eta_f))

"Now using updated UA formula with fins to find L_finned"

R_wf = (ln((d_c + (2*th_w))/d_c))/(2*pi*k_w*L_finned)

A_s_cf = (pi*d_c*L_finned)

"Calculating new h on hot side"

A_c_h_f = A_c_h - (N*L_f*th_f) "here effective cross sectional area is equal to area of annulus - N*cross sectional (to fluid flow)
area of fin"

dh_h_finned = (4*A_c_h_f) / (pi*(d_h + d_c + (2*th_w)) + (2*N*L_f) - (N*th_f)) "hydraulic diameter will change because of the fins.
The effective area is considered and the effective perimeter will be (perimeter of the annular region + 2*N*length of fin - N
*thickness of fin). This is only for calculating hydraulic diameter and Reynold's number"

Re_h_finned = (m_dot_h*dh_h_finned)/(Mu_h_b*A_c_h_f)

"Fanning friction factor, Nusselt Number and heat transfer coefficient on hot side"
f_h_finned = (0.9494)*(1 + (0.0925*r_star))*((1.7372*ln((Re_h_finned)/((1.964*ln(Re_h_finned)) - 3.8215)))^(-2))

correction_f_h_finned = ((T_h_w_finned/T_b_h)^0.14) "correction = 0.9494"

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correction_Nusselt_h_finned = ((T_b_h/T_h_w_finned)^0.25) "correction = 1.097"

"First iteration, assume the Mu correction factor to be 1 and then find wall temperatures. From the estimated wall temperature,
choose the appropriate correction factor"

Nusselt_h_finned = (0.0225*(Re_h_finned^0.795)*(Pr_h^0.495)*1.097*exp(-0.0225*(ln(Pr_h))^2)*((1+(0.8*(r_star^(-0.16)))^15)^(1
/15)))

h_h_finned = (Nusselt_h_finned*k_h)/dh_h_finned

q_dot = (h_h_finned*A_o_h*eta_o*(T_b_h - T_h_w_finned)) "Determining wall temperature for length L_finned"

f_c_finned = 1.024*((1.58*ln(Re_c)) - 3.28)^(-2)

correction_f_c_finned = ((T_c_w_finned/T_b_c)^0.14) "correction = 1.024"

correction_Nusselt_c_finned = ((T_b_c/T_c_w_finned)^0.25) "correction = 0.9592"

Nusselt_c_finned = ((f_c_finned/2)*(Re_c - 1000)*Pr_c*0.9592)/(1 + (12.7*(sqrt(f_c_finned/2))*((Pr_c^(2/3))-1)))

h_c_finned = (Nusselt_c_finned*k_c)/dh_c

q_dot = (h_c_finned*A_s_cf*(T_c_w_finned - T_b_c))

(1/UA) = (1/(h_h_finned*A_o_h*eta_o)) + R_w + (1/(h_c_finned*A_s_cf))

"Darcy Friction factor f_d"

f_d_h_finned = 4*f_h_finned

f_d_c_finned = 4*f_c_finned

"Darcy Weisbach Equation to estimate the presuure drop for the calculated L_finned"
P_delta_h_finned = (f_d_h_finned*L_finned*(m_dot_h^2))/(2*dh_h_finned*Rho_h*(A_c_h_f^2)) "pressure drop hot side with fins
and Length L_finned"

P_delta_c_finned = (f_d_c_finned*L_finned*(m_dot_c^2))/(2*dh_c*Rho_c*(A_c_c^2)) "pressure drop cold side with fins and

Length L_finned"
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Problem 1

Given

T h,i = ConvertTemp C , K 427 [C]

T c,i = ConvertTemp C , K 25 [C]

m h = 0.2 [kg/s]

m c = 0.3 [kg/s]

q = 55000 [W]

d c = 0.0254 [m]

d h = 0.0635 [m]

th w = 0.0016 [m]

