VERY SHORT answerryPe 1 ‘What is the dimensional formula for induced emf? Answer. ML? TAY), ‘On which of the following the emf induced in a coil does not depend? Number of turns in the coil, resistance of the coil, rate of change of magnetic flux. Answer. It does not depend upon the resistance of the coil. . Does Lenz's law hold for an open circuit? Answer. Yes, it does hold. . Write the dimensional formula of coefficient of self- induction. 5. Name two factors on which the self-inductance of an air- core coil depends. Answer. Number of turns in the coil and its radius. . How does the self-inductance of a coil depend on the number of turns of the coil? Answer. L x N?. - Give two factors on which self-inductance of a long solenoid depends. Answer. Number of turns, permeability of core material. . If the number of turns of a solenoid is doubled, keeping the other factors constant, how does the self-inductance of the solenoid change? Answer. L becomes 4 times the initial value. ). What is the effect of metallic core on the self-inductance of a coil or of a solenoid? Answer. It increases. 10. i. 12. 13. 14. 15. Carrying 1 mark Write the dimensional formula for the mutual inductance of two coils. 2 Answer. [M12 T* A], same as that of L. If two coils are very tightly wound, one over the other, will M increase or decrease as compared to the case when the coils are placed some distance apart? Answer. M will increase. A straight conductor of length 0.4 m is moved with a speed 7 ms“! along the direction of a uniform magnetic field. What will be the emf induced, if any, across its ends? (ISC 2008) Answer. Zero. (-" e=Bul sin 0°=0). A train is moving with uniform speed from north to south. Will any potential difference be induced between. the ends of its axle? Answer. Yes, because the axle cuts the magnetic flux of the earth’s vertical component By. ‘The induced potential difference across the axle of a train is always the same whether it goes in north-south direction, or east-west direction or any other direction. Explain with reason. Answer. In each case, the magnetic flux of earth's vertical ‘component By is cut. ‘A wire pointing north-south is dropped freely towards earth. Will any potential difference be induced across its ends?Answer. No, because no magnetic Mux (Bj or By) will be cut 16. If the wire kept in cast-west direction be dropped freely, then? Answer. Yes, now it cuts the magnetic flux of the horizontal component Bj, of earth's field. 17. A vertical metallic pole falls down through the plane of the magnetic meridian. Will any emf be induced 19. ye placed DeIOW" AN Oscillating p> Ifa metallic plate be pla Hating mapp « soon, Why? the magnet stops 800 answer tay currents ae produced ithe ple yg if the magnet. eh ‘oppose the motion o! Ametal plate oscillates about a horizontal ans jy, magnetic Feld is applied onthe olan play yt ill happen? Janswer Eddy. currents will be produced ig ectromagnetic damping, <, te berween its ends? siting in el Answer, No. It cuts neither By nor By: Pra fhtions ofthe plate will stop soon. te SHORT answerryee Carrying 2 mary 1, What is electromagnetic induction? State Faraday’s law for the magnitude of induced emf, 2. Prove that the dimensions of emf are same as those of ate of change of magnetic flux. 3. Acopper loop and an aluminium loop are removed from ‘a magnetic field in the same time-interval. In which loop will the induced emf and induced current be greater? Answer. The induced emf will be same in both, but the induced current will be greater in copper loop because its resistance is smaller than that of aluminium loop. 4. State Lenz’s law of electromagnetic induction. 5. What is motional emf? State any two factors on which it depends. (SC 2018) Answer. The emf induced across the ends of a conductor due to the motion in a magnetic field is called motional emf. It depends upon the velocity of the conductor, its length and magnetic field. 6. What do you mean by self-induction? 7. Define the term ‘self-inductance’. Write its SI unit. 8. The coefficient of self-induction of a coil is 1 henry. What do you mean by this statement? 9. What is an inductor? Are the connecting wires in a circuit inductors? Answer. Every component of an electric circuit which has the property of self-induction is an inductor. As a matter of principle, the connecting wires are also inductors, but the self-induction in them is very feeble. If the wire is in the form of a coil, the self-induction increases. 10. Why are the coils of a resistance box made of doubled wire? 11, In Wheatstone’s bridge experiment, first the cell-key is pressed and then the galvanometer key, why? 12. What is an ideal inductor? Why inductors are made of copper? Answer, An ideal inductor has zero resistance, Inductors are made of copper because, after silver, copper has Jowest resistance. 