Jeppesen manual (JM) => 11 sections

The number of sections that included within the jeppesen manual is ……………
ANS : 11 section

First section : introduction

 Chart glossary => Unique ICAO definitions commonly used in Jeppesen publications
ICAO definitions:
 Aerodrome elevation : The elevation of the highest point of the landing area.
 Altitude :The vertical distance of a level, point or an object considered as a point, measured from mean sea level.
 Elevation :The vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface of the earth, measured from mean
sea level.
 Height : The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object considered as a point, measured from a specified
datum.
 Threshold : The beginning of that portion of the runway usable for landing
 Transition altitude : The altitude at or below which the vertical position of the aircraft is controlled by reference to
altitudes.
 Transition layer : The airspace between the transition altitude and the transition level.
 Transition level : The lowest flight level available for use above the transition altitude.
 Minimum descent altitude/height : A specified altitude/height in a non-precision approach or circling approach
below which descent may not be made without visual reference
 Flight level : A surface of constant atmospheric pressure which is related to a specific pressure datum 1013.2 hPa,
and is separated from other such surfaces by specific pressure levels.
 Decision altitude or decision height : A specified altitude or height in the precision approach at which a missed
approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established. DA
is referenced to mean sea level; DH is referenced to the threshold elevation.
 Abbreviations
 QFE: The atmospheric pressure at aerodrome elevation, or at runway threshold.
 QNH: The altimeter sub-scale reading to obtain elevation when on the ground
 QNE: is the height indicated on landing at an aerodrome when the altimeter sub-scale is set to 1013.2 hPa.
 Navaid symbols (navigation symbols) and boundaries symbols
 Only symbols of navigation aids without any details
 Navaid identification => The shadow box is used when the navaid is associated with an airway or route
 Identification of navigation aids
 Morse-code of navigation aids
 Navaid communication data (communication box) and restricted airspaces
 Name of navigation aids
 Frequency of navigation aids
 Identification of navigation aids
 Morse-code of navigation aids
 coordination
 Prohibited airspaces and dangerous airspaces
 Controlled Airspace & ICAO Airspace Classifications
 En route chart legend => symbols and abbreviations regarded the (en route ) => orders that pilot must achieve it during flight

En route chart / airway chart

Arrival chart
(STARs)

Departure chart T.O.C T.O.D

(SIDs) approach chart

Departure aerodrome Arrival chart => when he descent to point until he enters Arrival aerodrome
the ATZ
Approach chart (landing chart) => when he enters the
ATZ to make touch down

Airport diagram/airport chart Airport diagram/airport chart

Airport diagram: is a graphical representation of the layout and infrastructure of an airport. It provides detailed
information about the physical layout of the airport, including:Runways,Taxiways,Aprons-Gates,Terminal Buildings-control
Towers,Navigation Aids (NAVAIDs),Communication Frequencies

Departure chart: typically refers to a graphical representation used in aviation to assist pilots with the safe and efficient departure from
an airport.

Airway /en-route chart: is a type of aeronautical chart used by pilots and air traffic controllers to navigate aircraft along designated
airways, which are predefined routes in the sky that connect various navigation points, such as way-points, VORs (VHF Omnidirectional
Range), or NDBs (Non-Directional Beacons).

Arrival chart: is a type of aeronautical chart designed to assist pilots in safely and efficiently navigating the approach phase of a flight,
specifically during the transition from the en-route phase to the approach phase when nearing an airport also, used in conjunction with
Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STARs), which are predefined routes that guide aircraft into an airport's terminal airspace.

Approach chart/landing chart: is an aeronautical chart used by pilots to navigate the final stages of an aircraft's descent and
landing at an airport.

Second section : (low) en route and (high) en route

Low (en route)
 low level en route charts have defined upper limits
 En route chart / airway chart
 Low altitude en route charts
 Significant point
High (en route)
 High level en route charts have defined upper and lower limits
 En route chart and airway chart
 High altitude en route charts
 Significant point
From MSL to defined upper limit => low en route chart
From upper limit of (low en route) to defined up to another upper limit => high en route chart

THE LOW LEVEL CHARTS ARE CONTAINED IN SECTION MARKED AS “EN ROUTE”
In low level chart => shaded area depicts uncontrolled airspace and white area depicts controlled airspace

THE HIGH LEVEL CHARTS ARE CONTAINED IN SECTION MARKED AS “ HIGH EN ROUTE”
All upper levels of airspaces is controlled airspace => white colour