Design Parameters

2
p · dc
A c,c = Inner tube cross sectional area
4

2 2
p · dh p · d c + 2 · th w
A c,h = – Annulus cross sectional area
4 4

A s,h = p · d c + 2 · th w · L Surface area at hot side, we need to find L

A s,c = p · d c · L Surface area at cold side, we need to find L

Avg Temperatures

T h,i + T c,i
T avg =
2

T h,i + T h,o
T avg,h =
2

T c,i + T c,o
T avg,c =
2

Finding Cp at Tavg temperature to find the outlet temperatures

c p,h = 1045 [J/kg*K] Iterated twice to find the convergence

c p,c = 4180 [J/kg*K] Iterated twice to find the convergence

Finding outlet temperatures

C h = m h · c p,h

C c = m c · c p,c

q = Ch · T h,i – T h,o

q = Cc · T c,o – T c,i

Iterating the process above with fluid properties evaluated at the avg inlet and outlet temperatures for both hot and cold
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side
accordingly

Bulk temperature calculations

T c,i + T c,o
T b,c =
2

T h,i – T c,o – T h,o – T c,i

T LMTD =
T h,i – T c,o
ln
T h,o – T c,i

T b,h = T b,c + T LMTD

Based on bulk temperatures, finding fluid and pipe properties

m h,b = 0.00002849 [kg/m*s]

m c,b = 0.0005779 [kg/m*s]

r h = 0.6418 [kg/m*m*m]

r c = 989.45 [kg/m*m*m]

Pr h = 0.68 [-]

Pr c = 3.8405 [-]

k h = 0.04357 [W/k*m]

k c = 0.6369 [W/k*m]

k w = 36 [W/k*m]

Part A

Finding Cstar

C min = Ch

C max = Cc

C min
C star =
C max

Finding qmax

q max = C min · T h,i – T c,i

Finding Effectiveness Epsilon

q
e =
q max

Calculating NTU and UA from effectiveness and C star for a counter flow arrangement

1 1 – e · C star
NTU = · ln
1 – C star 1 – e
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UA = NTU · C min

Reynold's number on hot side

dh h = d h – d c + 2 · th w Hydraulic diameter at the annulus region

m h · dh h
Re h = Turbulent flow
m h,b · A c,h

Fanning friction factor, Nusselt Number and heat transfer coefficient on hot side

d c + 2 · th w
r star =
dh

– 2
Re h
f h = 0.934 · 1 + 0.0925 · r star · 1.7372 · ln
1.964 · ln Re h – 3.8215

0.14
T h,w
correction f,h = correction = 0.934
T b,h

0.25
T b,h
correction Nusselt,h = correction = 1.13
T h,w

First iteration, assume the correction factor to be 1 and then find wall temperatures. From the estimated wall temperature,
choose the appropriate correction factor

0.795 0.495 2 – 0.16 15 15

Nusselt h = 0.0225 · Re h · Pr h · 1.13 · exp – 0.0225 · ln Pr h · 1 + 0.8 · r star

Nusselt h · k h
hh =
dh h

q = h h · A s,h · T b,h – T h,w Determining hot side wall temperature for length L

Reynold's number on cold side

dh c = d c

m c · dh c
Re c = Turbulent flow
m c,b · A c,c

Fanning friction factor, Nusselt Number and heat transfer coefficient on cold side

– 2
f c = 1.007 · 1.58 · ln Re c – 3.28

0.14
T c,w
correction f,c = correction = 1.007
T b,c

0.25
T b,c
correction Nusselt,c = correction = 0.9878
T c,w

fc
· Re c – 1000 · Pr c · 0.9878
2
Nusselt c =
fc 2 / 3
1 + 12.7 · · Pr c – 1
2
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Nusselt c · k c
hc =
dh c

q = h c · A s,c · T c,w – T b,c Determining cold side wall temperature for length L

