ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

1. 13th term = 5 + (13 − 1)6 = 77

2. Let, the n th term be 177. ∴ 5 + (n − 1)4 = 177 or, 4n + 1 = 177 or, n = 44 .
3. Difference between any two consecutive terms is 1n which is a constant. So, the given
numbers are in A. P.
n th term = 1 + (n − 1) 1n = 2 − 1n .
4. Multiplies of 7 before 333 is 47. [Q 333 = 47 × 7 + 4]
Multiplies of 7 before 33 is 4. [Q 33 = 4 × 7 + 5] .
∴ Multiples of 7 between 33 and 333 = 47 – 4 = 43.
5. Let, a = first term , d = common difference
CLASS XI (SOLVED PAPER)

The p th term of the A.P. is q . ∴ q = a + ( p − 1)d -------------------- (i)

The q th term of the A.P. is p ∴ p = a + (q − 1)d ------------------------ (ii)
by (i) - (ii) we get, q − p = ( p − 1 − q + 1)d or, d = −1
∴ a = q − ( p − 1)d = q + ( p − 1) = p + q − 1
∴ t n = a + (n − 1)d = p + q − 1 − n + 1 = p + q − n (proved)
6. Tr be the r th term of the A.P. ∴ Tr = a + (r − 1)d
∴ Tm = a + (m − 1)d , Tn = a + (n − 1)d
Given, mTm = nTn or, m[a + (m − 1)d ] = n[a + (n − 1)d ]
[
or, a (m − n ) + d m 2 − m − n 2 + n = 0]
or, a (m − n ) + d [(m + n )(m − n ) − (m − n )] = 0 or, (m − n )[a + d (m + n − 1)] = 0
Q m ≠ n , ∴ [a + d (m + n − 1)] = 0 ∴ Tm+n = 0 (proved)
7. i) Q t n = 222 , a = 2, d = 5 ∴ 2 + (n − 1)5 = 222 or, (n − 1)5 = 220 or, n − 1 = 44 or, n = 45
∴ 452+1 = 23 rd term is the middle term . ∴ t 23 = a + (23 − 1)d = 2 + 22 × 5 = 2 + 110 = 112 .
∴ The middle term is 112.
ii) Q t n = 129 , a = 3 , d = 6 ∴ 3 + (n − 1)6 = 129 or, (n − 1)6 = 126 or, n − 1 = 21 or, n = 22
∴ 222 = 11 th and 12 th terms are middle terms .
t11 = a + 10d = 3 + 60 = 63 , t12 = 3 + 11 × 6 = 3 + 66 = 69 ∴ Middle terms are 63 and 69.
8. The third term of the A.P. is 15 and 5th term is 13 .
∴ a + 2d = 15 -----(i) and a + 4d = 13 -----(ii)
By (i) – (ii), − 2d = 15 − 13 = 315−5 = − 152 or, d = 151 ∴ a = 15 − 2(151 ) = 315−2 = 151
∴ The sum of first 15 terms, S15 = 152 {2. 151 + 14. 151 } = 152 × 215
+14
= 162 = 8 (proved) .
9. The 5th term of A.P. is 41 and 11th term is 20.
∴ a + 4d = 41 ---------(i) and a + 10d = 20 --------(ii)
By (i) – (ii), − 6d = 21 or, d = 2 ∴ a = 41 − 4( −27 ) = 55
−7

∴ The sum of first 11 terms , S11 = 112 {a + t11 } = 112 (55 + 20 ) = 8252 .
3
10. S n = 4n + n 3 ∴ S n −1 = 4(n − 1) + (n − 1)
∴ t n = S n − S n−1 = 4n + n 3 − 4n + 4 − n 3 + 3n 2 − 3n + 1 = 3n 2 − 3n + 5 ∴t 8 = 3.8 2 − 3.8 + 5 = 173
2
11. S n = 5n 2 + 7n ∴ Sn −1 = 5(n − 1) + 7(n − 1) ,
2
∴ t n = S n − S n−1 = 5n 2 + 7 n − 5(n − 1) − 7(n − 1) = 5n 2 + 7 n − 5n 2 − 5 + 10n + 7 − 7 n = 10n + 2
∴10n + 2 = 282 or, 10n = 280 or, n = 28

1
12. The sum of all positive integers less than 200 and not divisible by 6
199 × 200 6 × 33 × 34
= 1 + 2 + 3 + − − +199 − [6 + 12 + 18 + − − +198] = − = 19900 − 3366 = 16534 .
2 2
13. Required solution
= (2 + 3 − − − +99) − (3 + 6 + − − − + 99) − (5 + 10 + 15 + − − − + 95) + (15 + 30 + − − +90)
98 × (2 + 99 ) 3 × 33 × 34 5 × 19 × 20 15 × 6 × 7
= − − + = 4949 − 99 × 17 − 950 + 105 × 3
2 2 2 2
= 4949 − 1683 − 950 + 315 = 2631
14. a1 + a3 + a5 + − − − + a11 = 72 ∴ 2 [2a1 + (6 − 1).2d ] = 72 , a1 + 5d = 12
6

Now, a1 + a6 + a11 = a1 + a1 + 5d + a1 + 10d = 3a1 + 15d = 3(a1 + 5d ) = 3 × 12 = 36 .

