WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT

Hon. Shri. Babanrao Pachpute Vichardhara Trust’s

Group of Institutions
Faculty of Engineering,
Kashti

A
PROJECT REPORT ON

“Water quality monitoring system based on IOT”

SUBMITTED TO THE SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE
OF
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Miss. Pawar Komal Bhagchand

Miss. Phadke Priyanka Dipak
Miss. Tanpure Pratiksha Manoj

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

Prof. Gajaphode.P.K

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 WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT

Department of Electronics & telecommunication

Engineering HSBPVT’s GOI, Faculty of Engineering, Kashti
2024-25

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our sincere gratitude towards the faculty members who make this
project success- fully complete.

We would like to express our thanks to our guide Prof. Gajaphode . P.K for
her whole hearted co- operation and valuable suggestions, technical guidance
throughout the project work. Special thanks to our Head of Department Prof.
Divekar S.N for his kind official support an encouragement.

Finally, we would like to thank all staff members of E&TC Department who
helped us directly or indirectly to complete this work successfully.

Miss. Pawar Komal Bhagchand

Miss. Phadke Priyanka Dipak
Miss. Tanpure Pratiksha Manoj

(BE E&TC Engineering)

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ABSTRACT

Pollution of water is one of the main threats in recent times as drinking water is
getting contaminated and polluted. The polluted water can cause various
diseases to humans and animals, which in turn affects the life cycle of the
ecosystem. If water pollution is detected in an early stage, suitable measures
can be taken and critical situations can be avoided. To make certain the supply
of pure water, the quality of the water should be examined in real-time. Smart
solutions for monitoring of water pollution are getting more and more
significant these days with innovation in sensors, communication, and Internet
of Things (IoT) technology. In this paper, a detailed review of the latest works
that were implemented in the arena of smart water pollution monitoring
systems is presented. The paper proposes a cost effective and efficient IoT
based smart water quality monitoring system which monitors the quality
parameters uninterruptedly. The developed model is tested with three water
samples and the parameters are transmitted to the cloud server for further
action.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No. Description Page No.

1
CERTIFICATE
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3
ABSTRACT
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
5
LIST OF FIGURES
6
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
1 7
INTRODUCTION 8
1.1. 10
PROBLEM STATEMENTS
1.2.
TDS Sensor
1.3.
Residual Chlorine Sensor
2 11
LITERATURE SURVEY
3 13
SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
3.1. HARDWARE
3.2. SOFTWARE
4 19
BLOCK DIAGRAM

5 23
HARDWARE DIAGRAM / METHOD/
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM/ WORKING
6 26
CONCLUSION
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6.1. REFERENCES

LIST OF FIGURES

1. TDS Sensor
2. Wifi module
3.Temperature Sensor
4. LCD Display 16/2
5. Interfacing Gravity Analog TDS Sensor

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 WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT

LIST OF ABBREVIATION

1. IoT – Internet of Things

2. LCD – Liquid Crystal Diode
3. TDS – Total Dissolved Solid
4. ADC – Analog To Digital Converter
5.

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

In the 21st century, there were lots of inventions, but at the same time were
pollutions, global warming and so on are being formed, because of this there is
no safe drinking water for the world’s pollution. Nowadays, water quality
monitoring in real time faces challenges because of global warming limited
water resources, growing population, etc. Hence there is need of developing
better methodologies to monitor the water quality parameters in real time.
Temperature sensor measures how the water is, hot or cold. Flow sensor
measures the flow of water through flow sensor. The traditional methods of
water quality monitor involves the manual collection of water samples from
different locations.
TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) indicates how many milligrams of soluble solids
are dissolved in one liter of water. In general, the higher the TDS value, the
more soluble solids are dissolved in water, and the less clean the water is.
Therefore, the TDS value can be used as one reference point for reflecting the
cleanliness of the water. This can be applied to domestic water, hydroponic and
other fields of water quality testing and monitoring.

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So, in this project, we will interface Gravity Analog TDS Sensor and read the
value in 16×2 LCD Display. Since TDS Value depends upon the temperature. So
will also add DS18B20 Waterproof Temperature Sensor to measure Water
Temperature. The measured temperature is used with TDS Sensor to compensate
for the reading with high calibration and high accuracy. The code, circuit
diagram, and all other procedure is given below.

In order to know more about water quality, you can add Ph Sensor, Turbidity
Sensor & DO Sensor to this circuit as well.

PROBLEM STATEMENT :

Water pollution is a significant environmental issue that affects human health,

aquatic life, and overall ecosystem balance. Traditional water quality monitoring
methods are often manual, time-consuming, and limited in coverage, making it
difficult to detect contamination in real time.

1.1. What is “TDS SENSOR”?

TDS is an abbreviation for Total Dissolved Solids in a liquid, including organic

and inorganic substances in a molecular, ionic, or micro-granular suspended
form. TDS is generally expressed in parts per million (ppm) or as milligrams
per liter (mg/L). TDS is directly related to the quality of water i.e., the lower a
TDS figure, the purer the water. As an example, reverse osmosis purified water
will have a TDS between 0 and 10, whereas tap water will vary between 20 and
300, depending on where you live in the world.

