INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES

CHAPTER 1. DEFINITIONS

When the following terms are used in the Standardsand Recorffnended Practicesfor international operationswith helicopters, they have the followrng meanings: Aerial work. An aircraft operation in which an atcraft. is used for specialized services such as agriculture, construction, photography, surveying, observation and patrol, search and rescue, aerial advertisement,etc. Aircroft. Any machine that can derive support in the atmospherefrom the reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air againstthe earth's surface. Aircraft operating manual. A manual, acceptableto the State of the Operator, containing normal, abnormal and emergency procedures,checklists, limitations, performance information, details of the aircraft systemsand other material relevant to the operation ofthe aircraft. Note.- The aircraft operating monual is part of the operations manual. Air operator certiJicate(AOC). A certificate authonzing an operatorto carry out specifiedcommercial air transport operations. Airworthy, The status of an aircraft, engine, propeller or part when it conforms to its approved design and is in a condition for safeoperation. Alternate heliporl A heliport to which a helicopter may proceed when it becomeseither impossible or rnadvisableto proceed to or to land at the heliport of intended landing. Alternate heliports include the following: Take-off alternate. An alternate heliport at which a helicopter can land should this become necessaryshortly after takeoff and it is not possible to use the heliport of departure. En-route alternate. A heliport at which a helicopter would be able to land after experiencing an abnormal or emergency condition while en route. Destination alternate. An alternate heliport to which a helicopter may proceed should it become either impossible or inadvisable to land at the helipod of intended landing. Note.- The heliportfromwhich aflight departsmay be an en-routeor a destinationalternateheliportfor thatflight. Approach and landing operatiorts using instrunrent approach procedures.Instrument approach and landing operations are classifiedas follows:

ANNEX 6 -PARTIII

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Non-precisionapproach and landing operations.Al instrumentapproachand landing whicii utilizes lateral guidalce br,rt doesnot utilize vertical guidance. Approaclt and landing operations with vertical guidance. An instrument approach and landing which utrlizes iateral and vefiical guidancebut doesnot meet the requirementsestablished precisionapproachand landing operations. for Precisiort approach and landing operations. An instrument approach and landing using precision lateral and vertical guidance with minima as determined by the category of operation. Note.- Lateral andvertical guidance refers to the guidance provided either by; a) b) a ground-based navigation aid,. or computer generatednavigation data.

Categories ofprecision approach and landing operations; category I QAr D operation. A precision instrument approachand randing with: a) b) a decision height not lower than 60 m (200 ft); and with either a visibility not less than 800 m or a runway visual range not less than 550 m.

category II GAr ID operation. A precision instrument approachand randing with: a) b) a decisionheight lower than 60 m (200 ft), but not lower than 30 m (100 ft),; and a nrnway visual range not less than 300 m.

Category IIIA (CAf nU) operation. A precision instrument approachand landing with: a) b) a decisionheight lower than 30 m (100 ft) or no decisionheight; and a nrnway visual range not less than 175 m.

Category IIIB (CAT IIIB) operation. A precision instrument approachand landiag with: a) b) a decisionheight iower than 15 m (50 ft) or no decisionheight; and a runway visual range less than 175 m but not less than 50 m.

Category nIC GAT IIIC) operation. A precision instrument approachand landing with no decision height and no nmway visual range limitations. Note.- Where decision height (DH) and runway visual range (RI|R) fatt into dffirent categories of operation, the instrument approach and landing operation would be conducted in accordance witlt the requirentents of the most demandittg categoty (e.g. an operation with a DH in the range of CAT IIIA but with an RVR in the range of CAT IIIB woutd be considered a CAT IIIB operation or an operqtion with a DH in the range of CAT II but with an RVR i1 the ra,ge of CAT I would be considered a CAT II operation). Approach and landing phase - helicopters. That part of the flight frorn 300 rn (i 000 ft) above the elevation of the FATO, if the flight is planned to exceedthis height, or from the cornmencementof the descentin the other cases,to landing or to the balked landing point.

