CHAPTER-9

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
04 MARKS TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. NO QUESTION MARK
1. rate of increase in the number of bacteria in a certain bacteria culture is proportional to the 4
number present. Given that the number triples in 5 hours
∫ 1
(i)The value 𝑑𝑥
𝑘𝑥
1
(a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔⁡𝑥| + 𝑐 (b)𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔⁡|𝑘𝑥| ⁡ + 𝑐 (c)𝑘 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔⁡|𝑥| ⁡ + 𝑐 (d) none
(ii) If ‘N’ is the number of bacteria, the corresponding differential equation is ___________.
𝑑𝑁
(a) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑘𝑡
𝑑𝑁
(b) = 𝑘𝑁
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑘
(c) =𝑁
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑘
(d) =𝑡
𝑑𝑁

(iii) The general solution is

(a) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔⁡|𝑁| ⁡ = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝑐
(b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔⁡𝑁𝑡⁡⁡| = 𝑘 + 𝑐
(c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔⁡|𝑁| ⁡ = 𝑡
(d) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔⁡|𝑘𝑡| ⁡ = 𝑁 + 𝑐
(iv)The bacteria become 10 times in _____________ hours.
(a) 5𝑙𝑜𝑔7
5𝑙𝑜𝑔10
(b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔3
5
(c) 𝑙𝑜𝑔3
(d) none
2. 4

It is known that, if the interest is compounded continuously, the principal changes at the rate
equal to the produd’ of the rate of bank interest per annum and the principal. Let P denotes
the principal at any time t and rate of interest be r % per annum
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
𝑑𝑝
(i) Find the value of 𝑑𝑡
𝑝𝑟 𝑝𝑟 𝑝𝑟 𝑝𝑟
(a)1000 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡(𝑏)⁡ 100 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡(𝑐) 20 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡(𝑑) 20

(ii). If 𝑃0 be the initial principal, then find the solution of differential equation formed
in given situation.
𝑝 𝑟𝑡 𝑝 𝑟𝑡 𝑝 𝑟
(a)log 𝑝 = 100 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡(𝑏) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔⁡ (𝑝 ) ⁡ = 10 ⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡(𝑐) ⁡ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑔⁡ (𝑝 ) ⁡ = 20 ⁡⁡(𝑑)𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑒
0 0 0
(iii)If the interest is compounded continuously at 5% per annum, in how many years will
 Rs.100 double itself?
(a) 12.728 years (b) 14.789 years (c) 13.862 years (d) 15.872 years
(iv)How much will Rs.1000 be worth at 5% interest after 10 years? (e0.5 = 1.648).
(a) Rs.1648 (b) Rs 1500 (c) Rs 1664 (d) Rs 1572
3. 4

A rumour on whatsapp spreads in a population of 5000 people at a rate proportional to the

product of the number of people who have heard it and the number of people who have not.
Also, it is given that 100 people initiate the rumour and a total of 500 people know the
rumour after 2 days.
(i)If yet denote the number of people who know the rumour at an instant t, then maximum
value of y(t) is
(a) 500 (b) 100 (c) 5000 (d) none of these
𝑑𝑦
(ii) ⁡𝑖𝑠⁡𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙⁡𝑡𝑜
𝑑𝑡
(a)(y – 5000) (b) y(y – 500) (c) y(500 – y) (d) y(5000 – y)
(iii) The value of y(0) is
(a)100 (b) 500 (c) 600 (d) 200
(iv) The value of y(2) is
(a)100 (b) 500 (c) 600 (d) 200

4. Polio drops are delivered to 50K children in a district. The rate at which polio drops are given is 4
directly proportional to the number of children who have not been administered the drops. By the
end of 2nd week half the children have been given the polio drops. How many will have been given
the drops by the end of 3rd week can be estimated using the solution to the differential equation
𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = K (50 − y) where x denotes the number of weeks and y the number of children who have
been given the drops.
1. State the order of the above given differential equation.
2. Which method of solving a differential equation can be used to solve 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = k (50 − y)
a) Variable separable method
b) Solving Homogeneous differential equation
c) Solving Linear differential equation
d) All of the above
3. The solution of the differential equation 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = k (50 − y) is given by,
a) log | 50 – y| = kx + C
b) - log | 50 – y| = kx + C
c) log | 50 – y| = log| kx |+ C
d) 50 – y = kx + C
4. The value of c in the particular solution given that y(0)=0 and k = 0.049 is :
a) log 50
 b) log 1 50
c) 50
d) -50
5. Which of the following solutions may be used to find the number of children who have
been given the polio drops?
a) y = 50 – 𝑒𝑘𝑥
b) y = 50 − 𝑒 −𝑘𝑥
c) y = 50 (1 – 𝑒 −𝑘 )
d) y = 50
(𝑒𝑘𝑥– 1)

