Science -1 STD9th
Chapter no. 1 Laws of Motion [Notes] By Tahoora
Q1] Define Motion:
Ans- If the position of an object is changing with respect
to it’s surrounding it is said to be in motion.
Q2] When do we say that the object is at rest?
Ans- When the object is not in motion it is said to be at
rest.
Q3] Define Distance:
Ans-1.The actual path travelled by an object in motion
while going from one point to another.
2. Distance is a scalar quantity.
3. It is always greater or equal to displacement.
4. Distance travelled is always positive.
5. Ex- The taxi driver probably cares about the distance.
Q4] Define Displacement:
Ans- 1.The minimum distance between the starting
point and the finishing point.
2. Displacement is a vector quantity.
3. It is always lesser or equal to distance.
4. Displacement may be positive,negative or zero.
5. Ex- Aeroplane
Q5]What are vector and scalar quantities?
Ans-Vector:-
A physical quantity which has magnitude and direction
both.
Scalar:-
A physical quantity which has magnitude but no
direction.
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Q6]Define which of the quantities are scalar or vector:
1. Distance-Scalar quantity
2. Displacement-Vector quantity
3. Speed-Scalar quantity
4. Velocity-Vector quantity
5. Time-Scalar quantity
6. Acceleration-Vector quantity
7. Force-Vector Quantity
Q7] Units:
SI System/MKS CGS Unit
M=metre C=Centimetre
K=Kilogram G=Gram
S=Second S=Second
Quantity SI unit/MKS CGS
Length Metre (m) Centimetre (cm)
Mass Kilogram (kg) Gram (g)
Time Second (s) Second (s)
Speed m/s cm/s
Velocity m/s cm/s
Area m² cm²
Volume m³ cm³
Force Newton Dyne
Acceleration m/s² cm/s²
Momentum kg m/s g cm/s
Q8] Formulae of :
1.Speed - Distance travelled
Time required
2.Velocity - Displacement
2
Time
3. Acceleration - Change in velocity = a = (v-u)
Time t
4. Momentum - P = m v
5. Force - ma
Q9]Define Speed:
Ans- 1.The distance covered by a body in unit time is
called speed.
2. Speed is a scalar quantity.
3. Speed is related to distance.
4. Unit of speed and velocity are same.
(The first scientist to measure speed as distance/time
was Galileo.)
Q10] If the motion is along a straight line, the values of
speed and velocity are the same, otherwise they can be
different.
Q11]Define Velocity:
Ans-1.The displacement that occurs in unit time is called
velocity.
2. Velocity is a vector quantity.
3. Velocity is related to Displacement.
4. Unit of speed and velocity are same.
Q12]Units of Time:
Ans- 1. One second, one minute, one hour,etc and if
large units are used one year.
Q13]Velocity depends on speed and direction(Complete
the sentence)
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Ans- Velocity depends on speed and direction and the
velocity changes by-
1. Changing the speed while keeping the direction same.
2. Changing the direction while keeping the speed same.
3. Changing the speed as well as the direction.
Q14]The first scientist to measure speed as
distance/time was Galileo.
Q15]The speed of sound in dry air is 343.2 m/s.
Q16]The speed of light in dry air is 3 × 108 m/s.
Q17]The speed of revolution of the earth around the
sun is about 29770 m/s.
Q18]Define Uniform motion:
Ans- 1.If an object covers equal distances in equal time
intervals, it is said to be in uniform motion.
2. The distance- time graph for uniform motion is a
straight line.
3. Ex- A car running at constant speed.
Q19]Define Non-uniform motion:
Ans- If an object covers unequal distances in equal time
intervals, it is said to be in non-uniform motion.
2. The distance- time graph of non-uniform motion is a
curved line or is not a straight line.
3. Ex- Motion of vehicles on a busy street.
Q20]Distance- time graph of uniform motion is a straight
line.
Q21]Define Acceleration:
Ans- 1.The rate of change of velocity is called
Acceleration.
2. Acceleration is a vector quantity.
Q22]If the velocity of an object changes during certain
time period, then it is said to have accelerated motion.
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Q23]An object in motion can have two types of
acceleration.
Q24When an object is at rest in the beginning of its
motion, what is its initial velocity?
Ans- 0m/s.
Q25]When an object comes to rest at the end of its
motion, what is its final velocity?
Ans- 0m/s.
Q26]An object can have positive or negative
acceleration.
Q27]Define positive acceleration:
Ans- When the velocity of an object increases the
acceleration is positive.
Q28]Define negative acceleration:
Ans- When the velocity of an object decreases with
time, it has negative acceleration.
Q29]Define zero acceleration:
Ans- If the velocity of the object does not change with
time, it has zero acceleration.
Q30]When the velocity of an object increases, the
acceleration is in the direction of velocity.
Q31]When the velocity of an object decreases, the
acceleration is opposite to the direction of velocity.
Q32] Negative acceleration is also called deceleration.
Q33] Distance-time graph of non-uniform motion is a
curved line.
Q34] For all uniformly accelerated motions,the velocity-
time graph is a straight line.
Q35]For non-uniformly accelerated motions, The
velocity-time graph may have any shape depending on
how the acceleration changes with time.