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Amex 6 -

Operation of Aira'aft

path within the Area navigation (RNAI). A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight navigation aids or within the limits of the capability of self-containedaids, or a .ou"rig" of ground- or space-based combinationof these. do not meet the Note.- Area navtgation includesperformance-basednavigation as well as otJ'reroperatiotts that definition of p erformance-based navigat ionby the operator or Cabin crew member. A crew member who performs, in the interest of safety of passenfers, duties assigned crew member. the pilot-in-command of the aircraft, but who shali not act as a flight or mail for remuneration Commerciql air transport operatiott An aircraft operation involving the transportof passengers,cargo or hire. with the approval ConJiguration deviation list (CDL). A list establishedby the organization responsible for the type design may be missing at the commencement of the State of Design which identifres any external parts of an aircraft type which and performance of a flight, and which contains, where necessary, any information on associatedoperating limitations correction. commercial or Congested sres. Inrelation to a city, town or settlement, any areawhich is substantially used for residential, recreationalPurposes. Congested hostile environment. Ahostile envirorment within a congestedarea. with the applicable Continuing airworthines.s. The set of processesby which an aircraft, engine, rotor or part complies airworthiness requirements and remains in a condition for safe operation throughout its operating life. Crew member. A person assignedby an operator to duty on an aircraft during a flight duty period. which are capable of posing a risk to health, safety, properfy or the environment Dangerous goods.Articles or substances list of dangerous goods in the Tecbnical Instructions or which are classified according to and which are shown in the those Instructions. Note.- Dangerous goods are classified in Annex 18, Chapter 3' or approach with Decision altitrde (DA) or decision height (DH). A specified altitude or height in the precision approach be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach vertical guidance at which a missed approach must has not been established. Note I.elevation. to the threshold Decision altitude (DA) is referenced to mean sea level and decision height (DH) is referenced

area which should have Note 2.- The required visual reference means that section of the visual aids or of the approach of the aircraft position and rate of change of position, been in viewfor suffiiient tintefor thepilot to have made an assessment visual reference is that in relation to the desiredflight path. Tn category III operations with a decision height the required specifiedfor theparticular procedure and operation. "decision altitudeheight" Note 3.- For convenience where both expressionsare used they may be written in the form and abbreviated "DA/H". which the helicopter's DeJined point aJter take-off (DpATO). Tbe point, withh the take-off and initial climb phase, before a forced landing may be required' abilrty to continue ttre flight safely, with one engine inoperative, is not assuredand Note.- Defined points appll, to helicopters operating in pedormattce Class 2 only.

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DeJinedpoint before landing (DPBL)' Tire pornt, within the approach and landing phase, after which the heiicopter,s ability to continuethe flight safely,with one engineinoperative, is not assuredand a forced landing rnay be required. Note'- Dertned poittts appll' to helicopters operating in petJbrnnnce Class 2 o,lv. Elevated heliport. Aheriport rocated on a raised structure on rand. Emergency locstor trqnsmitter (ELT). A generic term describing equipment which .broadcast distinctive signals on designatedfreQuenciesand, depending on application, may be auiomatically activated by impact or be rnanualiy actrvated.An ELT may be any of the following: Automatic fixed ELT (ELT(AF))' Anautomatically activated ELT which is permanently attachedto an aircraft. Automatic portabte ELT (ELT(AP))' An automatically activated ELT which is rigidly attached to an aircraft but readily removable from the aircraft. Automotic deployableELT (ELT(AD)). An ELT which is rigidly attachedto an aircraft and which is automatically deployed and activatedby impact, and, in some cases,also by nyarottuti. sensors.Manual deployment is also provided. surttival ELr @Lr@)' An ELT which is removable from an akcraft, stowed so as to facilitate its ready use in an emergency,and manually activated by survivors. Engine' A unit used or intended to be used for aircraft propulsion. It consists of at least those components and equipment necessaryfor functioning and control, but excludes the propeller/rotors (if applicable). Enhanced vision system (EVS)' A system to display electronic real-time images of the external scene achieved through the use of image sensors. En-toute phase' That part of the flight from the end of the take-off and initial cLmb phase to the commencement of the approach and landing phase. Notqwhere adequate obstacle clearance cannot be guaranteed visually, flights must be planned to ensure that obstacles can be cleared by an appropriate margin. In the eveit offaiture oytt iiiii"it engine, operators may need to adopt alternative procedures. " Final approach and tuke-offarea (FAT|). A defined area over which the frnal phaseof the approachmanoeuwe to hover or landing is completed and from which the take-off manoeuvre is commenced. where the FATO is to be used by helicopters operating in performance class 1, the defi:red area includes the rejected take-off area available. Flight crew member' A licensed crew member charged with duties essential to the operation of an aircraft during a flight dufy period. Flight duty period' The total time from the moment a flight crew member commencesduty, immediately subsequent to a rest period and prior to making a flight or a series of flights, to the moment the flight crew member is relieved of all duties having completed such flight or seriesof flights. Flight manaal A manual, associatedwith the certificate of airworthiness, containing limitations within which the aircraft is to be considered airworthy, and instructions and inforrnation necessaryto the flight crew members for the safe operation of the aircraft. Flight operations ofJiceffight dispatcher. A person designatedby the operator to engagein the conhol and supervision of flight operations'whether licensedor not, suitably quali-fied in accordance with Annex l, who supports,briefs and,/or assists the pilot-rn-command in the safe conduct of the flisht.

