Subject Name:- BEE Code:- 3110005 NBA Code:- E104N
EXPERIMENT NO 4
Measurement of Power in Entire Series R-L Circuits
4.1 AIM:
Measurement of Power in Entire Series R-L Circuits Al_o Calculate Impedance of the Circuit
And Observe The Phase Difference Between Cutrent &Voltage.
4.2 APPARATUS:
S.No.
1
Equipment
Supply
NER AC 0-300V
Quantity
2 Ammeter AC 0-300mA/ 0
500mA/0-2.5 A
AC
Voltmeter 0-15V/0-30V 1
4 Wattmeter AC 0-600V,0-20A
Variabl AC/IDC 0-50 2002 1
eResisto
Digitalmulti-meter ACDC 1
Variable AC250V410 AS0Hz
SinglePhaseChok"
eCoil
4.3 THEORY:
This is the ase tnost generally met within practice, neny al citouits contain both resisoe and
inductance.
Spnsider an a cirspit consisting ofresistance of Rohms and inductance:of Lhenryseginccted in series,
as shown in Fig. (4.2)
Voltage Current Power
P,vandi
27
Vo
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Fig.-4.1- Resistance andInductance in Series
B vedanceTr
triangleA
tagetrian
ata
V=1z ? see
angleis
Owerf
VR
V=V, sinwt Cirouft Globe Cirouit Globe
Fig.-4.2-Circu Diagram Fig.-4.3-Phasor Diagram
Let ne supply requency bef and current flowing through the
drop across esstance, VR IR in phase with circuit beofI amperes (rms valïeow voltage
the curent.
Voltage drop actoss inductance,
Vi=I XLeading I by w2 radianssas shown in Fig( o The
of VR and ll be given by the appliedivoltage, being equal to he piasor sum
diagonaLothe paraleloram.
Applied Volage V= +
where X =0 fL
Quantity JR+ X is known as impedance, denoted by Zand is
diagram it is also evident that the current lags behind the applied expressed in ohms. From phasor
voltage by angle O.
V
This is given byTan Ø=Y= X
VR R
Ø=Tan -1L
R
Since X1. and R are known, the vale of phase angle Øcan be
V=Vmaxsinot, then expression for the circuit current will be computed. If the applied voltage
I=Imaysin (ot Ø)
Vmax
Where Imax and = Tan-1
ZR
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Impedance T'riangle:
to the
Ifatriangle ABC is drawn so that AB=VR/= R, BC= V/l=X, and. AC= V/| =Z, it is triangle similar
voltage triangle shown in Fig. (a). Such a triangle is called an impedance triangle, which is most use ful in letting
one sce at a glance how R, X, and Z are related to cach other. The angle between Z and R sides of the impedance
triangle is known as phase angle of the circuit and cos of this angle is known as power factor of the circuit.
R
Power factor =Cos 0=
V
FFD
EVOLTAGE REAGTANCE
V O L T A G E
V
DROP
S U P P L Y
INDUCTVEV MPEDA
Z NCE,
T O T A L
ESSIVEVOE7AeE RESSTANCE
Fig.-4.4(a)Voltage Triangle Fig4.4(b) Impedance Trisngle
Power in Resistance -Inductance
Instantaneouspoyer,
P=yiV, maxSin o x ImaxSin (ot-0)
=Vmax
2
Inax [2 sinot. sin(ot-0)]
=VmaJma
2
[ cos -cos (2ot-0))
=Vmasmaxcos
2
O-Vma-maxc0S
2
(20t -0)]
Since average value of pulsating componentVmax/macos
2
(2ot-0) over a complete cycle is zero.
Average power of the circuit, P= Constant component
v.maximaxC0SD= V2cv2o s cos Ø= Vlcos
Where Vand I are the rms values of voltage and current andØ is the phase angle between applied voltage Vand
circuit current I.
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Altematively power consumed by the circuit,
PPower consumed byresistance Power consumed by inductance is zero
=1R=1(R}=.IR=VIE=VI cosØsince from impedance triangle coso
oO ne pOWer in an ac circuit is given by the nroduct of rms values of current and voltage and cosine of
ne phase angle between voltage and current. Cosine ofthe phase
angle between the voltage and eurel
Cos O is known as the power factor of the circuit. andbs eatn this is
obvjous from impedance triangie.
4.4 CIRCUIT
ToMGMANEERIA.
VATTHLTER
300 V 5A 2.1 A
0-2A UOH
M S0 OF,2.1 A
+ VE 0-300 V
C
LC VOLTAGE SOURCL
230 V , 50 Bz
Vs L
0-300V
0-300 V
Fig.-4.5 GE
4.5 OBSERVATHON TABLE: 3
Sr. Supply Voltage across
Power Voltage across Supply current
No. Voltage Resistance VR
Vs(volts) (Watts) (volts) Inductor VL(volts) Is (amp)
1.
2.
3.
4.
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4.6 PROCEDURE:
1) Make the circuit connection as shown in Fig.
inductor
2) Note down reading of totalvoltage, voltage across resistance and
3) By changing resistance and inductor take number of readings.
4) Calculate P,ProTAL, COSp using analytiçally and graphically.
1g0-9
4.7 CALÇULATION:
raphically
GEcoLLE
(Fig- 4.6)
Draw vector dhagram and measure angles 0 &
degree
degrec
Measure V,cosand Vcos and hence measure otal and P
totaVs *I*Cos O
PL=V*I*cos
2.Analytically 2VsVR
Use cos O &cos as per formula given below and calculate Ptotal and PL
2VsVR
degree
Cos 9 =Vs-V+v): = degree
2VRVL
Proal Vs *1*cos
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4.8 Computation Table:
Sr.No. Power in watts
Analytically Potal Analytically P.
Graphically Proal Graphically P
NGI
TNEE
4.9 CONCLUSIONA
4.10 PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:
ERINCGOL
What is the relation between volt ¤t in series R-L circuit?
2.What do you-understand by powerfactor?
3.How to draw the phasor diagram for series RLCifcui?
4. How to make connectionof Watmeter?
LEGE
4.11 POSPLAB VIVA QUESTIONS
1. How the poweor is changing while changing the value of inductance?
2. How we can measure active powerin series R-Lcircuit?
3. Explain the supply voltage relation with voltage across resistor &voltage across inductor?
SIGN : DATE:
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