Scientist Contribution
a) Father of genetics
Gregor Johann Mendel b) Conducted experiments for the first time to understand the p
variation.
Reginald C Punnett Punnett square
Galton Polygenic inheritance
De vries, Correns, Von
Independently rediscovered Mendel’s work.
Tschermark
Walter Sutton and
Chromosomal theory of inheritance
Theodore Boveri
Thomas Hunt Morgan (and a) Experimental verification of chromosomal theory of inheritanc
his colleagues) b) Linkage and Recombination.
Alferd Sturtvant Chromosomes maps or linkage maps
Henking X-Body (Chromosome)
Friederich Miesher Nuclein
Maurice Wilikins and
X-ray diffraction data leading to the proposal of structure of DNA
Rasalind Franklin
James Waston and Francis Proposed the structure of double helix model for the DNA;
Crick Semi conservative mode of DNA replication.
Erwin charagaff Chargaff Rule: A+T/G+C=1
Central dogma in molecular Biology;
Francis Crick
tRNA as adapter molecule
Transforming principle;
Frederick Grieffith
carried out a series of experiments with streptococcus pneumon
Oswald Avery, Colin
Macleod and Maclyin Mc Determined the biochemical nature of transforming principle.
carty
Alferd Hershy and Martha
The unequivocal proof that DNA is the genetic material
Chase
Matthew Meselon and
Experimented to prove DNA replicates semi-conservatively
Franklin Stahl
George Gamaw Genetic codon should be made up of 3 nucleotides
Developed a chemical method for the synthesis of RNA molecule
Hargovind Khuarana
combination
Marshall Nirenberg Put forward a cell free system for protein synthesis that help in d
Showed the polynucleotide phosphate also helped in polymerizin
Severo Ochoa
sequence in a template in depend manners
Francois Jacob and Jacque
Transitionally regulated system – lac operon
Monad
Frederick Sanger a) developed method for determination of amino acid sequences
b) Developed a principle the automated DNA sequences worked
Proposed that the first form of life could have come from pre-exi
A.I Oparin and John
molecules (e.g. RNA, protein, etc.) and that formation of life was
Haldane
evolution.
Disapproved Theory of Spontaneous Generation.
Louis Pasteur
Experimentally demonstrated that life comes only from pre-exis
Miller’s experiment on the origin of life. He revealed that life orig
S L Miller
components.
Father of Evolution
Concept of natural selection
Charles Darwin
Concept of reproductive fitness
Darwin finches – adaptive radiation
Worked in Malay Archipelago and had a similar opinion as that o
Alfred Wallace
reproductive fitness and natural selection.
Lamark Evolution due to use and disuse of organs
Proposed Malthusian theory of population – this theory states th
Thomas Mathus
always tend to out run the food supply. This theory is thought to
William Harvey Discovered of blood circulation
Hugo deVries Developed mutation theory – saltation
G. H. Hardy and Wilhelm
Hardy-Weinberg principle – genetic equilibrium in a population.
Weinberg
He improved methods of cultivation and developed a robust stra
Norman E Borlaug
wheat.
Alexander Fleming Discovery of first antibiotics- Penicillin
Ernest Chain and Howard
Established the full potential of penicillin as an antibiotics.
Florey
Stanley Cohen and
Construction of the first recombinant DNA
Herbert Boyer
Provided competitive Exclusion principle: two closely related spe
Gause same resources cannot coexist indefinitely and the competitivel
eliminated eventually
Resource partitioning: Showed that five closely related species o
Mac Arthur same tree were able to avoid competition and co-exist due to be
their foraging activities
Coined biodiversity to describe the combined diversity at all the
Edward Wilson
organization
Robert Constanza He used to put price tags on nature’s life support services
Made a more conservative and scientifically sound estimate whi
Robert May
species diversity at about 7 million.
Observed that within a region species richness increased with in
Alexander von Humboldt
only upto a limit
His long-term ecosystem experiments states that plots with mor
David Tilman
year-to-year variation in total biomass
Provided the ‘rivet popper hypothesis’ to show how quality of life
Paul Ehrlich
in organism.