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Fligltl plan. Specified information provided to air traffic services units, relative to an intended flight or porlion of a flight of an aircraft. Flight recorder. Any type of recorder installed in the aircraft for the purpose of compiementingaccident/incidentinvestigation. Flight safeg documents slstem. A set of interrelated documentation establishedby the operator, compiling and organizing information necessaryfor flight and ground operations,and comprising, as a rninimum. the operationsmanual and the operator's mailtenance control manual. Flight simulation training device. Any one of the following three lypes of apparatusin which flight conditions are simulated on the ground: of A flight simulator, which provides an accuraterepresentation the flight deck of a particular aircraft type to the extent that the mechanical, electrical, electronic, etc. aircraft systems control functions, the normal environment of flight crew members, and the performance and flight characteristicsof that type of aircraft are realistically simulated; A flight procedures trainer, which provides a realistic flight deck environment, and which simulatesinstrument responses, simple control functions of mechanical, electrical, electronic, etc. aircraft systems, and the performance and flight of characteristics aircraft of a particular class; A basic instrumentflight trainer, which is equipped with appropriate instruments, and which simulates the flight deck environment of an aircraft in flight in instrument flight conditions. Flight time - helicopters. The total time from the moment a helicopter's rotor blades start turnrng until the moment the helicopter finally comes to rest at the end of the flight, and the rotor blades are stopped. Note I.- The State may provide guidance in those caseswhere the definition of flight time does not describe or permit normal practices. Examples are: crew change without stopping the rotors; and rotors running engine wash procedure foltowing a flight. In any case, the time when rotors are running betweensectors of a flight is included within the calculation offlight time. Note 2.- This defnition is intended only for the purpose offlight and duty time regulations. General aviution operation An aircraft operation other than a commercial air transport operation or an aerial work operation. Ground handting. Services necessaryfor an aircraft's arrival at, and departurefrom, an airport, other than air traffic services. Head-ap display (HUD). A display system that presentsflight information into the pilot's forward external field of view. Helicopter. A heavier-than-air aircraft supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on one or more power-driven rotors on substantiallv vertical axes. Note.- SomeStates use the term "rotorcraft" as an alternative to "helicopter"' Helideck. A heliport located on a floating or fixed offshore structure. Heliport. An aerodrome or a defined area on a structure intended to be used wholly or in part for the arrival, deparhrre and surface movement of helicopters. Note l.- Throughout this Part, when the ternt "heliport" is used, it is intended that the term also applies to aerodromes primarily meantfor the use of aeroplanes. lttrote2.- Helicopters may be operated to andfrom areas other than heliports.