Wall resistance

d c + 2 · th w
ln
dc
Rw =
2 · p · kw · L

Using the formula for UA to find L

1 1 1
= + Rw +
UA h h · A s,h h c · A s,c

Darcy Friction factor fd

f d,h = 4 · f h

f d,c = 4 · f c

Darcy Weisbach Equation to estimate the presuure drop for the calculated L

2
f d,h · L · m h
P d,h = pressure drop hot side
2
2 · dh h · r h · A c,h

2
f d,c · L · m c
P d,c = pressure drop cold side
2
2 · dh c · r c · A c,c

Part B

given fin parameters

L f = 0.0165 [m]

th f = 0.0009 [m]

N = 16 [-]

Fin parameter m

Pf = 2 · L finned + th f

A c,f = L finned · th f

h h,finned · P f
mf =
k w · A c,f

Condition for modelling convective tip fin to an adiabatic tip fin

h h,finned · th f
condition = less than 0.5 by an order of magnitude
2 · kw

Correction of Length of fin

th f
L cf = L f +
2
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Fin efficiency etaf

tanh m f · L cf
hf =
m f · L cf

A s,f = 2 · L f + th f · N · L finned

A o,h = A s,f + p · d c + 2 · th w – N · th f · L finned Fin surface area + outer surface area of the inner tube
- fin area already accounted for in the outer surface
area of the inner tube

Fin effectiveness

A s,f
ho = 1 – · 1 – hf
A o,h

Now using updated UA formula with fins to find Lfinned

d c + 2 · th w
ln
dc
R wf =
2 · p · k w · L finned

A s,cf = p · d c · L finned

Calculating new h on hot side

A c,h,f = A c,h – N · L f · th f here effective cross sectional area is equal to area of annulus - N*cross sectional (to fluid
flow) area of fin

4 · A c,h,f
dh h,finned =
p · d h + d c + 2 · th w + 2 · N · L f – N · th f

hydraulic diameter will change because of the fins. The effective area is considered and the effective perimeter will be
(perimeter of the annular region + 2*N*length of fin - N*thickness of fin). This is only for calculating hydraulic diameter and
Reynold's number

m h · dh h,finned
Re h,finned =
m h,b · A c,h,f

Fanning friction factor, Nusselt Number and heat transfer coefficient on hot side

– 2
Re h,finned
f h,finned = 0.9494 · 1 + 0.0925 · r star · 1.7372 · ln
1.964 · ln Re h,finned – 3.8215

0.14
T h,w,finned
correction f,h,finned = correction = 0.9494
T b,h

0.25
T b,h
correction Nusselt,h,finned = correction = 1.097
T h,w,finned

First iteration, assume the Mu correction factor to be 1 and then find wall temperatures. From the estimated wall temperature,
choose the appropriate correction factor

0.795 0.495 2
Nusselt h,finned = 0.0225 · Re h,finned · Pr h · 1.097 · exp – 0.0225 · ln Pr h · 1 + 0.8
1

– 0.16 15 15
· r star
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Nusselt h,finned · k h
h h,finned =
dh h,finned

q = h h,finned · A o,h · h o · T b,h – T h,w,finned Determining wall temperature for length Lfinned

– 2
f c,finned = 1.024 · 1.58 · ln Re c – 3.28

0.14
T c,w,finned
correction f,c,finned = correction = 1.024
T b,c

0.25
T b,c
correction Nusselt,c,finned = correction = 0.9592
T c,w,finned

f c,finned
· Re c – 1000 · Pr c · 0.9592
2
Nusselt c,finned =
f c,finned 2 / 3
1 + 12.7 · · Pr c – 1
2

Nusselt c,finned · k c
h c,finned =
dh c

q = h c,finned · A s,cf · T c,w,finned – T b,c

1 1 1
= + Rw +
UA h h,finned · A o,h · h o h c,finned · A s,cf

Darcy Friction factor fd

f d,h,finned = 4 · f h,finned

f d,c,finned = 4 · f c,finned

Darcy Weisbach Equation to estimate the presuure drop for the calculated Lfinned

2
f d,h,finned · L finned · m h
P d,h,finned = pressure drop hot side with fins and Length Lfinned
2
2 · dh h,finned · r h · A c,h,f

