Learning Objective

By the end of this module, learners will be able to:

LU 01 • Define IoT telemetry and its core principles.
(Chapter • Understand key terminology related to IoT telemetry.
01) • Identify various applications of IoT telemetry.
• Differentiate between different types of IoT telemetry systems.

2 0 2 2 C T U Tr a i n i n g S o l u t i o n s | A l l R i g ht s R e s e r v e d | c tu t r a i n i n g .a c . za
 Concept and Principles

What is IoT Telemetry?

• IoT telemetry is the automatic collection and

transmission of data from remote sources (IoT devices)
to a central location for monitoring, analysis, and
control. [Insert simple diagram showing sensors,
network, cloud, and user]

2025 CTU Training Solutions | All Rights Reserved | CTU Training Solutions is a proud member of the UXi Private Education Group
 Core Principles:

• Data Acquisition: Sensors collect data (temperature,

pressure, etc.).
• Data Transmission: Data is sent over a network (Wi-Fi,
cellular, etc.).
• Data Processing: Data is processed and stored (cloud or
edge).
• Data Analysis & Visualization: Data is analyzed and
presented (dashboards).
• Action/Control: Insights from data are used to control
devices or trigger actions.

2025 CTU Training Solutions | All Rights Reserved | CTU Training Solutions is a proud member of the UXi Private Education Group
 Definitions and Terminology
Sensor:
• A device that detects and measures a physical quantity.
Actuator:
• A device that controls a physical process (e.g., motor, valve).
Protocol (MQTT, CoAP):
• Rules for communication between devices.
Bandwidth:
• The amount of data that can be transmitted.
Latency:
• The delay in data transmission.
Data Logging:
• Recording data over time.
Real-time Monitoring:
• Viewing data as it's collected.
Edge Computing:
• Processing data closer to the source.
Cloud Computing:
• Processing data on remote servers.
2025 CTU Training Solutions | All Rights Reserved | CTU Training Solutions is a proud member of the UXi Private Education Group
 Applications of IoT Telemetry
Smart Homes:
• Smart thermostats, security systems, lighting control.
Industrial Automation:
• Predictive maintenance, process optimization.
Healthcare:
• Wearable health trackers, remote patient monitoring.
Agriculture:
• Precision farming, crop monitoring, livestock tracking.
Transportation:
• Fleet management, traffic monitoring, autonomous
vehicles.
Environmental Monitoring:
• Air quality monitoring, water quality monitoring.

2025 CTU Training Solutions | All Rights Reserved | CTU Training Solutions is a proud member of the UXi Private Education Group
 Types of IoT Telemetry Systems
Data Frequency:
• Periodic (e.g., every minute), Event-driven (e.g., when a
threshold is crossed).

Data Volume:
• Low (e.g., temperature readings), High (e.g., video
streams).

Network Type:
• Cellular, Wi-Fi, LoRaWAN, Satellite.

Processing Location:
• Edge (on the device or a local gateway), Cloud (on
remote servers).

2025 CTU Training Solutions | All Rights Reserved | CTU Training Solutions is a proud member of the UXi Private Education Group
 The Telemetry Scenario
Scenario Overview:

Scenario:

• Monitoring temperature and humidity in a

greenhouse to optimize growing conditions.
• Components: Temperature and humidity sensors,
microcontroller, Wi-Fi network, cloud platform,
dashboard.
• Data Flow: Sensors collect data, microcontroller
sends data via Wi-Fi to the cloud, data is stored
and displayed on a dashboard.
• Purpose: To ensure optimal environmental
conditions for plant growth, reducing energy
consumption and maximizing yield.

2025 CTU Training Solutions | All Rights Reserved | CTU Training Solutions is a proud member of the UXi Private Education Group
 Scenario Breakdown

Step 1: Sensors measure temperature and humidity.

Step 2: Microcontroller processes the sensor data.
Step 3: Microcontroller sends data packets via Wi-Fi to the
cloud.
Step 4: Cloud platform receives and stores the data.
Step 5: Data is analysed and visualized on a dashboard.
Step 6: User can monitor conditions and adjust settings
(e.g., ventilation).

2025 CTU Training Solutions | All Rights Reserved | CTU Training Solutions is a proud member of the UXi Private Education Group
 Benefits of the Scenario

There Are several benefits, namely:

• Improved crop yields.

• Reduced energy consumption (by optimizing
heating/cooling).
• Early detection of potential problems (e.g., extreme
temperatures).
• Remote monitoring and control.
• Data-driven decision-making.

2025 CTU Training Solutions | All Rights Reserved | CTU Training Solutions is a proud member of the UXi Private Education Group
Types of IoT Devices

Sensors: Temperature, humidity, light, pressure, motion, proximity, gas, etc.

Actuators: Motors, valves, relays, LEDs, displays, etc.

Gateways: Devices that connect IoT devices to the network.

Embedded Systems: Specialized computer systems designed for specific tasks.

2 0 2 3 C T U Tr a i n i n g S o l u t i o n s | A l l R i g ht s R e s e r v e d | c tu t r a i n i n g .a c . za
 Device Characteristics
Power Consumption:
• Important for battery-powered devices.
Connectivity:
• Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Cellular, LoRaWAN, etc.
Processing Power:
• Needed for data processing and analysis.
Memory:
• For storing data and programs.
Cost:
• A key factor in large-scale deployments.

2025 CTU Training Solutions | All Rights Reserved | CTU Training Solutions is a proud member of the UXi Private Education Group
 Device Selection for the
Scenario
Sensors:
• Digital temperature and humidity sensors (accurate, low power).
Microcontroller:
• Wi-Fi enabled microcontroller (e.g., ESP32) for data processing and
communication.
Reasoning:
These devices are suitable for the greenhouse environment, have the
necessary connectivity, and are cost-effective.

2025 CTU Training Solutions | All Rights Reserved | CTU Training Solutions is a proud member of the UXi Private Education Group
Device Security

2025 CTU Training Solutions | All Rights Reserved | CTU Training Solutions is a proud member of the UXi Private Education Group
 Security Threats in IoT

Weak Passwords:
• Easy to guess or crack.
Lack of Encryption:
• Data can be intercepted.
Unsecured Communication Protocols:
• Vulnerable to attacks.
Physical Attacks:
• Unauthorized access to devices.
Malware:
• Software designed to damage or disable devices.

2025 CTU Training Solutions | All Rights Reserved | CTU Training Solutions is a proud member of the UXi Private Education Group
 Security Best Practices
•Strong Authentication: Use complex passwords, multi-factor
authentication.
•Data Encryption: Encrypt data both in transit and at rest.
•Secure Boot: Ensure that devices boot up with trusted
software.
•Regular Firmware Updates: Patch security vulnerabilities.
•Network Segmentation: Isolate IoT devices from other networks.

2025 CTU Training Solutions | All Rights Reserved | CTU Training Solutions is a proud member of the UXi Private Education Group
 Device Security in the Scenario
• Use strong passwords for the Wi-Fi network and the cloud platform.
• Encrypt the data transmitted from the microcontroller to the cloud.
• Regularly update the firmware of the microcontroller.
• Implement access control to the greenhouse monitoring system.

2025 CTU Training Solutions | All Rights Reserved | CTU Training Solutions is a proud member of the UXi Private Education Group