Suuws RC ciut

AC hough
C
M

-Va Ve

: Vm 8in wt

Cominatou
COn neetd
Conneci d aa coss
CLOSS
&ius
The Vm 8in wt
Suppy 9ven b V
ac a
uwunt 1, hen thue
dhaws a
Cinuit

two voH age dop V I IR

R
hsistamte
Vp
achosswe
Vc TXe
a) Duop Capa cilanae
Cap acitane

aCoss bwe
b)
b) Drop asu The
he
amd I, VR Ve ,

whwe Xc TC m S Value8
b qet
qeh
law Cam
Cam ap pid
be applàd
votage
The kncho (bhaselAdditon)

V
IR +T X

aihive Ctuit
9n Cah
ON Custhent leads Vpltaqe
a

othei othd
e in
Vo Haqe lags cwhen

by 1
Phasel diaqMam
 V TR
A

V IXe

q: voHage tiangle

VN[VR)+(%)
2

V RXe)
V I 2
tuohee
2 J R + x i Hhe
total im pedaue
othe cis cuut.

L
V
2

gimpedama taiangle
then
z nto CoMbonen,
9 Lwe split
and X = Z Sin
R Z cos
negali've
as diuclion otha X the
Y douton,tho e ctamqwdas em oth
impedam ct de notd as
z R
 i a
olat em, it
de no td

2 2 L-
=tam (. -e
R

thag.e
tiangle
Powti
amd
po w
wenOw ha
N Vn in w aRc
Rc
iIm
&in(ot +) ciu t

P x i 8in (uot+
(uwt +o)
Lm
wt X
VnBin
sin(w
t+ ¢)
wt
nn Bin
eos (A+B)|
-6)
-

Ssinfh n B - Cos (t
Take A Cot
t ot

B wt+9/

ust+)
- cos (
Vn m (-)
Vm Lm eos (2wE +o)
Vm m Coso
C:* ces)-os4
Lm o hose
osine
m ohos
in a Hen ce
ce
The Se cond Cyele is ?et0
2eo Hn
ova
a cyele C ic
ciz sucutt
Vaue Hhe
Hhe
*Vage
Consumod
by
by
avAaqe poust
age Vm Inm cos
Vm Tm cos 9=VI
J cos
Ja¢
Pav
 ¢oalls
P: VItos
alon y
No ltane
Vo ltae
multpy 29malion
we ou
pousD
we gef
Cunt I,
v + eI

+ VIAin
P VTcosS VE VT cos6

-VT sin
S VI

ae
powus
Vauio us
Thus,thu
Appastant pouess= VIVA
VIVA

pouwP P=
VI oso w
Tue e a vesage
VIin VAR
oacive ous,
Z
m appeass postive in
No-0X in Z
2
alive
neg
m appeass
e
+Ve 1
tnducive Z

and

Capa t'"Tthe Z
inqle hase Ac c u t
(2Fe a
Lvekage Poai iven by
1P vI Cos alG
indultve i u t a
pouw acteleos laqging -ja
obo ve ciscul
 AC hnough Ses RLC enuut

L C
R
M
V -V¢
VR

V Vm i n wt

The ac
Bupply s ven b
m Ain wt C w m tT
to Cuwvunt
to I
CuuwLntI
Du
Duu
a
duauos and
The Cuit duops a ckoss R,.l
aaoss R,.L
duunt
vol tage
voltage
ae
hu
usisiam e
sistama
K Vg: IR
C Dhob
achoss

is VL IKL
VL TXL
a inductance

acsoss
u
Capautamce CC V V
e
Ic
6) Paop
Pnop Capautana
alnoss aHa

c)
C Dnop drops
duops
oth
les
c h a n as
to wih ewumt I
The
in phase 10
a) VR nt I bby
cwunt

)
6)
Veads
V cwnt I by 9
c)Ve lagst ktxcho{'S aws
laws

Aecoiding
V+t

IR IXL +IX
 du pends On he
phcuset diag Aam

The n d
magnilids o V OMd
the
Conditions o On he Valu ol
dubends
ohich ultimay
XL and Xc