15. xy + zw + xw = 3 yz or, xy + w( z + x ) = 3 yz
or, y (2 y − z ) + w.2 y = 3 yz [ Q x + z = 2 y or, x = 2 y − z ]
or, 2 y 2 − yz + 2 yw = 3 yz or, 2 y 2 + 2 yw = 4 yz or, y + w = 2 z [ Q y ≠ 0 ]
Q x + z = 2 y and y + w = 2 z ∴ y − x = z − y = w − z ∴ x, y, z , w are in A.P. (proved)
16. ∴ S n = n 2 + an + b ------------ (1). Clearly S n = 0 when n = 0
Therefore putting n = 0 in (1) we get 0 = 0 + a.0 + b or, b = 0
Again t n = [Sum of first n terms of the series] − [ Sum of first (n − 1) terms of the series ]
( )
t n = S n − S n−1 = n 2 + an + b − (n − 1) − a(n − 1) − b = n 2 + an − n 2 − 2n + 1 − an + a
2

= an + 2n − 1 − an + a = 2n + a − 1
∴ t n −1 = 2(n − 1) + a − 1 ∴ t n − t n −1 = 2
∴ t1 , t 2 , t 3 ------ of the series are in A.P. whose first term = a + 1 and common difference = 2 (proved)
17. i) ( ) ( )
2 + 2 1 − 2 + 2 1 − 2 2 + − − − up to 20 term
= ( 2 + 2 + 2 + − − − − up to 20 terms) − [2 + 4 + 6 + − − − + up to 19 terms]
19(19 + 1) 
= 20. 2 − 2   = 20 2 − 20 × 19 = 20 2 − 19 ( )
 2
2 2
ii) First term a = (x + y ) . Common difference d = x 2 + y 2 − ( x + y ) = −2 xy
∴Sp = p
2 [2(x + y ) 2
] [ 2
] [
+ ( p − 1)(− 2 xy ) = p ( x + y ) − xy( p − 1) = p x 2 + y 2 + 2 xy − xyp + xy ]
= p[ x 2 + y 2 + 3 xy − pxy]
iii) n + (n − 1) + (n − 2 ) + − − − to n terms
n(n + 1)
= 1 + 2 + 3 + − − − − − − upto n terms (writing in reverse order) =
2
iv) 15 + 19 + 21 + 24 + 27 + 29 + − − − − to 35 terms
= 15 + [(19 + 21) + (24 + 27 ) + (29 + 33) + − − − − to 17 terms]
= 15 + [40 + 51 + 62 + − − − − to 17 terms]
= 15 + 172 [2 × 40 + (17 − 1)×11] = 15 + 17 × (40 + 88) = 15 + 2176 = 2191
n
18. Let , the number of terms be n . ∴ [2 × 40 + (n − 1)(− 4 )] = 160
2
or, n[40 − 2n + 2] = 160 or, 42n − 2n 2 = 160
or, n 2 − 21n + 80 = 0
or, (n − 5)(n − 16) = 0 ∴ n = 5 or, 16
In this series, t11 = 0 and t10 = −t12 , t 9 = −t13 , t8 = −t14 , t 7 = −t15 and t 6 = −t16
So, S 5 = S16 This is the reason for double answer .
19. t10 = 7 + (10 − 1) × 3 = 7 + 27 = 34 = first term
Required sum = 20
2 [2.34 + (20 − 1) × 3] = 10[68 + 57] = 1250 .
2
20. Let, the first term and common difference of the A.P. are x and d respectively.
p 2a
∴ S p = [2 x + ( p − 1)d ] = a or, = (2 x − d ) + pd
2 p
q 2b
S q = = [2 x + (q − 1)d ] = b or, = (2 x − d ) + qd
2 q
r 2c
and S r = [2 x + (r − 1)d ] = c or, = (2 x − d ) + rd
2 r
pqr  2a
∴ LHS =  (q − r ) + 2b (r − p ) + 2c ( p − q )
2  p q r 
pqr
= [{(2 x − d ) + pd }(q − r ) + {(2 x − d ) + qd }(r − p ) + {(2 x − d ) + rd }( p − q )]
2
pqr
= [(2 x − d )(q − r + r − p + p − q ) + d ( pq − pr + qr − pq + pr − qr )] = pqr × 0 = 0 = RHS .
2 2
21. The sum of first p terms of two A.P.’s are in the ratio (2 p + 7 ) : (2 p − 3)