5. A Veterinary doctor was examining a sick cat brought by a pet lover. When it was brought to the 4
hospital, it was already dead. The pet lover wanted to find its time of death. He took the
temperature of the cat at 11.30 pm which was 94.6 ○F. He took the temperature again after one
hour; the temperature was lower than the first observation. It was 93.4 ○F. The room in which the
cat was put is always at 70 ○F. The normal temperature of the cat was 98.6 ○F when it was alive. The
doctor estimated the time of death using Newton law of cooling which is governed by the
differential equation:𝑑𝑇𝑑𝑡∝ (T − 70), where 70 ○F is the room temperature and T is the temperature
of the object at time t. Substituting the two different observations of T and t made, in the solution of
the differential equation 𝑑𝑇𝑑𝑡 = 𝑘(T − 70) where k is a constant
of proportion, time of death is calculated.
1) 1) State the degree of the above given differential equation.
2) 2) Which method of solving a differential equation helped in calculation of the time of
death?
a) Variable separable method
b) Solving Homogeneous differential equation
c) Solving Linear differential equation
d) all of the above
3) If the temperature was measured 2 hours after 11.30pm, will the time of death change?
(Yes/No)
4) The solution of the differential equation 𝑑𝑇𝑑𝑡 = 𝑘(T − 70) is given by,
a) log | T – 70| = kt + C
b) log | T – 70| = log |kt |+ C c) T – 70 = kt + C
d) T – 70 = kt C
5) If t = 0 when T is 72, then the value of c is
a) -2 b) 0 c) 2 d) Log 2

6. In a bank, principal increases continuously at the rate of 5% per year. In how many years Rs 4
1000 double itself?

7. Solve the differential equation: 4

𝑦 𝑦
(xdy-ydx)y sin( )=(ydx+xdy)x cos( ).
𝑥 𝑥
8. 𝑑𝑦 4
Find a particular solution of the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑦⁡𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥⁡; 𝑦 =
𝜋
0⁡𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛⁡𝑥 = 3 .
9. In a bank, principal increases continuously at the rate of r% per year. Find the value of r if Rs 4
100 double itself in 10 years(loge2=0.6931).
10. 𝑑𝑦 𝑥+𝑦⁡𝑐𝑜𝑠⁡𝑥⁡ 4
Find the particular solution of the differential equation = − , given that 𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛⁡𝑥⁡
1⁡𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛⁡𝑥 = 0
11. Solve the differential equation 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥, given that 𝑦 = 0⁡𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛⁡𝑥 = 1 4
12. Find the particular solution of the differential equation 4
 𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑦
= , given that 𝑦 = 1 when 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2

13. In a bank, principal increases continuously at the rate of 5% per year. In how 4
many years Rs 1000 double itself ?

14. A Veterinary doctor was examining a sick cat brought by a pet lover.When it was brought to 4
the hospital, it was already dead.The pet lover wanted to find its time of death. He took the
temperature of the cat at 11:30pm which wass 94.6∘ 𝐹.⁡He took the temperature again after
1h; the temperature was lower than the first observation .It was 93.4∘ 𝐹. The room in which
the cat was put is always at 70∘ 𝐹.The normal temperature of the cat is taken as 98.6∘ 𝐹when
it was alive .
The doctor estimated the time of time of death using Newton law of cooling which is
𝑑𝑇
governed by the differential equation : 𝑑𝑡 ∝ (𝑇 – 70),where 70∘ 𝐹is the room temperature and
Tis the temperature of object at time t.
Substituting the two different observations of Tand t made, in the solution of the differential
𝑑𝑇
equation 𝑑𝑡 = k(T – 70), where k is a constant ofproportion, time of death is calculated.
Answer the following questions using the above information.
(i)The degree of the above given differential equation is
(a)0 (b)1 (c)2 (d)3

(ii)If the temperature was measured 2h after 11:30pm, will time of death change?
(a)Yes (b)No
(c)Can’t say (d)None of these

(iii)The solution of the differential equation

𝑑𝑇
= k(T- 70)is given by,
𝑑𝑡
(a)log|𝑇-70| =kt + C
(b)log|T-70| = log|kt| + C
(c)T-70 = kt + C
(d) t- 70 = kT + C

(iv)If t =0 when T is 72, then the value of C is

(a)-2 (b)0 (c)2 (d)log2
15. 𝑑𝑦 4
Consider the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 + 2ytanx = sinx.
Answer the following questions which are based on above information.
(i)Find the values of Pand Q , if the given differential equation can be written in the form of
𝑑𝑦
+Py = Q.
𝑑𝑥
(ii)Find the integrating factor of the differential equation.
(iii)Find the solution of the differential equation.
𝜋
(iv)If y( 3 )= 0,then write the relation between x and y.
 ANSWERS:

Q. NO ANSWER MARKS
1. i)(c) ii) (b). iii)(a). iv)(b)
2. i)(b)Here, P denotes the principal at any time t and the rate of interest be r% per
annum compounded continuously, then according to the law given in the problem, we
𝑝𝑟
get 100
(ii) (a). (iii) (c). (iv) (d)
3. i)c)Since, size of population is 5000.
Hence, Maximum value of y(t) is 5000.
ii) (d) : Clearly, according to given information
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑘𝑦(5000 − 𝑦)
𝑑𝑡
,where k is the constant of proportionality.
iii)(a) y(0)=100
iv)(b) y(2)=500
4. 1) Degree is 1
2) (a) Variable separable method
3) No
4) (a) log | T –70| = kt + C
5) (d)log 2

5. 1) Order is 1
2) (a) Variable separable method
3. (b)- log | 50– y| = kx + C
4. (b) log 1 50
5. (c) y = 50 ((1 – 𝑒−𝑘)

6. Let P be the principal at any time t. According to the given problem, 4

𝑑𝑃 5
=( )P
𝑑𝑡 100
𝑑𝑃 𝑑𝑡
=20
𝑃
Integrate it, we get
𝑡
General solution P=C𝑒 20 ,
Substituting P=1000 when t=0 we get c=1000
Let t years be the time required to double the principal. Then
𝑡
2000 = 1000𝑒 20 gives
t=20loge2
7. 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
ANS:This is of the form 𝑑𝑥 =g(𝑥 ). 4
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
Put y=vx ,then 𝑑𝑥 =v+x𝑑𝑥
𝑣𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑣−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣 𝑑𝑥
Gives ( 𝑣𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣 ) 𝑑𝑣=2 𝑥
Integrate it, we get
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑣
=c
𝑣𝑥 2
𝑦
Put v=𝑥 ,we get
𝑦
General solution sec(𝑥 )⁡=cxy
8. y =𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 4
𝑟𝑡
9. 4
P=C𝑒 100 ,r=6.931%
10. 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑦 cos 𝑥 4
= −[ ]
𝑑𝑥 1 + sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 cos 𝑥 𝑦 −𝑥
⟹ + = … (𝑖)
𝑑𝑥 1 + sin 𝑥 1 + sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄 … (𝑖𝑖)
𝑑𝑥
On⁡comparison, we⁡get⁡
cos 𝑥 −𝑥
𝑃= ,𝑄 =
1 + sin 𝑥 1 + sin 𝑥
cos 𝑥
Integrating⁡Factor⁡(I. F) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫1+sin 𝑥 = 𝑒 log|1+sin 𝑥| = 1 + sin 𝑥
Hence, the⁡soln ⁡is ∶
𝑦 × I. F = ∫ 𝑄 × I. F⁡𝑑𝑥
−𝑥
⟹ 𝑦(1 + sin 𝑥) = ∫ . (1 + sin 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
(1 + sin 𝑥)
⟹ 𝑦(1 + sin 𝑥) = − ∫ 𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
⟹ 𝑦(1 + sin 𝑥) = − + 𝑐
2
It⁡is⁡given⁡that⁡𝑦 = 1⁡when⁡𝑥 = 0
∴1= 0+𝑐
⟹𝑐=1
Hence, the⁡complete⁡soln ⁡is ∶⁡
𝑥2
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑦(1 + sin 𝑥) = − + 1
2
11. 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2 4
⟹ 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = (𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
⟹ = … (𝑖)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
Let, 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) =
𝑥
𝜆𝑦 + √𝜆2 𝑥 2 + 𝜆2 𝑦 2 𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
∴ ⁡𝑓(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = = = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜆𝑥 𝑥
Hence, 𝑓⁡is⁡a⁡homogeneous⁡function⁡of⁡degree⁡0.
Let, 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
Differentiating⁡both⁡sides⁡w. r. t. 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
=𝑣+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Hence, eqn (i)⁡becomes
𝑑𝑣 𝑣𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑣 2 𝑥 2
𝑣+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑣
⟹𝑣+𝑥 = 𝑣 + √1 + 𝑣 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
⟹𝑥 = √1 + 𝑣 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⟹ =
√1 + 𝑣 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⟹∫ =∫
√1 + 𝑣 2 𝑥
⟹ log |𝑣 + √1 + 𝑣 | = log|𝑥| + 𝑐
2
 𝑦 𝑦2
⟹ log | + √1 + 2 | = log|𝑥| + 𝑐
𝑥 𝑥
It⁡is⁡given⁡that⁡𝑦 = 0⁡when⁡𝑥 = 1
∴0= 0+𝑐
⟹𝑐=0
Hence, the⁡complete⁡soln ⁡is ∶⁡
𝑦 𝑦2
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡log | + √1 + 2 | = log|𝑥|
𝑥 𝑥