2
f d,c,finned · L finned · m c
P d,c,finned = pressure drop cold side with fins and Length Lfinned
2
2 · dh c · r c · A c,c
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SOLUTION
Unit Settings: SI C kPa kJ mass deg
Ac,c = 0.0005067 [m*m] Ac,f = 0.003005 [m*m]
Ac,h = 0.002524 [m*m] Ac,h,f = 0.002287 [m*m]
Ao,h = 2.063 [m*m] As,c = 0.9391 [m*m]
As,cf = 0.2664 [m*m] As,f = 1.811 [m*m]
As,h = 1.057 [m*m] condition = 0.06353 [-]
correctionf,c = 1.007 [-] correctionf,c,finned = 1.024 [-]
correctionf,h = 0.934 [-] correctionf,h,finned = 0.9494 [-]
correctionNusselt,c = 0.9878 [-] correctionNusselt,c,finned = 0.9593 [-]
correctionNusselt,h = 1.13 [-] correctionNusselt,h,finned = 1.097 [-]
Cc = 1254 [W/K] Ch = 209 [W/K]
Cmax = 1254 [W/K] Cmin = 209 [W/K]
cp,c = 4180 [J/kg*K] cp,h = 1045 [J/kg*K]
Cstar = 0.1667 [-] dhc = 0.0254 [m]
dhh = 0.0349 [m] dhh,finned = 0.01139 [m]
dc = 0.0254 [m] dh = 0.0635 [m]
e = 0.6546 [-] hf = 0.4109 [-]
ho = 0.4829 [-] fc = 0.006162 [-]
fc,finned = 0.006266 [-] fd,c = 0.02465 [-]
fd,c,finned = 0.02506 [-] fd,h = 0.01763 [-]
fd,h,finned = 0.02243 [-] fh = 0.004407 [-]
fh,finned = 0.005606 [-] hc = 3624 [W/m*m*K]
hc,finned = 3563 [W/m*m*K] hh = 244.4 [W/m*m*K]
hh,finned = 322.9 [W/m*m*K] kc = 0.6369 [W/K*m]
kh = 0.04357 [W/k*m] kw = 36 [W/k*m]
L = 11.77 [m] Lcf = 0.01695 [m]
Lf = 0.0165 [m] Lfinned = 3.338 [m]
mc,b = 0.0005779 [kg/m*s] mh,b = 0.00002849 [kg/m*s]
mc = 0.3 [kg/s] mh = 0.2 [kg/s]
mf = 141.2 [1/m] N = 16 [-]
NTU = 1.137 [-] Nusseltc = 144.5 [-]
Nusseltc,finned = 142.1 [-] Nusselth = 195.8 [-]
Nusselth,finned = 84.43 [-] Prc = 3.841 [-]
Prh = 0.68 [-] Pd,c = 2023 [N/m*m]
Pd,c,finned = 583.6 [N/m*m] Pd,h = 29067 [N/m*m]
Pd,h,finned = 39157 [N/m*m] Pf = 6.679 [m]
q = 55000 [W] qmax = 84018 [W]
Rec = 26022 [-] Reh = 97048 [-]
Reh,finned = 34971 [-] rc = 989.5 [kg/m*m*m]
rh = 0.6418 [kg/m*m*m] rstar = 0.4504 [-]
Rw = 0.00004457 [K/W] Rwf = 0.0001571 [K/W]
thf = 0.0009 [m] thw = 0.0016 [m]
Tavg = 499.2 [K] Tavg,c = 320.1 [K]
Tavg,h = 568.6 [K] Tb,c = 320.1 [K]
Tb,h = 551.5 [K] Tc,i = 298.2 [K]
Tc,o = 342 [K] Tc,w = 336.2 [K]
Tc,w,finned = 378 [K] Th,i = 700.2 [K]
Th,o = 437 [K] Th,w = 338.7 [K]
Th,w,finned = 380.5 [K] TLMTD = 231.4 [K]
UA = 237.7 [W/K]

No unit problems were detected.