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Heliport operating minima, The limits of usability of a heliport for: a) b) take-off, expressedia terms of runway visual range and/orvisibility and, if necessary,cloud conditions; landing in precision approach and landrng operations, expressedin terms of visibility and decision altitude/height (DA^{) as appropriate to the category of the operation; and/orrunway visual range

c)

landing in approach and landing operations with vertical guidance, expressedin'terms of visibility visual range and decision altitude/height (DA,4I); and landing in non-precision approach and landing operations, expressed in terms of visibility range, minimum descent altitudelheight (MDA/TD and, if necessary,cloud conditions.

andlorrunway

d)

and/orrunway visual

Hostile environmenl An environment in which: a) b) c) d) a safe forced landrng cannot be accomplishedbecausethe surface and surrounding environment are inadequate;or the elements; or

the helicopter occupants cannot be adequatelyprotected from

search and rescueresponse/capabilityis notprovided consistent with anticipated exposure;or there is an unacceptabrerisk of endangeringpersons or properfy on the ground.

Human Factors principtes' Pinciples which apply to aeronautical design, certification, traimng, operations and maintenance and which seek safe interface between the human and other system components by proper consideration to human performance. Human performance' Human capabilities and limitations which have an impact on the safety and efficiency of aeronautical operations. rnsffument meteorological c,ortditions (IMC). Meteorological conditions expressed in tenns of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling*, less than the minima specified for visual meteorological conditions. NotqThe specified minimafor visual meteorological conditions are contained in Chapter 4 of Annex 2.

rntugrated survivul suit A survival suit which meets the combined requirements of the survival suit and life jacket. Landing decision point (LDP)' The point used in delermining landing performance from which, an engine failure occurring at this point, the landing may be safely continued.or a tattlea landing initiated. Not.LDP applies onry to hericopters operating in performance crass L

Msintensnce' The performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft,including any one or combination of overhaul, inspection, replacement,defect rectification, and the embodiment of a modification or repair. Mqintenqnce organization's procedures manual.A document endorsed by the head of the marntenanceorganization which details the maintenanceorganization's structure and management responsibilities, scopeof work, description of facilities, maintenance procedures and quality assurance inspection or systems.

As definedin Annex2

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Annex 6 -

Operation of Aircraft

and their frequency of Maintenance programme. A document which describesthe specific scheduledmaintenancetasks for the safe operationof those aircraft to completion and relatedprocedures,such as a reliabiliry progralnme,necessary which it applies. work to which it relates Maintensnce release. A document which contains a certification confiming that the maintenance data and the procedures describedin has been completed in a satisfactory manner, either in accordancewith the approved the maintenance organization'sproceduresmanual or under an equivalent systern. organizationresponsiblefor the Master minimum eqaipment list(MMEL). A list establishedfor a particular akcraftripe bl the permitted to be unserviceable type designwith the approval of the Stateof Design containing items, one or more of which is with specialoperatingconditions, limitations or procedures' at the commeo."r.r"niof u flight. The MMEL *uy b" associated Maximum nlass. Maximum certificated take-off mass. or height in a non-precision Minimum descent altitude (MDA) or minimum descent height (MDH). A specified altitude visual reference' approach or circling approachbelow which descentmust not be made without the required descent height (MDH) is Note L- Minimum descent altitude QrDA) is referenced to mean sea level and minimum m (7 ft) below the aerodrome referenced to the aerodrome elevation or to the threshold elevation if that is more than 2 elevation' elevation. A minimum descentheightfor a circling approach is referenced to the aerodrome area which should have Note 2.- The required visual referencemeans that section of the visual aids or of the approach position and rate of change of position, in of been in viau for sfficient timefor thi pilot to have made an assessment the aircrafi is the runwa,venvironment' relation to the desiredflight path. In the caseof a circling approach the required visual reference "minimum descent akitude/ Note 3.- For conveniencewhen both expressionsare used they may be written h theform height" qnd abbreviated "MDA/H". to specified conditions, with Minimum equipment list (MEL). A list which provides for the operation of aircraft, subject in conformity with, or more restrictive than, the MMEL particular equipment inoperative, prepared iy uo operator establishedfor the aircraft tYPe. performance-basednavigation Navigation speciJication A set of aircraft and flight crew requirements needed to support operations within a defined airspace.There are two kinds of navigation specifications: based on area navigation that includes Required navigation performance (KNP) specificafion, A navigation specihcation the prefix RNP, e'g' RNP 4, RNP APCH' the requirement for performance *ooito.irrg and alerting, designatedby navigation that does not include the Area navigation (KNAV) specification A navigation specification based on area prefix RNAV, e'g' RNAV 5, RNAV l ' requirement tbr performance monitoring and alerting, designatedby the guidance on Navigation (PBN) Manual (Doc 9613), Volume II, contains detailed Theperformance-based Note l.navigation specifications. perfotmance necessary for operation Note 2.- The tetm kNp, previously defined as "a statementof the navigation been overtaken by the concept of of NNP has within a defined airspace", hai been remove'dfrom thisAnnex as thi concept pBN. The term kNp in this annex is now solLty used in the context of navigation specifications that require performance including a 4 NM lateral performance monitoring and alerting, e.g. KNP 4 refers to the aircraft and operating requirements, with on-biard performance monitoring and alerting that are detailed in Doc 9613' morning civil twilight or such other period Night The hours between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of between sunsetand sunrise, as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority.