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The materials that constitute dissolved solids in water include materials such
as minerals, salts, anionic and cationic substances. They can also include
pollutants such as heavy metals, and other substances such as organic
materials that may have leaked into your water supply system.

What is a TDS meter and how does it work?

A TDS meter is basically an electrical charge (EC) meter whereby two

electrodes equally spaced apart are inserted into water and used to measure
charge. The result is interpreted by the TDS meter and converted into a ppm
figure.

If the water contains no soluble materials and is pure, it will not

conduct a charge and will, therefore, have a 0 ppm figure. Conversely, if the
water is full of dissolved materials, it will conduct a charge, with the
resulting ppm figure being proportional to the number of dissolved solids.
This is because all dissolved solids have an electrical charge, which allows
conduction of electrical charge between the electrodes.

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CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW

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 WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT

CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Sr.No. Components Quantity

1 WIFI Module 1
2 TDS Sensor 1
3 Residual Chlorine Sensor 1
4 16x2 LCD Display 1
5 Temperature Sensor 1
6 Connecting Wires 1

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

 ESP8266WiFi.h

 WiFiClient.h

 LiquidCrystal_I2C.h

 OneWire.h

 DallasTemperature.h

 ThingSpeak.h

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 WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT

CHAPTER 4: BLOCK DIAGRAM

Gravity Analog TDS Power Supply

Sensor

TDS Sensor WIFI MODULE Jumper Wire

16*2 LCD Display

Temperature Sensor

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 WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT

Wifi module :
The ESP8266 WiFi Module is a self contained SOC with
integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give any
microcontroller access to your WiFi network. The ESP8266 is
capable of either hosting an application or offloading all Wi-Fi
networking functions from another application processor. Each
ESP8266 module comes pre-programmed with an AT
command set firmware. The ESP8266 module is an extremely
cost effective board with a huge, and ever growing, community.

Fig. WIFI Module

TDS Sensor :
TDS stands for “Total Dissolved Solids.” It is a measure of the combined
content of all inorganic and organic substances present in a liquid in
molecular, ionized, or micro-granular suspended form. TDS is commonly
used to assess the quality of water, particularly in contexts such as drinking
water, wastewater treatment, aquarium maintenance, and industriaprocesses .

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Fig. TDS Sensor

LCD Display (16*2):

16×2 LCD is named so because; it has 16 Columns and 2 Rows. There are a
lot of combinations available like, 8×1, 8×2, 10×2, 16×1, etc. But the most
used one is the 16*2 LCD, hence we are using it here. All the above
mentioned LCD display will have 16 Pins and the programming approach is
also the same and hence the choice is left to you.

Fig. LCD Display

Gravity Analog TDS Sensor:

Gravity Analog TDS Sensor is an Arduino-compatible TDS sensor/Meter Kit
for measuring TDS value of the water. It can be applied to domestic water,
hydroponic and other fields of water quality testing. This product supports 3.3
~ 5.5V wide voltage input, and 0 ~ 2.3V analog voltage output, which makes it
compatible with 5V or 3.3V control systems or boards.

Fig. Gravity Analog TDS Sensor

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 WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT

Specification
1. Input Voltage: 3.3 ~ 5.5V

2.Output Voltage: 0 ~ 2.3V

3.Working Current: 3 ~ 6mA

4.TDS Measurement Range: 0 ~ 1000ppm

5.TDS Measurement Accuracy: ± 10% FS (25 ℃)

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Source Code/Program :
Interfacing TDS Sensor with Wifi Module
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <OneWire.h>
#include <DallasTemperature.h>
#include "ThingSpeak.h"

char ssid[] = "Sp";

char pass[] = "shubham1605";

const char* server = "api.thingspeak.com";

unsigned long channelID = 2819107;
const char* writeAPIKey = "OLM1XXU0OAVGTVQC";
WiFiClient client;

namespace pin {
const byte tds_sensor = A0;
const byte temp_sensor = D5;
}

namespace device {
float aref = 3;
}

namespace sensor {
float tds = 0;
float temperature = 0;
float ecCalibration = 1;
}

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

OneWire oneWire(pin::temp_sensor);
DallasTemperature tempSensor(&oneWire);

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 WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT
void setup() {
lcd.init();
Serial.begin(115200);
WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);

lcd.backlight();
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Connecting...");

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {

delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("WiFi connected");

tempSensor.begin();
ThingSpeak.begin(client);

Serial.println("Setup complete");
lcd.clear();
}

void loop() {
readTdsQuick();
readTemperature();
updateLCD();
sendToThingSpeak();
delay(1000);
}

void readTdsQuick() {
float rawEc = analogRead(pin::tds_sensor) * device::aref / 1024.0;

Serial.print(F("Raw Analog Value: "));

Serial.println(rawEc);

float offset = 0.14; // Adjust this based on calibration

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 WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT
float ec = (rawEc * sensor::ecCalibration) - offset;
if (ec < 0) ec = 0;

sensor::tds = (133.42 * pow(ec, 3) - 255.86 * ec * ec + 857.39 * ec) * 0.5;