13. Explain mutual induction, giving one example, 14. Define mutual inductance of two coils and write its SI unit. Name two factors on which the mutual inductance between a pair of coils depends? Answer, Number of turns in the coils, area of secondary coil. 15. 16, 17. 18. 19, ‘What are eddy currents? Why is the core of a transformer laminated? ‘Answer. In a single-piece iron core the eddy curry are produced in the whole volume. In a laminany core, however, the eddy currents are produced in sy lamina separately. As a result of increase in cures path, the resistance increases and hence the cureny are weakened. Thus, energy loss is reduced. A current-carrying circular loop is free to tum iny uniform external magnetic field. What is its orientatiy of stable equilibrium? Show that in this orientation the flux of the external field plus the flux of the fet produced by the loop is maximum? ‘Answer, The instantaneous deflecting torque on te current-loop of area A in an external magnetic field Bis t=IABsin®, where 0 is the angle between the normal to the xp and the field B. In stable equilibrium (z = 0), 0 =0, th is, the plane of the loop is perpendicular to the exter magnetic field. In the orientation of stable equilibrium, the magnete field produced by the currentloop is in the sane direction as the external magnetic field, both beiag perpendicular to the plane of the loop. Hence, the toal ‘magnetic flux through the loop is maximum. A current-carrying loop of irregular shape is located it an external magnetic field, If the wire is flexible, it takes a circular shape. Why? Answer. A current-loop is in stable equilibrium in external magnetic field in an orientation in which the magnetic flux through it is maximum. For this it acquires a circular shape (maximum area) with its plam® perpendicular to the field. A circular conducting loop of radius @ and resistance 8 is placed with the plane perpendicular to a time-vani8 magnetic field B= Bo sin wt. Obtain expression for current induced in the loop, Answer, The instantaneous magnetic flux through oop is by = BA = (By sin ot) xa? By Faraday’s law, the induced emf is20. a. 2. 23. 24 a, (By © COs wt) ma”, d 2 Fo sin at) xa ‘The induced current is RR R ‘The current is altemating. How can a space-traveller detect the presence of magnetic field on an unknown planet with the help of a sensitive galvanometer and a coil of wire? ‘Answer. If, on connecting the coil with the galvanometer and rotating it, there is deflection in the galvanometer, a magnetic field is there, otherwise not, As soon as current is switched on in a high-voltage wire, the bird sitting on it lies away, why? Answer. As soon as the current is switched on, induced current flows in the bird's body. Its wings, due to ‘opposite currents, experience mutual repulsion and spread, and the bird flies. A coil is removed from a magnetic field (a) rapidly, (b) slowly. In which case more work will be done? Answer. More work will be done in removing the coil rapidly because, then the rate of change of magnetic flux will be greater and hence a larger (opposing) emf will be induced. Hence, in case (a) more work will be done. ‘As the speed of bicycle is increased, the illumination of its lamp increases. Why? ‘Answer. The bicycle lamp is illuminated by dynamo. On increasing the speed, the rate of change of magnetic flux in the dynamo inereases and so induced emf becomes larger. Mark the direction of current through the galvanometer, and the magnetic poles induced at the ends of the coil Use Lenz's law. (The winding is clockwise). S (ISC 2001) Answer, By Lenz’ law, the end of the coil nearer the magnet will behave as north pole so as to oppose the motion of the magnet towards the coil. As such, the current induced in the coil will be anti-clockwise (seen from the side of the magnet), that is, the current Will pass through the galvanometer from left to right. Predict the polarity of the capacitor PQ in the situation shown, a? By @cosot Answer. ‘The plate P will be positive and Q will be negative A ring is fixed to the wall of a room. When the north pole of a magnet is brought near the ring, what shall be the direction of induced current in the ring? ‘Answer. Looking from the magnet's side, the current in the ring will be anticlockwise, because this side of the ring will behave as north pole to repel the magnet (Lenz's law). In the given figs. (a) and (b), a current-carrying solenoid is being taken towards a conducting-loop. What shall be the direction of the induced current in the loop as observed 26. 27. by an observer on the other (a side? Answer. (a) The right end ap ae & of the solenoid behaves as a : north pole, so the other side wb of the loop will behave as a south pole and the current seen from this side will be clockwise. (b) Anti-clockwise. 