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Q36] Newton studied motion of an object and gave a set
of three equations of motion.
Q37]The three equations of motion are related to:
Ans- Displacement, velocity, acceleration and time of an
object moving along a straight line.
Q38]Following are denoted as:
Initial velocity = u
Final velocity = v
Time = t
Acceleration = a
Displacement = s
Distance = d
Q39]What are the three equations of motion
(Kinematic equations):
1) v = u + at
(This is the relation between velocity and time)
2) s = ut + at2
(This is the relation between displacement and time)
3. V2 = u2 + 2as
(This is the relation between displacement and velocity)
Q40]The velocity of an accelerated object changes with
time.
Q41]Change in the velocity can be due to a change in
direction or magnitude of the velocity or both.
Q42]Define Uniform circular motion:
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Ans- 1.When an object moves with constant speed along
a circular path, the motion is called uniform circular
motion.
2. In uniform circular motion, a body has constant speed
but not constant velocity.
Ex- The motion of a stone in a sling.
Q43] When an object is in uniform circular motion, its
direction changes at every point.
Q44]The speed of the tip of a clock is constant.
Q45] What is the motion of the tip of a clock?
Ans- Uniform circular motion.
Q46]A static object does not move without the
application of a force.
Q47]An electric fan keeps on rotating for some time
even after switched off.
Q48]Newton’s first law of motion describes this very
property and is therefore also called the law of inertia.
Q49]Define newton’s first law of motion:
Ans- An object continues to remain at rest or in a
state of uniform motion along a straight line unless
an external unbalanced force acts on it.
Q50]Define newton’s second law of motion:
Ans- The rate of change of momentum is proportional to
the applied force and the change of momentum occurs
in the direction of force.
Q51]Define newton’s third law of motion:
Ans- Every action force has an equal and opposite
reaction force which acts simultaneously.
Q52]All instances of inertia are examples of newton’s
first law of motion.
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Q53]The effect of the force depends on a property
related to both mass and velocity of the striking
object.This property was termed momentum by
Newton.
Q54]Momentum has magnitude as well as direction.
Q55]Momentum is in the same direction as velocity.
Q56]In SI system the unit of momentum is kg m/s and in
CGS system it is g cm/s.
Q57]If an unbalanced force applied on an object causes
a change in the velocity of the object, then it also causes
a change in its momentum.
Q58]The force necessary to cause a change in the
momentum of an object depends upon the rate of
change of momentum.
Q59]Momentum is the product of mass and velocity of
an object.
Q60]Momentum is a vector quantity.
Q61]Suppose an object of mass m has an initial velocity
u. When a force F is applied in the direction of its
velocity for time t, its velocity becomes v.
Q62] The initial momentum of the object = mu ,the final
momentum after time t = mv.
Q63] The value of constant proportionality is 1.
Q64] Define inertia:
Ans- The tendency of a body to resist a change in its
state of rest or state of motion is called inertia.
Q65]1Kg 1 × m/s2 = 1 newton.
Q66]1g × 1 cm/s2 = 1 dyne
Q67]In nature force cannot act alone.
Q68]Force is a reciprocal action between two objects.
Q69]Force are always applied in pairs.
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Q70]The forces between two objects are always equal
and opposite.
Q71]The force applied by the first object is called action
force.While the force applied by the second object on
the first is called reaction force.
Q72]Action and reaction are terms that express force.
Q73]Action and reaction force acts simultaneously.
Q74]Action and reaction force cannot cancel each
other’s effect because they do not act on the same
object.
Q75]Statement:
According to the law of conservation of
momentum,total initial momentum = Total final
momentum.
=m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 +m2v2
Q76]The magnitude of total final momentum=the
magnitude of total initial momentum.
Q77] If no external force is acting on two objects,then
their total initial momentum is equal to their total final
momentum.
Q78]When no external force acts on two interacting
objects, their total momentum remains constant. It does
not change.
Q79]The momentum is unchanged after collision.
Q80]The momentum of one of the objects decreases
while that of the other increases.
Q81]Define Law of conservation of momentum:
Ans- When two objects collide, the total momentum
before collision is equal to the total momentum after
collision.
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Q82]While firing the bullet from the gun the total initial
momentum is zero.
Q83]The forward moving bullet causes the gun to move
backward after firing, this backward motion of the gun is
called its recoil.
Q84]The total momentum is also constant during the
launch of a rocket.
Q85]Give examples for each:
1. Newton’s first law of motion:
Ans-
An electric fan keeps on rotating for some time even
after it is switched off.
Fruits on a tree fall down when its branches are
shaken.
A carpet is beaten up to remove dust from it.
2.Newton’s second law of motion:
Ans-
It is easier to catch a tennis ball as compared to a
cricket ball.
It is easier to push an empty shopping cart than a full
one.
3.Newton’s Third law of motion:
Ans-
Athletes jump on a bed of sand during long jump.
While firing a gun, the gun recoils backwards.
When a bat strikes a ball.
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4.Law of conservation of momentum:
Ans-
Air filled balloons.
Motion of rockets.
5.Uniform circular motion:
Ans-
The motion of a stone in a sling or that of any point
on a bicycle wheel when they are in uniform motion.
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