∴
p
2 [2a1 + ( p − 1)d1 ] = 2 p + 7 2a1 + ( p − 1)d1 2 p + 7
or, =
p
2 [2a2 + ( p − 1)d 2 ] 2 p − 3 2a2 + ( p − 1)d 2 2 p − 3
2a1 + 18d1 2 × 19 + 7 38 + 7 45 9
Putting p = 19 we get, = = = =
2a 2 + 18d 2 2 × 19 − 3 38 − 3 35 7
a + 9d1 2a + 18d1 9
∴ The ratio of their 10th terms = 1 = 1 =
a2 + 9d 2 2a2 + 18d 2 7
22. a1 , a 2 , a3 − − − − − are in A.P. and sum of first k terms is S k
∴ S k = k2 {2a1 + (k − 1)d } ∴ S n = 2n {2a1 + (n − 1)d }, S m = m2 {2a1 + (n − 1)d }

Given,
Sn n2
= 2 or, m2 1
n
[2a + (n − 1)d ] = n 2 or, a (2m − 2n ) = d (mn − n − mn + m ) or, 2a = d .
Sm m 2
[2a1 + (m − 1)d ] m 2 1 1

a n+1 a1 + nd 2a + 2nd d + 2nd 2n + 1

= = 1 = = (proved)
a m+1 a1 + md 2a1 + 2md d + 2md 2m + 1
23. The 35th term of an A.P. is 69 ∴ a + 34d = 69
∴ Sum of the first 69 terms = 692 [2a + (69 − 1)d ]= 69 × [a + 34d ] = 69 × 69 = 4761
24. The middle term of an A.P. having (2n + 1) terms is m .
∴ t n+1 = m or, a + nd = m [ a = first term , d = Common difference ]
2n + 1
∴ Required sum S 2 n+1 = [2a + (2n )d ] = (2n + 1)(a + nd ) = m(2n + 1) (proved)
2
25. S n = 2n [2.8 + (n − 1)8] = 4n 2 + 4n ∴ S n + 1 = 4n 2 + 4n + 1 = (2n + 1) which is a perfect square.
2

26. 51 + 53 + 55 + − − − + t n = 5151
n
∴ [2 × 51 + (n − 1)2] = 5151 or, n[51 + (n − 1)] = 5151
2
or, n 2 + 50n − 5151 = 0 or, (n + 101)(n − 51) = 0
or, n = −101 , 51 ∴ n = 51 [Q n ≠ −101 ]
∴ t n = 51 + (n − 1)2 = 51 + (51 − 1)2 = 51 + 50 × 2 = 51 + 100 = 151
27. The first and last terms of an A.P. is a and l . Let S be the sum of first n terms .
∴ S = n2 {a + l} or, n = a2+Sl
l −a l 2 − a2
Again , l = a + (n − 1)d [ d = Common difference] ,∴ d = l −a
= = (proved)
2 S − (a + l )
n −1 2S
a +l − 1

3
28. Let, n be the number of terms.
2 [2 × 20 + (n − 1) × 8] > 1000
n
[ ] 2
or, 4 5n + n 2 − n > 1000 or, n 2 + 4n > 250 or, (n + 2 ) > 254
2 2
Q16 = 256 > 254 > 225 = 15 ∴ Least value of n + 2 = 16 ∴ least value of n = 14 .
2n
29. {2 × 2 + (2n − 1) × 3} = n {2 × 57 + (n − 1) × 2} or, 4 + 6n − 3 = 57 + (n − 1) or, 5n = 55 or, n = 11
2 2
30. Let, the first term, last term and common difference of the A.P are a, l and d respectively.
∴ a + (a + d ) + (a + 2d ) = x ------(i) and l + (l − d ) + (l − 2d ) = y ----------(ii)
x+ y n n
By (i) + (ii), 3(a + l ) = x + y or, a + l = ∴ S n = (a + l ) = ( x + y )
3 2 6
31. Let, three integers are a − d , a, a + d . ∴ a − d + a + a + d = 15 or, 3a = 15 or, a = 5
( )
Again, (a − d )a(a + d ) = 80 or, a a 2 − d 2 = 80 or, 5 25 − d 2 = 80 ( )
or, 25 − d = 16 or, d 2 = 25 − 16 = 9 or, d = ±3
2

∴ For, d = 3, the numbers are 2,5,8 and for, d = −3, the numbers are 8, 5, 2.
32. Let, the numbers are a − 3d , a − d , a + d and a + 3d .
∴ (a − 3d ) + (a − d ) + (a + d ) + (a + 3d ) = 20 or, 4a = 20 or, a = 5
2 2 2 2
and (a − 3d ) + (a − d ) + (a + d ) + (a + 3d ) = 120
( ) ( )
or, 2 a 2 + 9d 2 + 2 a 2 + d 2 = 120 or, 4a 2 + 20d 2 = 120 or, 20d 2 = 20 (Q a = 5 ) or, d = ±1
For, d = 1, numbers are 2, 4, 6, 8 and for d = −1, numbers are 8, 6, 4, 2
33. Let, four positive numbers are a − 3d , a − d , a + d , a + 3d .
2 2
( )
Given, (a − 3d ) + (a + 3d ) = 272 or, 2 a 2 + 9d 2 = 272 or, a 2 + 9d 2 = 136 -------------(1)
2 2
( )
and (a − d ) + (a + d ) = 208 or, 2 a + d = 208 or, a 2 + d 2 = 104 -------------------- (2)
2 2