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m of the stnt's disc is 6 degreesbelow the horizon and begms Note.- civil nuilight ends in the eveningv,henthe centre below the horizon' the moming when the centre of the sun's disc is 6 degrees outside a congestedarea' Non-congested hostile environmenl A hostile environment Non-hostile environmenL An environment in which: a) b) c) d) the surface and surrounding eniironment are adequate; a safe forced landing can be accomplishedbecause from the elements; the helicopter occupantscan be adequatelyprotected with anticipated exposure; and searchand rescueresponse/capabilityis provided consistent is acceptable' risk of endangeling personsor properly on the ground the assessed non-hostile'

above requirements are considered Note.- Thoseparts of a congestedarea satisfying the

above the height (ocq). The lowest altitude or the lowest height obstscle clearance altitude (ocA) or obstucle clearance compliance elevation as applicable, used in establishing elevation of the relevant runway threshold or the aerodrome with appropriate obstacle clearance criteria' to the to meqn sea level and obstacle clearance height is referenced Note I.- obstacle clearqnce altitude is referenced if that is to the aerodrome elevation or the threshold elevation threshold erevation or in the case o1non-pr"ririon approaches to the obstacle clearance heightfor a circling approach is referenced more than 2 m (7 ft) below the o"rodro*" elevation. )4n aerodrome elevation. are used they may be written in the fotm Note 2.- For convenience when both expressions "' altitude/height " and abbreviated " OCA/H "obstacle clearance

ateas to or a substantial proportion of the flight conducted over sea offshore operations. operations which routinely have support of offshore oil, gas and mineral are not limited to, from offshore locations. Such operations include, but exploitation and sea-pilot transfer' a set of subject to the same or similar hazards and which require operation. An activity or group of activities which are competencies,to eliminate or mitigate of a set of pilot equipment to be specified, or the achievement and maintenance the risk of such hazards. or emergency be limited to, offshore operations, heli-hoist operations Note._ such activities could include, but would not medical service. a flight il the the rnitiation, continuation, diversion or termination of operational controL The exercise of authority over efficiency ofthe flight' interest ofthe safety ofthe aircraft and the regularity and of helicopter the safe conduct of the flight based on considerations operational flight plaru The operator's plan for and at the heliports conditions on the route to be followed performance, other operating limitations and relevant expected concemed. failure' performance such that, il the event of a critical engine operations in performance class 1. Operations with area' unless the continue the flight to an appropriate landing performance is available to enable .thehelicopter to iafely (LDP)' in point (TDP) or after passilg the landing decision point fa.ure occrrs prior to reaching the take-off iecision the rejected take-off or landing area' which casesthe helicopte, *rrJ b" able to land within

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Annex 6 - Operutionof Aircraft