Third section : air traffic control services (ATS)

 Includes instructions for communicating special reports of significant weather phenomena and volcanic activity
 Flight plan (completion of flight plan)
 Repetitive flight plan (RPL ) listing form

Fourth section: terminal

 Charts detailing the arrival and departure procedures
 SIDs and STARs
 Airport diagram/ chart
 Departure chart
 Arrival chart
 Approach chart
 All charts exclude en route charts/airways charts

Fifth section : VFR

Q1: The section in jeppesen manual that illustrate all charts exclude airway chart is considered to be …………….. and the number of it is
………… in jeppesen manual

ANS: terminal , fourth section

Departure standard :
Example: Every 1 NM => climb 200 feet => climb rate => 200 feet per 1 NM
If the distance between the end of the RW and the obstacle is 10NM and climb rate is 200 feet per NM then the aircraft will arrive to 2000
feet after pass 10 NM over the obstacle

Climb gradient => standard for each aerodrome

In aviation, the climb gradient refers to the rate at which an aircraft gains altitude during the climb phase of flight, typically expressed as a
ratio of vertical distance (altitude) gained per horizontal distance traveled. It is usually given in units such as feet per nautical mile (ft/nm) or
as a percentage
Obstacle slope => when the aircraft can’t able to achieve climb gradient
In aviation, an obstacle slope refers to the calculated angle of ascent that an aircraft must maintain to safely clear any obstacles (such as
buildings, towers, or terrain) during takeoff, climb, or approach.
NODP => no departure procedures => two conditions ( not has departure chart/SIDs chart) (can’t able to achieve the obstacle slope)

When 1013.2 hPa is set on the sub-scale the height indicated on the pressure altimeter with the aircraft on the ground is known as the
………….. ANS: QNE

setting is used for some high level aerodromes where the QFE would be so low as to be outside the limits of the sub-scale
Setting is ……………. ANS: QNE

QNE is: Altimeter setting 29.92”Hg or 1013.2 hPa.

When the altimeter setting is set to………….Hg this pressure indicated to the QNE
ANS: 29.92”

Chart is used for in conjunction with the enclosed charts, and designed primarily for airway instrument navigation using cockpit
instruments, radio communications and ground based radio navigation aids ; this chart called ………………… ANS: en route chart
legend

The type of projection of en-route chart legend that majority use is ………………..
ANS: Lambert conformal conic projection

The colour of the symbols on en route chart legend is…………..on single -colour charts and …………………. on two-colour charts
ANS: blue, green

ICAO Airspace Classification is designated by the letters from ……..to……. ans : A TO G

In class ……….. “IFR flights only are permitted; all flights are subject to ATC service and are separated from each other”
ANS : A

In class ………. “IFR and VFR flights are permitted and receive flight information service if requested”
ANS : G

In class ……….. “IFR and VFR flights are permitted; all participating IFR flights receive an air traffic advisory service and all flights receive
flight information service if requested”
ANS : F
In class ……… “IFR and VFR flights are permitted; IFR flights are subject to ATC service and are separated from other IFR flights. All flights
receive traffic information as far as is practicable”
ANS : E

In class ……… “ IFR and VFR flights are permitted and all flights are subject to ATC service; IFR flights are separated from other IFR flights
and receive traffic information in respect of VFR flights; VFR flights receive traffic information in respect to all other flights”
ANS : D

In class ……..” IFR and VFR flights are permitted and all flights are subject to ATC service and IFR flights are separated from other IFR
flights and from VFR flights”
ANS : C

In class …….. “IFR and VFR flights are permitted; all flights are subject to ATC service and are separated from each other”
ANS: B
Air Traffic Services (ATS) Routes/Standard Routes
The width of an airway is 5 NM either side of a straight line joining each two consecutive points

Upper ATS routes and Advisory Routes have no declared width but for the purposes of ATS provision are deemed to be 5 NM either
side of a straight line joining each two consecutive points

LOWER ATS ROUTES which have an upper limit of FL245.

LOWER ATS ROUTES - (ATS ADVISORY ROUTES). These have a maximum upper limit of FL240.
The route designator for an Advisory Route always ends with D, e.g. A1D, N562D.
Advisory Routes, class F airspace, are thus not established within Controlled Airspace and are designated routes along which Air Traffic
Advisory Service is available

Controlled airspace => A,B,C,D,E

UN-controlled airspace => F,G

An Air Traffic Advisory Service is a service provided within advisory airspace to ensure separation, in so far as is practical, between aircraft
which are operating on IFR flight plans.