28. The figure shows the magnetic field of a current- carrying coil and a ring falling down the field. Is the direction of induced current in the ring correctly shown? Answer. Yes. The upper face of the coil would be a magnetic south pole, According to Lenz's law, the lower face of the ring would be a south pole and the upper face a north pole. So, looking from above, the current in the ring will be anticlockwise, as shown. 29. Acopper ring is suspended by a thread. One end of a magnet is brought horizontally towards the ring. How will itaffect the position of the ring? Answer, The ring will move away from the magnet, This is because if the N-pole of the magnet is near the ring, then the face of the ring towards the magnet will also behave as a N-pole due to the current induced in it (Lene’s law) and it will move away from the magnet due to repulsion,30. 31. BZ: 33. 34, A bar-magnet falls down through a coil. Will the acceleration of eee | Answer. No, the acceleration of the falling magnet will be less than’’ This is because when the magnet falls down, an induced current is produced in the coil which opposes the falling of the magnet; when the magnet is approaching the coil as well as when it is going away from the coil (Lenz's law). The loss in kinetic energy of the magnet appears as electrical energy (heat) in the coil. For the same reason, the acceleration of a magnet falling through a long solenoid decreases. In the previous question, if the coil is cut somewhere, then? Answer. The emf will still be induced in the coil, but current will not be induced. Hence, there will be no opposing force on the falling magnet and the acceleration of the magnet will remain throughout equal to 'g’ Will the earth's magnetic field induce any current in the metallic surface of an artificial satellite when it is orbiting around the (i) equator, (ii) poles? “Answer. (i) No, at the equator there is only horizontal component of earth’s field which is not cut by the orbiting satellite. (ii) Yes, at poles there is (maximum) vertical component of earth which is intercepted by the satellite. A straight, small conductor AB is situated perpendicular to a current- | ;, > carrying, infinitely-long straight t¥ wire C. It is moved on two metal rails > parallel to the wire C in the direction ‘of the current J, What will be the direction of the current induced in AB? ‘Answer, According to the right-hand thumb rule, the ‘magnetic flux passing through AB, due to current in C, is perpendicular to the plane of the paper directed downwards. The direction of the induced current in AB, ‘according to Fleming's right-hand rule, will be from B to A. The current f in a wire AB is increasing at a steady rate. What will be the direction of current induced in the conducting | 7 Joop shown? oe ‘Answer, Clockwise, According to right-hand thumb rule, the magnetic field passing through the loop, due to the current J, will be perpendicular to the plane of the paper pointing upwards, The direction of current in the oop will be such as to oppose the increase of this field (Lenz's law). Ic 35, If the current in the wire is directed trom 110A ang decreasing, then? it Answer. Clockwise. ‘A rectangular conducting loop ABCD is pulled away from a long, straight current-carrying wire 00", What will be direction of current induced in the loop? Answer. Clockwise. induced in the loop : translatory motion of the loop (Lenz's law), Hence, the current in the | segment AB will be in the same direction a3 in 00 y thar AB and OO" may attract each other. Thus, th ‘current induced in the loop will be clockwise, Three identical closed coils A, B and C are placed’ with — their planes parallel to one tee ce another. A and C carry B and C are kept fixed and equal currents, 2s shown, x Aig moved towards B uniformly. Is there any induce current in B? If yes, what will be its direction? ‘Answer, On moving A towards B, the current in B will be induced in such a direction so as to oppose the motion of A, that is, opposite to that of the current in 4 (anticlockwise). No current will be induced in B due to the current in G, as there is no relative motion between Band C. Wo similar, circular coaxial loops carry equal currents in the same direction. If the loops be brought neare, what will happen to the currents in them? ‘Answer, The current in each loop will change so 25 t0 ‘oppose coming closer of the loops (Lenz's law). When the loops come closer, the magnetic field at their centes increases. The induced emf will act so as to oppose tis increase. Hence, the current in each loop will decreas. A rectangular conducting loop moves horizontally int 36. ‘The current will oppose the 37. 38. 