(1) - (2) 8d 2 = 136 − 104 = 32 or, d 2 = 4 or, d = ±2

∴ a 2 = 104 − d 2 = 104 − 4 = 100 or, a = 10 (Q numbers are positive)
∴ The numbers are 4,8,12,16 or, 16, 12, 8, 4.
34. A = first term , d = Common difference
p th and q th terms of an A.P. be a and b respectively.
∴ A + ( p − 1)d = a -------(i) and A + (q − 1)d = b -----------(ii)
a−b
By (i) – (ii), we get, d ( p − q ) = a − b or, d = .
p−q

∴ S p+ q =
p+q
[2 A + ( p + q − 1)d ] = p + q [A + ( p − 1)d + A + (q − 1)d + d ] = p + q a + b + a − b 
2 2 2  p − q
35. The first , second and last terms of an A.P. be a, b, c respectively .
∴ c = a + (n − 1)(b − a ) [Q Common difference = b − a ]
c−a c−a c − a + b − a b + c − 2a
∴ (n − 1) = or, n = +1 = =
b−a b−a b−a b−a
n
∴ S n = (a + c ) =
b + c − 2a
[a + c] = (a + c )(b + c − 2a )
2 2(b − a ) 2(b − a )
36. The sums of n , 2n and 3n terms of an A.P. be S1 , S 2 and S 3 respectively

∴ S1 =
n
[2a + (n − 1)d ] , S 2 = 2n [2a + (2n − 1)d ], S3 = 3n [2a + (3n − 1)d ]
2 2 2
3(S 2 − S1 ) = 3[n{2a + (2n − 1)d } − n2 {2a + (n − 1)d }] = 32n {2a + (3n − 1)d } = S 3 ∴ S 3 = 3(S 2 − S1 ) (proved).
37. S n be the sum of first n terms of an A.P. S n = n2 {2a + (n − 1)d }
The given condition S 2 n = 5S n
2 {2 a + (2 n − 1)d } = 2 {2a + (n − 1)d } or, 2{2 a + (2 n − 1)d } = 5{2a + (n − 1)d }
2n 5n

4
 or, 4a + (4n − 2 )d = 10a + (5n − 5)d
or, − 6a = d [5n − 5 − 4n + 2] = d (n − 3)
S 3n 3n
{2a + (3n − 1)d } 3{6a + (9n − 3)d } 3{− d (n − 3) + (9n − 3)d } 3 × 8n 12
= 22n = = = =
S 2n { (
2 2a + 2n − 1 d
) } 2{6a + (6n − 3)d } 2{− d (n − 3) + (6n − 3)d } 2 × 5n 5
38. S n+3 − 3S n+ 2 + 3S n+1 − S n = (S n +3 − S n + 2 ) − 2(S n + 2 − S n +1 ) + (S n +1 − S n )
= t n +3 − 2t n + 2 + t n+1 ( t n = n th term of the A.P.)
= (t n +3 − t n + 2 ) − (t n+ 2 − t n +1 ) = d – d (d = common difference) = 0 .
 1 1 1  1 1 1  1 1 1
39. Q a + c = 2b ∴ a + +  + c + +  = 2b + + 
a b c a b c a b c
1 1 1 1   1 1 
or, 1 + a +  + 1 + c +  = 2 1 + b + 
b c a b   a c 
1 1  1 1  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
or, a +  + c +  = 2b +  ∴ a +  , b +  , c +  are in A.P.
b c a b a c b c c a a b
40. Given , a + c = 2b
a 2 (b + c ) + b 2 (c + a ) + c 2 (a + b ) = b(a 2 + c 2 ) + ac(a + c ) + b 2 .2b
[
= b a 2 + c 2 + 2ac + 2b 2 ]
[
= b (a + c ) + 2b 2
2
]
2
= b[(2b )
2
]
+ 2b 2 = b × 6b 2 = (2b + b )3 = 2 (a + b + c )3 .
9 9
41. Given , a + c = 2b
LHS = (a + c )(2a + b + 2c ) = 2b[2(a + c ) + b] = 2b[2 × 2b + b] = 2b × 5b = 10b 2 = RHS
42. b − a = c − b or, ( b+ a )( b− a = ) ( c + b )( c − b )
or,
( b − a) = ( c − b)
or,
( c + b )− ( c + a ) = ( c + a )− ( b + a )
( c + b) ( b + a) ( c + b )( c + a ) ( b + a )( c + a )
1 1 1 1
or, − = −
c+ a b+ c a+ b c+ a
1 1 1
∴ , , are in A.P.
b+ c c+ a a+ b
43. Let b − c = p , c − a = q , a − b = r ∴ p + q + r = 0.
∴ p , q , r are in A.P. or, q − p = r 2 − q 2
2 2 2 2 2

or, (q − p )( p + q ) = (r + q )(r − q )
r ( p − q ) p (q − r ) 1 1 1 1
or, − r (q − p ) = − p (r − q ) or, = or, − = −
pqr pqr q p r q
1 1 1 1 1 1
∴ , , are in A.P. ∴ , , are in A.P. (proved)
p q r b−c c−a a−b
b a c b
44. − = −
c+a b+c a+b c+a
b  a  c  b 
or, +1−  + 1 = +1−  + 1
c+a b+ c  a +b c+a 
a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c 1 1 1 1
or, − = − or, − = − (If a + b + c ≠ 0 )
c+a b+c a+b c+a c+a b+c a+b c+a
1 1 1
∴ , , are in A.P.
b+c c+a a+b