12. Given differential equation can be rewritten as 4

𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 1 𝑥
= = + = ( ) + ( 𝑥 ) = 𝑓 ( ) − − − − − (𝑖)
𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑦
𝑦
Which is a homogeneous differential equation
𝑥
Now. Let = 𝑣 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑦
𝑦
On differentiating wrt y on both sides, we get
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣
=𝑣+𝑦 − − − − − −(𝑖𝑖)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
using (ii) in (i), we get
𝑑𝑣 1
𝑣+𝑦 =𝑣+
𝑑𝑦 𝑣
𝑑𝑦
∫ 𝑣⁡𝑑𝑣 = ∫
𝑦
2
𝑣
= log 𝑦 + 𝐶
2
𝑥2
= log 𝑦 + 𝐶
2𝑦 2
y=1, when x=0 so we get C=0
Hence, particular solution of the given differential equation is
𝑥2
= log 𝑦 ⁡⁡⁡ ⇒ ⁡ 𝑥 2 = 2𝑦 2 log 𝑦⁡
2𝑦 2
13. Let P be the principal at any time t. 4
𝑑𝑝 5 𝑑𝑝 𝑃
So, = ( ) 𝑃⁡⁡⁡ ⇒ ⁡ = ----------------------(i)
𝑑𝑡 100 𝑑𝑡 20
Separating the variables
𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑡
= ------------------(ii)
𝑃 20
Integrating both sides
𝑡
log 𝑃 = + 𝐶1
20
𝑡
𝑃 = 𝑒 20 . 𝑒 𝐶1
 𝑡
𝑃 = 𝐶⁡𝑒 20
Now P=1000, when t=0, we get
𝑡
𝑃 = 1000⁡𝑒 20
Let t years be the time required to double the Principal. Then

𝑡
2000 = 1000⁡𝑒 20
⇒⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑡 = 20𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 2
14. Given, differential equation can be rewritten as 4
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
F(x,y) = 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦
2𝑥−𝑥⁡log⁡( )
𝑥
Verify F(𝜆x, 𝜆y) = F(x,y)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
On putting y = vx and 𝑑𝑥 = v + x𝑑𝑥, then given equation
Becomes
dv 𝑣𝑥
=> v + xdx = 𝑣𝑥
2𝑥−𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔( )
𝑥

𝑑𝑣𝑣
=> x = 2−𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑣⁡ -v
𝑑𝑥
=>∫ 2 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑣/𝑣(𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑣 − 1)dv = ∫ 𝑑𝑥/𝑥
1
On putting log v = t and 𝑣dv = dt, we get
∫ 2 − 𝑡/t-1dt = log|x| + C
1
=>∫( t−1- - 1)dt = log|x| + C
=> log(t-1) – t = log|x| + C
=> log[log4)-1] – log4 = log|x| + C
=> log[(log𝑦𝑥) -1] -log(𝑦𝑥) = logx + C
=> log[(log𝑦𝑥) – 1] -logy = C

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦
−1
𝑥
჻ log| | =C
𝑦

15. (i) Given , differential equation is 4

dy
+ 2ytanx = sinx
dx
Which is a linear differential equation of the form
dy
+ Py = Q.
dx
Here,P = 2tanx and Q = sinx
(ii) IF =𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑥 = ⁡ 𝑒 ∫ 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥⁡
=𝑒 ∫ = e2log|sec x|
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
=𝑒 = sec2 x [჻𝑒 log⁡(𝑥) = f(x)]
(iii) The solution of differential equation is given by
y·sec2 x = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2x·sinxdx + C
=> y·sec2 x = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥/cos⁡^2𝑥 𝑑x·sinxdx + C
Put cosx = t , then -sinxdx =dt
჻ y·sec2x = -∫ 𝑑𝑡/𝑡^2 + C
=> y·sec2x = -∫ 𝑡-2dt + C
𝑡−^1
=> y·sec2x = -1 (−1) + C
 1
y·sec2x = 𝑡 + C
1
y·sec2x = +C
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
y·sec2x =secx + C
1 𝐶
=> y =sec 𝑥 + sec⁡^2𝑥 [dividing each term by sec2 x]
=> y = cosx + C·cos2x
𝜋
(iv) It given that y = 0, when x = 3
π π
჻ 0 = cos3 + C·cos23
1 1 π 1
=> 0 =2 + C·4 [჻cos3 =2]
−1 𝐶
=> 2 = 4 => C = -2
჻ The required particular solution is
=>y = cosx – 2cos2x