Controlled Airspace is airspace of defined dimensions within which Air Traffic Control Service is provided to IFR and VFR flights in
accordance with the airspace classification A, B, C, D and E

What are the objectives of providing ATS?

1) Prevent collision between aircraft
2) Prevent collision between aircraft and any vehicle
3) Provide necessary information to the aircraft in flight
4) Expedite and maintain orderly flow of air traffic
5) Notify an aircraft needed for search and rescue

LOWER ATS ROUTES - (CONDITIONAL ROUTES (CDR)): These routes are usable only under specified conditions

UPPER ATS ROUTES from FL245 to FL460. The route designator is always preceded by U, e.g. UA1, UB40

UPPER ATS ROUTES - (CONDITIONAL ROUTES (CDR)): These routes are usable only under specified conditions

SID stands for standard instrument departure

STAR stands for standard terminal arrival routes

The charts that provide a graphical (i.e. not to scale) illustration of the governing authority’s prescribed procedures are…………………..
ANS => SID and STAR legend

Terrain information may be depicted on area charts when terrain within the area chart coverage rises more than 4000 ft above the main
airport
Information that is useful for visual orientation and general visualization of terrain and It does not replace the minimum altitudes dictated
by the airway and air route structure is ……………………..
ANS => terrain information

Area Charts:
Departure and arrival routes.
Speed Limit Point.
Man-made structures.
Depiction of communication frequencies.

The Grid Minimum Off-route Altitude (Grid MORA)/ minimum safety altitude values clear all terrain and man-made structures by 1000 ft in
areas where the highest elevations are 5000 ft AMSL or lower. MORA values clear all terrain and man-made structures by 2000 ft in areas
where the highest
elevations are 5001 ft AMSL or higher
When a Grid MORA is shown as “Un-surveyed ” it is due to incomplete or insufficient information.

Maximum Authorized Altitude (MAA) : A published altitude representing the maximum usable altitude or flight level for an airspace
structure or route segment.
E means that even altitudes/flight levels, in thousands of feet, are used in the arrow’s direction and odd altitudes/flight levels in the
opposite; contrary to ICAO Semi-circular rules.
O means that odd altitudes/flight levels, in thousands of feet, are used in the arrow’s direction. It is used only on one-way airways.

PPR means that Prior Permission is Required from ATC for flight in the arrow’s direction.

Minimum off-route altitude => The MORA provides known obstacle clearance within 10 NM of the route centre line.

Minimum En route IFR Altitude (MEA) :The lowest published altitude between radio fixes that meets obstacle clearance requirements
between those fixes and in many countries assures acceptable navigational signal coverage
The MEA applies to the entire width of the airway, segment or route between the radio fixes defining the airway, segment or route.

Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude (MOCA): The lowest published altitude in effect between radio fixes on VOR airways (i.e. below
18000 MSL), off-airway routes or route segments which meet obstacle clearance requirements for the entire route segment

Airway and Routes and Centrelines:

Airways.
Types of reporting points.
LF bearings (to the navaid) and radials (from the navaid).
Holding patterns.

Navaid/Communications Data
This section shows how a navaid’s operational status is depicted; the availability of a TWEB (continuous weather broadcast); an SABH radio
beacons’ primary function is to transmit continuous automatic weather information

TACAN stands for => (Tactical Air Navigation)

The legend which is for use in conjunction with the enclosed charts,and are designed primarily for airway instrument navigation using
cockpit instruments, radio communications and ground based radio navigation aids is …………….
ANS: en route legend chart

VOR => used to define the center line of the airway

ATZ : an airspace of detailed dimensions established around an aerodrome for the protection of aerodrome traffic
Advisory route : designated route along which air traffic advisory service is available
AFIS : a directed traffic information and operational information service provided within an aerodrome flight information zone to all radio
equipped aircraft to assist in the safe and efficient conduct of flight

IF the obstacle height is 45FL then the minimum safety altitude is …………….and minimum grid area altitude is ……………
ANS : MSA=> 4500+1000 = 5500 feet , minimum grid area altitude = 55

The location identifier of the CAIRO airport is ………………..and of the CAIRO FIR is …………………..
ANS :=> HECA, HECC

The number of sectors in CAIRO FIR is ……………..

ANS: 6 sectors

Plain language in-flight weather broadcasts = VOLMET