5
 4m
45. S 4 m = 44 S m or, [u1 + u 4m ] = 44 × m [u1 + u m ] or, u1 + 24 = 11(u1 + 4)
2 2
or, − 10u1 = 20 or, u1 = −2
Again, u m = 4 or, u1 + (m − 1)d = 4 ( d = common difference) or, (m − 1)d = (4 + 2 ) = 6
And u 4 m = 24 or, u1 + (4m − 1)d = 24 or, (4m − 1)d = 24 + 2 = 26

∴
(4m − 1)d = 26 = 13 or, 12m − 3 = 13m − 13 or, m = 10
(m − 1)d 6 3
46. i) a 2 − a1 = a3 − a 2 = a4 − a3 = − − − − −− = an − a n−1 = d (Say)
1 1 1
+ +−−−−+
a1 + a2 a 2 + a3 a n−1 + an
1  a2 − a1 a3 − a 2 an − an−1 
=  + +−−−−+ 
d  a1 + a 2 a 2 + a3 an−1 + a n 
1
=
d
[( a2 − a1 + ) ( a − a )+ − − − − +( a − a )]
3 2 n n −1

1 a −a a + (n − 1)d − a n −1
=
d
[ an − a ]=
1
n

d( a + a )
= 1 1

d( a + a )
= 1

an + a1
(proved)
n 1 n 1

ii) a 2 − a1 = a3 − a 2 = a4 − a3 = − − − − −− = an − a n−1 = d (Say)

1 d d d d 
LHS =  + + +−−−+ 
d a1a 2 a2 a3 a3 a4 an−1an 
1  a − a1 a3 − a2 a4 − a3 a − an−1 
=  2 + + +−−−+ n 
d  a1a 2 a2 a3 a3 a4 an−1an 
1  1 1   1 1  1 1   1 1 
=  −  +  −  +  −  + − − − +  −  
d  a1 a 2   a 2 a3   a3 a 4   a n −1 a n  
1 a − a1 1 a + (n − 1)d − a1 1 (n − 1)d n − 1
= × n = × 1 = × = = RHS.
d a1an d a1an d a1an a1an
47. If t n be the nth term of the given series then
1
tn =
(nth term of the A.P.1,4,7 − − − ) × (nth term of the A.P.3,5,7 − − − − )
1 1 1 (3n + 1) − (3n − 2 ) 1  1 1 
= = = =  −
[1 + (n − 1)3]× [4 + (n − 1)3] (3n − 2)(3n + 1) 3 (3n − 2)(3n + 1) 3  3n − 2 3n + 1
S n = t1 + t2 + t3 + − − − − − − − − − + tn
1 1 1  1  1 1  1  1 1  1 1 1 
=  −  +  −  +  −  +-----------------------+  −
3 1 4  3  4 7  3  7 16  3  3n − 2 3n + 1
1  1 1   1 1   1 1   1 1 
=  −  +  −  +  −  + − − − − − − − − + − 
3  1 4   4 7   7 10   3n − 2 3n + 1 
1 1  1  3n + 1 − 1 n
= 1 −  =   =
3  3n + 1 3  3n + 1  3n + 1
48. Let 15a = p , 5b = q , 3c = r
( )
25 9a 2 + b 2 + 9c 2 − 15(5ab + bc + 3ca ) ≤ 0
2 2 2
or, p + q + r − pq − qr − rp ≤ 0 or, 1
2 [( p − q ) 2 2
+ (q − r ) + (r − p ) ≤ 0
2
]
2 2 2
But, ( p − q ) + (q − r ) + (r − p ) </ 0 ∴ p = q = r or, 15a = 5b = 3c or, a = b3 = 5c = k
∴ a = k , b = 3k , c = 5k ∴ a, b, c are in A.P. (proved) .
6
49. Let, the 5 A.M.’S are a1 , a 2 , a3 , a 4 and a5 ∴ 5, a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 ,10 are in A.P.
∴10 = 5 + (7 − 1)d ( d = Common difference) ∴ d = 56
∴ a1 = 5 + 56 = , a 2 = 356 + 56 = 203 , a3 = 203 + 56 = 152 , a 4 = 152 + 56 = 253 , a5 = 253 + 56 = 556
35
6