(1) whun X>Xc

obuiouslyIKL
e V i
whtn XXc,
than IX ie Ve
Nc
ualis usill be
uillbe doi
du ctd
V amd Ve
So
So tesudt ant ol
Cwunt L
e leadtng
towaands V,
usultant oV
Cwwunt I will lag he

amd Vc (V V In nat
g aid be inducdive
Cin uut
The phaset um V and (V - Ve)
V.
ltage
ives ha
esultant
Rupp Vo

VL

V
V-
A
AV VR
: Volfag
tniangle
g:Phaso diagnam laas V
 Spomthe vo ltage thiang
V (Va)*+ ('L-Ve)
TR+ (T Tx«)
-

T Z

R t (XL-X
Z
( cot ) |
=
uohu
i I m bla
hen
So
Vm Ain wt amgle P
lags vo Hage by
as C nt

X
< Ke i- les tham
fham
is
IXL
e V
XL Xe,
uohun

Ve uoill
o lI be
be
TX ie V
anad
d Ve
Husultamt
So tha
to waunds V
dliu c d
oill
laad (Ve in n
haa le
lw e

Curent I Capadlive
Capadlive in
v be
said -
L9ives
Chuuit amd (V
Te
lhe V
The hase Aum Vo ltage V
8upply
vo ltage V
usltant
e

A
Ve
Ve L Ve-VL

i g : VoHage A
V-VL
( I hads V)
CVeVL
t:phasi duagam
 vo lt age toiang le
omthe

V Ve)+(Ve(Ve -V.)
T)+ (TK-IX)
IR ( )
V Iz
Lohle Z R+ (Xe - X
iIm 3in (ott6)
Im Sinlot+6)
i hen
So i V Vm 8in wt
by amgle
OM
as c w u n t
leads Vo Hage

obviowsly N Ve
ohen XL = Xe each othn
and Ve uoilt Cancel
So
So VL
usuHamt 2eo
amd tuin
Qnd
and Dvohal
OVohal
case
V in sud
So
So Vg in naliue
hsi's ve
puuly
V VL

R-

tqhser cliag nam.

V VR
V IR
V-I2
 1mpadau a:

Ses

gmAal, the RLe cisut mb edan e 1

Tn
ZR
given P
X X L Xe dotal heactcauuce ol
the cil cut
indukive
þ o s i @ v e ,ch
cuit is
Xe X
)

i X eiuit i
S Meg
al ve, Cabaul ve
X
Xe XL
uly
à butly
20to, eiic
e uit
X H S &ve
) XL: X

XL X c , cos 4
tan
R

Z R2+ (XL -Xe)

imedam tiamgles

-ve
Xe ) =X -Ve
as
+Ve XXL

X=
Z'sin ¢
cases ,
R Z cos ,

in both
In

bowl t amgle: i
CÚuut
it i i
TOhe Omd
Consumed
C o n s u m e d
by the
kF
Th avaq
a vetage
bouu C o n s u m u d

by
poun Lt
Consumad
by
PavAvVenag
o by c
A vuag Consumud

ou
Avsaqe
 Qnd C ne ves C0nsu me
any
bu l
But
po th
takn by R- IR =T(IR)
Pow
Pav I Ve
eases
tn both
But Ve Veos :

w
VI toS
Ke à e>XL
conditon, XL
>
CMA
Thus el ed
Huse d as
Cam be
Can np s
enp
mual bowel
The.g
C
ouOnt
t

X CompOhant o
P: Voltaqe uoitn vottage
in bhase
obtainnd
can be
No Th Pouse 1iange
a c bide oimpd
anu
by nulplyi
by,T
S I'z VvI
P IR VIcos
x
Ap p a s t e t
VEin Q-IX
VLain
eacleve
potue -T?2 -vT- Chadshg
P TP- VI Los aggiq)
Aiveþoue
b) XLC Xc
a) X> Xe
 p.f. cos Remark
No. Circuit Impedance (Z)

Polar Rectangular
1
1 Pure R R0°S R 0 Unity p.f.

X90n 0+ j X 2 90 Zero lagging

2 Pure L
90 0 Zero leading
Pure C X c - 90°s2 0- Xc
4 Series RL R+ X 0 90 COs Lagging

5. Series RC R- Xc 2 90° 0 COS

Leading

X Xc Lagging
R'X2 COS o
6 Series RLC X =X - Xc X X¢ Leading
X Xc Unity

Table 4.1 Summary of R, L and C circuits