Motivation
motivation is the force that drives you to perform a task or behavior.
Behavioral perspective:
The behavioral view of motivation is based on the concepts of rewards and
incentives. Motivation from this perspective is driven by anticipation of rewards
for behaviors. Behaviorists believe behaviors are motivated by external factors like
rewards, punishments, and consequences rather than internal drives. Reinforcement
theory states that behaviors followed by positive consequences will increase
through reinforcement, while behaviors followed by negative consequences will
decrease.
Cognitive perspective:
Cognitive theories of motivation assume that behavior is directed as a result of the
active processing and interpretation of information. Motivation is not seen as a
mechanical or innate set of processes but as a purposive and persistent set of
behaviors based on the information available. Expectations, based on past
experiences, serve to direct behavior toward particular goals.
Constructivist perspective
A constructivist view of motivation therefore centres around the belief that each
individual is motivated differently.
Types of motivation:
1.Intrinsic motivation (or internal motivation):
comes from within.
Intrinsic motivation represents all the things that motivate you based on internal
rewards like self-improvement or helping a friend in need.
There are some types of Intrinsic motivation:
*Learning motivation (or competence motivation)
In this type of motivation, you’re driven by the act of learning. What you’re trying
to achieve is exciting because you’ve never done it before. You love learning a new
skill or improving on an existing one. In this case, the reward upon completing the
task is less important than the task itself.
Attitude motivation:
If you have attitude motivation, you love being positive and spreading positivity.
It’s about making people feel good, so you seek out activities that allow you to do
that.
Achievement motivation
For this type of motivation, you’re not necessarily thinking about the reward at the
end — you just care about crossing the finish line. There’s no greater satisfaction
than the feeling of accomplishment.
Creative motivation:
You might find yourself motivated by creativity. If this type of motivation sounds
familiar, you value freedom of expression and are happiest when people let you
spread your wings.
Physiological motivation:
you’re motivated by biological needs like food and water. These motivations exist
because years of evolution have made us this way.
2.Extrinsic motivation (or external motivation):
refers to external factors that drive you to do something.
Extrinsic motivation represents all the things that motivate you based on external
rewards like money or praise. These types of motivation are more common than
intrinsic motivators and include achieving things due to a tangible incentive, fear,
or expectation, all of which depend on external factors. For example, people want
to get a promotion because of the expected raise.
Different types of extrinsic motivation:
Incentive motivation
Incentive motivation is all about external rewards. Just like a mouse motivated by
cheese, you’re motivated by the outcome of a task — not the task itself.
Fear motivation
You’re motivated by the fear of an undesirable outcome. You don’t want to do the
task, but you have to if you want to avoid a bad thing.
Power motivation
It’s normal to want control over your own life. But some people take it one step
further: they want to control other people. There are many types of power, and they
can be used for nefarious or altruistic reasons.
Social motivation
Social motivation describes the desire to be accepted by your social group. Here
you’re motivated by what others think of you.