50. Let, a1 , a2 , a3 − − − −−, an are n arithmetic means between 4 and 31.

∴ 4 + (n + 2 − 1)d = 31 or, (n + 1)d = 27
4 + 2d 5
Again = or, 56 + 28d = 155 − 5d or, 33d = 99 or, d = 3 ∴ n + 1 = 9 or, n = 8
31 − d 14
51. Required Sum = 100 + 106 + 112 + 118 + − − − − +994
Let, number of terms is n . ∴ 994 = 100 + (n − 1)6 or, 6n = 900 or , n = 150
150
∴ Sum = (100 + 994) = 75 × 1094 = 82050 .
2
n
52. t n = + b ∴ S r = t1 + t 2 + t3 + − − − − +t r
a
1  2  3  r 
=  + b +  + b +  + b + − − − +  + b
 a   a   a   a 
1 1 r (r + 1)
= (1 + 2 + 3 + − − + r ) + rb = + rb .
a a 2
53. t n = 0 or, t1 + (n − 1)d = 0 ( d = Common difference)
n
∴ t1 + t3 + t5 + − − − − upto n terms = [2t1 + (n − 1).2d ] = n[t1 + (n − 1)d ] = n × 0 = 0
2
54. i) t n = (n th term of 1,3,5,7 − −−) × (n th term of 3,6,9,12,− − − ) = (2n − 1)3n = 6n 2 − 3n
S n = t1 + t 2 + t 3 + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + t n
( ) ( ) ( )
= 6.12 − 3.1 + 6.22 − 3.2 + 6.32 − 3.3 +------------------+ 6n 2 − 3.n ( )
( )
= 6 12 + 2 2 + 32 + − − − + n 2 − 3(1 + 2 + 3 + − − − + n )
6n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 3.n(n + 1) n(n + 1)
= − = [2(2n + 1) − 3] = n(n + 1) (4n − 1)
6 2 2 2
th th th
ii) t n = (n term of 1,2,3 − −−) × (n term of 3,5,7 − −−) × (n term of 4,8,12 − − − −)
= n(2n + 1)4n = 4n 2 (2n + 1) = 8n 3 + 4n 2
S n = t1 + t 2 + t 3 + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + t n
= (8.1 + 4.1 ) + (8.2 + 4.2 ) + (8.3 + 4.3 ) + ------------+ (8n
3 2 3 2 3 2 3
+ 4.n 2 )
= 8(1 + 2 + 3 + − − − + n ) + 4(1 + 2 + 3 + − − − + n )
3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2

2 2
 n(n + 1)  4n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n 2 (n + 1) 4n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
= 8.  + = 8. +
 2  6 4 6
2n(n + 1) 2 2n(n + 1) 2
=
3
[
3n + 3n + 2n + 1 =
3
]
3n + 5n + 1 ( )
iii) ∴ t n = (n + 2 )n 2 = n 3 + 2n 2
S n = t1 + t 2 + t 3 + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + t n
( ) ( ) ( )
= 13 + 2.12 + 23 + 2.2 2 + 33 + 2.32 +------------------------------+ n 3 + 2. n 2 ( )
( ) (
= 13 + 23 + 33 + − − − + n3 + 2 12 + 22 + − − − + n 2 )
2 2
 n(n + 1)  n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n 2 (n + 1) n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
=  +2 = +
 2  6 4 3
n(n + 1)
= [3n(n + 1) + 4(2n + 1)] = n(n + 1) 3n 2 + 11n + 4 [ ]
12 12

7
55. i) S n = 2 + 5 + 10 + 17 + 26 + − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − + t n
Sn = 2 + 5 + 10 + 17 + − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − + t n −1 + t n
– – – – –
____________________________________________________ – –
0 = 2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + − − − − − − − − − − − − − − +(t n − t n−1 ) − t n
∴ t n = 2 + [3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + ----------------- upto (n − 1) terms]
n −1
= 2+ [2 ⋅ 3 + (n − 1 − 1) ⋅ 2] = 2 + (n − 1) (n + 1) = 2 + n 2 − 1 = n 2 + 1
2
∴ S n = t1 + t 2 + t 3 + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + t n
( ) ( ) ( )
= 12 + 1 + 2 2 + 1 + 3 2 + 1 + − − − − − + n 2 + 1 ( )
= (1 2 2 2
+ 2 + 3 + − − − − − − − − +n + n 2
)
n(n + 1) (2n + 1) n n
=
6
( )
+ n = 2n 2 + 3n + 1 + 6 = 2n 2 + 3n + 7
6 6
( )
ii) S n = 3 + 4 + 8 + 15 + 25 + − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − + t n
Sn = 3 + 4 + 8 + 15 + − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − + t n −1 + t n
– – – – –
____________________________________________________ – –
0 = 3 + 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + − − − − − − − − − − − − − − +(t n − t n −1 ) − t n
∴ t n = 3 + [1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + ----------------- upto (n − 1) terms]

