CLASS XII
GENERAL MATHEMATICS
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
OBJECTIVE (1 MARKS)
1. If 𝑝 and 𝑞 are the order and degree respectively of the differential equation then:
2
2
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 ( 2 ) + 3𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 = sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
(a) 𝑝 < 𝑞
(b) 𝑝 = 𝑞
(c) 2𝑝 = 𝑞
(d) 𝑝 > 𝑞
𝑑𝑦
2. The general solution of the differential equation = 𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 is:
𝑑𝑥
(a) 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑦 = 𝑐
(b) 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑐
(c) 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑐
(d) 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑦 = 𝑐
𝑑𝑦
3. A The solution of the differential equation 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 represents:
(a) a circle
(b) an ellipse
(c) a straight line
(d) a parabola
4. Following is a differential equation.
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𝑑𝑦
= 4𝑒 3𝑥
𝑑𝑥
7
If 𝑦(0) = 3, which of the following is a particular solution of the differential equation?
4 4
(a) 3 𝑒 3𝑥 − 3 𝑒 7
29
(b) 12𝑒 3𝑥 − 3
4
(c) 3 𝑒 3𝑥 + 1
5
(d) 4𝑒 3𝑥 − 3
5. Sum of the degree and order of the differential equation
1/2 3/2 3
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
{[1 + (𝑑𝑥 ) + 2 𝑑𝑥 ] } = 8 (𝑑𝑥 2 ) is:
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) not defined
In the question number 6 to 8 , 𝑎 statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement
of Reason ( 𝑅 ). Choose the correct option as:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (𝐴).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (𝐴).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (𝑅) is true.
6. Assertion (A): The degree of the differential equation,
𝑑𝑦 𝑥4 − 𝑦4
= is 1
𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑥𝑦
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Reason ( R ): The degree of a differential equation is the degree of the highest order
derivative when differential coefficients are free from radicals and fraction.
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
7. Assertion (A): The solution of differential equation, = 𝑥 + tan 𝑥 is cos (𝑥 ) = 𝑥𝑐.
𝑑𝑥
1
Reason (R): ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = log 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑦 −𝑦 2
8. Assertion (A): General solution of a differential equation = 𝑥 2+𝑥𝑦−𝑦 2 can be solved
𝑑𝑥
by substitution 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑦.
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
Reason (R): A homogeneous differential equation of the form 𝑑𝑦 = ℎ (𝑦) can be solved
by making the substitution 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑦.
Case Based Qs
9. A veterinary doctor was examining a sick cat brought by a pet lover. When it was
brought to the hospital, it was already dead. The pet lover wanted to find its time of
death. He took the temperature of the cat at 11.30 pm which was 94.6∘ . He took the
temperature again after one hour, the temperature was lower than the first observation.
It was 93.4∘ F. The room in which the cat was put is always at 70∘ F. The normal
temperature of the cat is taken as 98.6∘ F when it was alive. The doctor estimated the
time of death using Newton's law of cooling which is governed by the differential
𝑑𝑇
equation: ∝ (𝑇 − 70), where 70∘ F is the room temperature and T is the temperature
𝑑𝑡
of an object at time 𝑡.
Substituting the two different observations of T and 𝑡 made, in the solution of the
𝑑𝑇
differential equation = 𝑘(𝑇 − 70) where 𝑘 is a constant of proportion, time of death is
𝑑𝑡
calculated.
Based on the given information, answer the following questions:
(A) State the degree of the given differential equation.
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(B) Which method of solving a differential equation helped in calculation of the time of
death?
𝑑𝑇
(C) Write the solution of the differential equation = 𝑘(𝑇 − 70) given that 𝑡 = 0 when
𝑑𝑡
T = 72.
10. A rumour on Instagram spreads in a population of 5000 people at a rate proportional
to the product of the number of people who have heard it and the number of people who
have not. Also, it is given that 100 people initiate the rumour and a total of 500 people
know the rumour after 2 days.
Based on the given information, answer the following questions:
(A) If 𝑥(𝑡) denote the number of people who know the rumour at an instant 𝑡, then find
the maximum value of 𝑥(𝑡).
(B) Find the value of 𝑥(0).
(C) Find the value of 𝑥(2).
(D) Find the value of 𝑥 at time 𝑡.
Very Short & Short
11. Find the general solution of the following differential equation:
𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥
12. Shown below is a differential equation where the value of 𝑦 is 0 when 𝑥 = 3.
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 1
+ = 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 log 𝑥
Find the value of 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 5.
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𝑑𝑦
13. Find the particular solution of the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦tan 𝑥 = sec 𝑥 +
𝜋
tan 𝑥, 𝑥 ≠ 0 given that 𝑦 = 0 when 𝑥 = 4 .
Long Qs
14. Find the particular solution of the differential equation 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = 0, given
that 𝑦 = 1 when 𝑥 = 1.
15. Let the growth of a population of a Rampur village is proportional to the number of
population present. If the population of a village triple in 50 days, in how many days will
the population become 6 times?
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