39. uniform magnetic field B perpendicular to its plane. (@ Will there be any induced current in the loop or any work required to move the loop, if the loop is __ completely in the field? (i) Ifthe loop is partially out of the field, then? ii) What if the loop is stationary and the field change with time? Answer. (i) No, so long the loop is moved within the magnetic field, the magnetic flux passing through it does not change. So, neither any current will be induced nor any work required to move it,40. aL a2. a, Now the magnetic flux pa so clockwise current ing through the loop (ii) in ( induced in the loop. decreases, se cu pue tothis, forces #, 1, F as shown (Fleming's left-hand rule). Fy and ¥ cancel each other but Fy opposes the motion of the loop. act on the arms of the loop Hence, to move the loop, an external force equal to # has to be applied. The work done by this force appears in the form of electrical energy (heat) in the loop. Gii) Acurrent will be induced in the loop. ‘coil of copper wire is being pulled with a constant velocity in a magnetic field. If its ohmic resistance be increased, will it be easier to pull it? If the magnetic field be doubled, then? ‘nswer. Yes, because by increasing resistance the induced current will be reduced and so the force required to pull the coil will be decreased. If the magnetic field be doubled, the force required will be four times. A rectangular loop and a circular loop are moving out of a uniform magnetic field to a field-free region with constant velocity. The field is normal to the loops. Which loop will have a constant induced emf during the passage out of the field region? Answer. The rectangular loop will have a constant induced emf. In case of circular loop, the rate of change of area inside the field is not constant during its passage out of the field. Acoil is wound on an iron core and looped back on itself so that the core has two sets of closely-wound wires in series that carry currents in opposite directions. What is the effect of this type of winding on the self-inductance of the coil? Answer. This type of winding is called ‘non-inductive’ winding because it minimises the self-inductive effect. Since, currents in the two sets flow in opposite directions, they produce magnetic flux in opposite directions so that the net flux is almost zero. A copper sheet is placec a magnetic field. If we pull it out of the field or push it into the field, we experience an opposing force, why? Answer. Pulling out or pushing in the copper sheet causes a change in magnetic flux linked with the sheet. 44. 45. 46. Electromagnetic Induction | 531 Hence, eddy currents are produced in the sheet which oppose the motion of the sheet. ‘A metal piece and a stone are dropped from the same height near earth's surface. Which one will reach the arth earlicr? Answer, Eddy currents produced in the falling metal piece due to the earth's magnetic field oppose its motion. So, the metal piece falls with a smaller acceleration (relative to the acceleration due to gravity). But no eddy currents are produced in the (non-conducting) stone which drops with the acceleration due to gravity. So, the stone will reach the earth earlier. ‘An iton bar falling vertically through the hollow region of a long vertical copper tube experiences a retarding force and attains a terminal velocity. What can you say about the bar? What will be the effect on the terminal velocity, if the copper tube be heated? Answer. The iron bar must be a magnet. As this magnet falls under gravity, the magnetic flux linked with the copper tube (due to the ‘non-uniform’ field of the magnet) changes and so eddy currents are generated in the body of the tube. By Lenz's law, the eddy currents oppose the fall of the magnet which therefore, experiences a retarding force. The retarding force increases with increasing velocity of the magnet and finally equals the gravity force. The magnet then attains @ constant terminal velocity. On heating the tube, its resistance will increase and so the eddy currents will become feeble, resulting in an increase in the terminal velocity of the magnet. ‘An electron is moving with uniform speed along a circle in a magnetic field normal to the plane of the circle. If the field increases with time, will the electron gain speed or loose speed? Will it maintain its same circular path? Answer. The changing magnetic field will produce an induced electric field which will accelerate the electron, Hence, the electron will speed up. In general, the electron will not stay in the same circle because r= mv/eB, and B and v may not increase in proportion. However, the electron can be managed to stay in the same circle by choosing a proper non-uniform magnetic field and control its rate of increase, as is done in betatron.