[2 ⋅1 + (n − 1 − 1) ⋅ 3] = 3 + (n − 1) (3n − 4) = 3n − 7n + 10 = 3 ⋅ n 2 − 7 ⋅ n + 5
2
n −1
= 3+
2 2 2 2 2
∴ S n = t1 + t 2 + t 3 + t 4 + − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − +t n
3 7  3 7  3 7  3 7 
=  ⋅ 12 − ⋅ 1 + 5 +  ⋅ 2 2 − ⋅ 2 + 5 +  ⋅ 3 2 − ⋅ 3 + 5 + − − − − +  ⋅ n 2 − ⋅ n + 5
2 2  2 2  2 2  2 2 
3 7
( )
= 12 + 2 2 + 3 2 + − − − − − − + n 2 − (1 + 2 + 3 + − − − − + n ) + 5n
2 2
3 n(n + 1) (2n + 1) 7 n(n + 1) n
= − ⋅ + 5n = [2n 2 + 3n + 1 − 7 n − 7 + 20]
2 6 2 2 4
n n
= [2n 2 − 4n + 14] = [n 2 − 2n + 7]
4 2
iii) S n = 1 + 5 + 12 + 22 + 35 + − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − + t n
S n = 1 + 5 + 12 + 22 + − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − + t n−1 + t n
– – – – – – –
____________________________________________________
0 = 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 + − − − − − − − − − − − − − − +(t n − t n−1 ) − t n
n n(3n − 1) 3 2 1
∴ t n = 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 + ---------- upto n terms = [2 ⋅ 1 + (n − 1) ⋅ 3] = = n − n
2 2 2 2
∴ S n = t1 + t 2 + t 3 + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + t n
3 1  3 1  3 1  3 1 
=  ⋅ 12 − ⋅ 1 +  ⋅ 2 2 − ⋅ 2  +  ⋅ 3 2 − ⋅ 3  + − − − − + ⋅ n 2 − ⋅ n 
2 2  2 2  2 2  2 2 
3 1
( )
= 12 + 2 2 + 3 2 + − − − − − − − − + n 2 − (1 + 2 + 3 + − − − − − + n )
2 2
3 n(n + 1) (2n + 1) 1 n(n + 1) n(n + 1)
(2n + 1 − 1) = n (n + 1)
2
= ⋅ − ⋅ =
2 6 2 2 4 2

8
 n(n + 1)
56. i) Removing brackets we get, number of terms = 1 + 2 + 3 + − − − − + n =
2
n(n + 1)
∴ Required sum = 1 + 2 + 3 + − − − − upto terms
2
1 n(n + 1)  n(n + 1)  n(n + 1) n 2 + n + 2 ( )
= ⋅  + 1 = .
2 2  2  8
3 3
ii) t n = (n th term of 3,5,7 − − − −−) 3 − (n th term of 2,4,6 − −−) 3 = (2n + 1) − (2n )
= 8n 3 + 3.4n 2 + 3.2n.1 + 1 − 8n 3 = 12n 2 + 6n + 1
S n = t1 + t 2 + t 3 + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + t n
( ) ( ) ( )
= 12.12 + 6.1 + 1 + 12.22 + 6.2 + 1 + 12.32 + 6.3 + 1 +----------------+ 12n 2 + 6n + 1 ( )
( 2 2 2 2
)
= 12 1 + 2 + 3 + − − − − + n + 6(1 + 2 + 3 + − − − + n ) + n
n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 6.n(n + 1)
= 12. + + n = n(n + 1)(4n + 2 + 3) + n = n(n + 1)(4n + 5) + n
6 2
(
= n 4 n 2 + 9n + 6 )
iii) t r = (r th term of n, n − 1, n − 2,− − −−) × ( r th term of 1,2,3,− − −) = (n − r + 1)r = (n + 1)r − r 2
S n = t1 + t 2 + t 3 + − − − − − − − − − − − − − + t n
[ ] [ ] [ ]
= (n + 1).1 − 12 + (n + 1).2 − 2 2 + (n + 1).3 − 32 + ----------------------- + (n + 1).n − n 2 [ ]
= (n + 1)(1 + 2 + − − − + n ) − 1 + 2 + 3 + − − − + n( 2 2 2 2
)
n(n + 1) n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n(n + 1)
= (n + 1) − = [3n + 3 − 2n − 1] = n(n + 1)(n + 2)
2 6 6 6
iv) 2 − 3 + 4 − 5 + 6 + − − − − + upto (2n + 1) terms = 2 + [− 3 + 4 − 5 + 6 + − − − − upto 2n terms ]
= 2 + [(− 3 + 4 ) + (− 5 + 6 ) + − − − − upto n terms]
= 2 + [1 + 1 + 1 + − − − − upto n terms] = 2 + n .
n(n + 1) 1 2 1 1
57. S n = = (n + n ) = n 2 + n
2 2 2 2
1 2 1
∴ S1 + S 2 + S 3 + − − − − + S n = (1 + 2 2 + 32 + − − − + n 2 ) + (1 + 2 + 3 + − − − + n )
2 2
1 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) 1 n(n + 1)
= . + .
2 6 2 2
1 n(n + 1)  2n + 1 
= + 1
2 2  3 
n(n + 1)  2n + 1 + 3  n(n + 1)(2n + 4 ) n(n + 1)(n + 2 )
=  = =
4  3 12 6
58. (n + 1)2 + (n + 2)2 + (n + 3)2 + − − − − − − − − − − − + 4n 2
= 12 + 2 2 + 3 2 + − − − − − − + n 2 + (n + 1) + (n + 2 ) + − − − − +(2n ) − (12 + 2 2 + 3 2 + − − − + n 2 )
2 2 2

