NAME OF EXPERIMENT : TO RESEARCH
AND CALCULATE THE
DENSITY OF A SOLID.
INTRODUCTION
Density is defined as the ratio of mass to the
volume of a substance.To determine the
density of the regular shaped object we can
simply determine the density by calculating
volume(v)=l and for irregular shaped object
3
require to determine the volume then it can
be calculated as water displaced by irregular
body.
APPARTUS REQUIREMENT
1. Solid object (cuboid)
2. Weighing scale(in gram)
3. Scale or Rular(in cm)
4. Container(beaker)
THEORY
Density is defined as the ratio of mass to the
volume of a substance.
m
i.e. ρ= v
Mass of the body is calculate by using
weighing scale in grams(g).
Determination of the volume:
1. For regular body
Volume of the body is calculated simply by
calculating its length,breadh and height.
Cube or cuboid: l ×b × h
Cylindrical body: π r h (r is the radius)
2
2. For irregular body
i. First fill the water in the beaker
and mark it level.
ii. Then,put the water into the other
vessel and put the object in the
beaker where level is marked.
iii. Then, keep water into it then
measure how much water is left in
that vessel that will be its volume
of the object.
CONSTRUCTION
Fig: for irregular body
h cm
h cm
b cm
r
cm
L cm
Fig: for regular body
OBJECTIVES
To measure the density of an unknown regular
or irregular body by measuring its mass and
volume.
METHODOLOGY
Collect the apparatus required for the object
and measure the mass as well as volume of
the given object then find the density of the
object by its formula and prepare the report of
the final result.
PROCEDURE
i. Materials: collect the apparatus
required for the measurement of density.
ii. Measure massof solid object: by
using weighing machine.
iii. Determine volume:
a. For regular body,by measuring its
dimension.
b. For irregular body,volume can be
determined water displaced by the
object when it is kept in water.
iv. Calculate density: use the formula
mass
Density= volume .
v. Record result: after recording result
find the percentage error compared to
standard density of that material of what
object is made up of.
vi. At last, clean up all the appartus and
store appartus carefully.
OBSERVATIONS
By using rular for the
measurement of volume of a solid object.
No of Mas Leng Bread Heig Volu Density
m
experime s th th ht me ρ= v
nts (m) (l) (b) (h) (l× b× h ¿
g
1 6 cm 4 cm 4 cm 96cm 3
2.83
272
3
cm
g
g
2 272 6 cm 4 cm 4 cm 96cm 3
2.83 cm
3
g
By using water displacement
method to calculate the volume of a
object.
No of Mass(m Water Volume( Density
m
experime ) displac v) ρ= v
nts ed by a
object
(ml)
1 272 g 105 105 g
2.59 cm
3
cm 3
ml
g
2.59 cm
2
3
272 g 105 105 cm
3
ml
Let us use value of volume and
density the experiment done wby using water
displaced method.
Then,
Mass of the solid object (m) = 272 g
Volume of the solid (v) = 105 cm
3
m g
Now, Density (ρ) = v = 2.59 cm 3
The nature of a solid object is aluminium.
PERCENTAGE ERROR
g
Standard density of aluminium ( ρ ) = 2.7 s
cm
3
g
Density of a solid object( ρ ) = 2.59 cm
o 3
Now,
ρs− ρ
Percentage error(P%) = ρs
o
2.7−2.59
= 2.7
= 0.11/2.7
=0.4%
RESULT
g
Hence, the density of the solid object is 2.59 cm 3
And percentage error is 0.4%.
CONCLUSION
Hence, we can calculate density with the help
of mass and density of a particular solid
object.
SOURCE OF ERROR
1.Error may be due to carelessness of
experiment.
2.Error may be due to shape of the object.
3.Error may be due to defects of vision of
experiment of performer.
PRECAUTION
1. The object should be of regular shape
for the accurate measurement of the
density.
2. The measurement should be taken
carefully.
3. Water level should be noted correctly
and carefully.