Serial.print(F("TDS: "));
Serial.println(sensor::tds);
}

void readTemperature() {
tempSensor.requestTemperatures();
sensor::temperature = tempSensor.getTempCByIndex(0);

Serial.print(F("Temperature: "));
Serial.println(sensor::temperature);
}

void updateLCD() {
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("TDS: ");
lcd.print(sensor::tds);
lcd.print(" ppm");

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Temp: ");
lcd.print(sensor::temperature);
lcd.print(" C ");
}

void sendToThingSpeak() {
ThingSpeak.setField(1, sensor::tds);
ThingSpeak.setField(2, sensor::temperature);

int httpCode = ThingSpeak.writeFields(channelID, writeAPIKey);

if (httpCode == 200) {
Serial.println("Data sent to ThingSpeak successfully");
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 WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT
} else {
Serial.print("Error sending data: ");
Serial.println(httpCode);
}
}

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CHAPTER 5: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM & IT’S

WORKING

Circuit Diagram:

The whole design of the system is based mainly on IOT which

is newly introduced concept in the world of development. There is
basically two parts included, the first one is hardware & second one
is software. The hardware part has sensors which help to measure the
real time values, another one is arduino atmega328 converts the
analog values to digital one, & LCD shows the displays output from
sensors, Wi-Fi module gives the connection between hardware and
software. In software we developed a program based on embedded c
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The PCB is design at first level of construction and component

and sensors mounted on it. ThinkSpeak app is installed in the
android version to see the output. When the system get started dc
current given to the kit and arduino and WIFI gets on. The
parameters of water is tested one but one and their result is given
to the LCD display. The app went provided with hotspot gives
the exact value as on LCD display shows on kit. Thus like this
when the kit is located on any specific water body and WIFI is
provided we can observe its real time value on our android phone
anywhere at any time

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RESULT & DISCUSSION

We have identified a suitable implementation model that consists of

different sensor devices and other modules, their functionalities are
shown in figure. In this implementation model we used ATMEGA
328 with Wi-Fi module. Inbuilt ADC and Wi-Fi module connects
the embedded device to internet. Sensors are connected to Wifi
module board for monitoring, ADC will convert the corresponding
sensor reading to its digital value and from that value the
corresponding environmental parameter will be evaluated.
After sensing the data from different sensor devices, which are
placed in particular area of interest. The sensed data will be
automatically sent to the web server, when a proper connection is
established with sever device.

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CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION
Water Pollution is a major threat to any country, as it affects health, economy
and spoils biodiversity. In this work, causes and effects of water pollution is
presented, as well as a comprehensive review of different methods of water
quality monitoring and an efficient IoT based method for water quality
monitoring has been discussed. Although there have been many excellent smart
water quality monitoring systems, still the research area remains challenging.
This work presents a review of the recent works carried out by the researchers in
order to make water quality monitoring systems smart, low powered and highly
efficient such that monitoring will be continuous and alerts/notifications will be
sent to the concerned authorities for further processing. The developed model is
cost effective and simple to use (flexible). Three water samples are tested and
based on the results, the water can be classified whether it is drinkable or not.

Future Scope:
• In future we use IOT concept in this project
• Detecting the more parameters for most secure purpose
• Increase the parameters by addition of multiple sensors
• By interfacing relay we controls the supply of water

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6.1 REFERENCES
1. "WHO/UNICEF Joint Water Supply and Sanitation Monitoring Programme"
in Progress on sanitation and drinking water: 2015 update and MDG
assessment, World Health Organization, 2015.
2. R. Ramakala, S. Thayammal, A. Ramprakash and V.
Muneeswaran, "Impact of ICT and IOT Strategies for Water
Sustainability: A Case study in Rajapalayam-India", Int. Conf.
Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC
18), pp. 1-4, Dec. 2017.
3. N. Zidan, M. Mohammed and S. Subhi, "An IoT based
monitoring and controlling system for water chlorination
treatment", Proc. Int. Conf. Future Networks and Distributed
Systems, pp. 31, Jun. 2018.
4. J. Ramprabu and C. Paramesh, "Automated sensor network for
monitoring and detection of impurity in drinking water
system", International Journal for Research in Applied Science
Engineering Technology, vol. 3, pp. 275-280, Jan. 2015.
5. A. A. Pranata, M. L. Jae and S. K. Dong, "Towards an IoT-based
water quality monitoring system with brokerless pub/sub
architecture", Int. Symp. Local and Metropolitan Area Networks
(LANMAN 17), pp. 1-6, Jun. 2017.
6. A. N. Prasad, K. A. Mamun, F. R. Islam and H. Haqva, "Smart
water quality monitoring system", Asia-Pacific World Congress
on Computer Science and Engineering (APWC on CSE), pp. 1-6,
Dec. 2015.
7. S. Geetha and S. Gouthami, "Internet of things enabled real time
water quality monitoring system", Smart Water, vol. 2, pp. 1,
2016.
8. S. M. G. Nikkam and V. R. Pawar, "Analyzing water quality for
industrial application under IOT environment", International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 3, pp.
882-885, 2016.

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