2n(2n + 1) (2 ⋅ 2n + 1) n(n + 1) (2n + 1) n(2n + 1)

= − = (8n + 2 − n − 1) = n(2n + 1) (7n + 1)
6 6 6 6
59. a n = (a n − a n−1 ) + (a n−1 − a n− 2 ) + (a n− 2 − a n−3 ) + − − − − − + (a3 − a 2 ) + (a 2 − a1 ) + a1
= 2n + 2(n − 1) + 2(n − 2 ) + − − − − − + 2 ⋅ 3 + 2 ⋅ 2 + 2
2n(n + 1)
= 2(1 + 2 + 3 + − − − − − + n ) = = n2 + n
2
∴ a1 + a 2 + a3 + − − − − − − − − − − − + a 20
( ) ( ) ( )
= 12 + 1 + 2 2 + 2 + 3 2 + 3 + − − − − − − − + 20 2 + 20 ( )
= (12 2 2 2
)
+ 2 + 3 + − − − − −20 + (1 + 2 + 3 + − − − − − − 20)

9
 20 × 21 × 41 20 × 21
= + = 2870 + 210 = 3080 .
6 2
n(n + 1)
60. Pn = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + − − − − − − − upto n terms =
2
n
Qn = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + − − − − − − upto n terms = [2 ⋅1 + (n − 1) ⋅ 2] = n 2
2
n n(3n − 1)
Rn = 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 + − − − − − − upto n terms = [2 ⋅1 + (n − 1) ⋅ 3] =
2 2
n(n + 1) n(3n − 1) n
∴ Pn + Rn = + = (n + 1 + 3n − 1) = 2n 2 = 2Qn
2 2 2
61. Let, the number of boys be n
n 1
∴  2 ⋅ 7 + (n − 1) ⋅  = 153 (here, a = 7 yrs, d = 3 months = 1/4 yrs)
2 4
n
or, [n + 55] = 153 or, n 2 + 55n − 1224 = 0 or, (n + 72) (n − 17 ) = 0 or, n = 17 (Q n ≠ −72 )
8
∴ Number of boys in the class is 17.
62. Let, the initial salary of the office assistant is a and his rate of annual increment is d
∴ a + 20d = 5000 ----------- (i) and a + 28d = 5800 --------------- (ii)
By (ii) – (i), 8d = 800 or, d = 100 ∴ a = 5000 − 2000 = 3000
Let, at n th year his salary is 6200. ∴ 3000 + (n − 1)100 = 6200 or, n − 1 = 32 or, n = 33
∴ Duration of his service is 33 years.
63. Let, the number of sides of the polygon is n
n n
∴ Total internal angle = [2 ⋅ 120° + (n − 1)5°] = [n + 47] 5°
2 2
Again, total internal angle = 2(n − 2 ) × 90°
n
∴ (n + 47 )5° = 2(n − 2 ) × 90°
2
or, n(n + 47 ) = 72(n − 2 ) or, n 2 + 47n = 72n − 144
or, n 2 − 25n + 144 = 0 or, (n − 9 ) (n − 16 ) = 0 ∴ n = 9 or, n = 16
But, for n = 16 , 13th angle (if arranged in increasing order)
= 120° + (13 − 1) 5° = 180° which is not possible. ∴ n = 9
∴ Number of sides of the polygon is 9.
64. Let, at n th year the salary of the man is reached to Rs. 1120.
∴ 800 + (n − 1) 20 = 1120 or, (n − 1) 20 = 320 or, n − 1 = 16 or, n = 17
Total amount of money earned by the man in 15 years
15
= [2 ⋅ 800 + (15 − 1) 20]× 12 = 90[1600 + 280] = 90 × 1880 = 169200
2
Total amount of money earned by the man in 22 years
= money earned in first 17 years + money earned in last 5 years with a constant salary Rs. 1120
17
= (800 + 1120 ) × 12 + 5 × 1120 × 12 = 102 × 1920 + 67200 = 195840 + 67200 = 263040
2
65. Let, at n th day second man catches the first man.
n 1 n −1
∴ 10n = 2 ⋅ 8 + (n − 1) ⋅  or, 20 = 16 + or, n − 1 = 8 or, n = 9
2 2 2
∴ After 9th day i.e. at 10th day the second man overtakes the first man.

FUTURE GATE, C/23 School road, Sodepur 9830183298, 9062340430

10