Oper.ations in performance Class 2. Operations rvith performance such that, in the event of critical engine failure, landing area,exceptwhen performanceis availableto enablethe helicopter to safely continuethe flight to an appropriate the failure occurs early during the take-off manoeuvre or late in the landing manoeuvre, in which casesa forced landing may be required. Operations in performance Class 3. Operations with performance such that, in the event of an engine failure at any time during the flight, a forced landing will be required. Operations manual A manual containing procedures,instructions and guidance for use by operationalpersonnel in the executionof their duties. Operotions specijications. The authorizations, conditions and limitations associatedwith the air operator certificate and manual. subjectto the conditionsin the operations Operator, A person, organization or enterprise engagedin or offering to engagein an aircraft operation. Operator's msintensnce control msnusl. A document which describesthe operator's proceduresnecessaryto ensurethat all scheduled and unscheduled maintenance is performed on the operator's aircraft on time and in a controlled and satisfactory mailrer. Performance-based navigation (PBN). Area navigation based on performance requirements for akcraft. operating along an ATS route, on an instrument approachprocedure or in a designatedairspace. Note.- Performance requirements are expressed in navigation specifications (RNAV specification, ENP specification) in terms of accuracy, integriQ, continuity, availability and functionality needed for theproposed operation in the context of a part i cular ai rspace concepl. Pilot-in-commund, The pilot designatedby the operator, or in the case of general aviation, the owner, as being in command and charged with the safe conduct of a flight. hallucinogens, and hypnotics,cocaine,other psychostimulants, Alcohol, opioids,cannabinoids,sedatives Psychoactivesubstsnces, and volatile solvents,whereascoffee and tobacco are excluded. Repair. The restoration of an aeronautical product to an airworthy condition to ensure that the aircraft continues to comply with the design aspectsof the appropriate airworthiness requirements used for the issuanceof the type certificate for the respective aircraft type, after it has been damaged or subjectedto wear. Required communication performance (RCP). A statementof the performance requirementsfor operational communication i:r support of specific ATM functions. Required communicution performance type (RCP type). A label (e.g. RCP 240) that representsthe values assignedto RCP parametersfor communication transaction time, continuity, availability and integrity. Runway visual range (RVR). The range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centre li:re of a mnway can see the runway surface markings or the lights delineating the runway or identiffing its centre lile. Safe farced landing. Unavoidable landing or ditching with a reasonableexpectancyof no injuries to persons in the aircraft or on the surface. Ssfety msnagement system. A systematic approach to managing safety, including the necessaryorganizational structures, accountabilities. oolicies and orocedures.

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Series offligftls. Series of flights are consecutiveflights that: a) b) begin and end within a period of 24 hours; and are all conductedby the samepilot-in-command.

State of Registry. The State on whose register the aircraft is entered. Note.- In the case ofthe registration ofaircraft ofan international operating agency on other than a national basis, the States constituting the agency are jointly and severally bound to assume the obligatiorzs which, under the Chicago Convention, attach to a State of Registry. See,in this regard, the Council Resolution of 14 December 1967 on Nationalie and Registration of Aircraft Operated by International Operating Agencies which can befound in Policy and Guidance Material on the Economic Reguiation of lntemational Air Transport (Doc 9587). Stste of the Operator. The State in which the operator's principal place of businessis located or, if there is no such place of business,the operator's permanent residence. State safetyprogramme. An integrated set of regulations and activities aimed at improving safety. Take-off and initial climb phase. That part of the flight from the start of take-off to 300 m (1 000 ft) above the elevation of the FATO, if the flight is plaruredto exceedthis height, or to the end of the climb in the other cases. Take-off decision point gDP). The point used in determining take-off perfonnance from which, an engine failure occurring at this point, either a rejected take-off may be made or a take-off safely contilued. Note.TDP applies only to helicopters operating in performance Class 1.

Visual meteorologicsl conditions (W[C). Meteorological conditions expressedin terrns of visibiiity, distance from cloud, and ceiling,- equal to or better than specified minima. Note.- The specified minima are contained in Chapter 4 of Annex 2. Vross. The minimum speed at which climb shall be achieved with the critical engine inoperative, the remaining engines operating within approved operating limits. Note- The speed referred to above may be measured by instrument indications or achieved by a procedure specified in theflight manual.

As defined in Annex 2.

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