HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR
Sample of Equipment taken for analysis:
Make Komatsu
Model PC 200
Operating weight, kg 18 000
Flywheel HP 120
Bucket capacity (heaped),m3
SAE Range 0.36~1.40
Bucket chosen 107
Estimated cycle time, s 27
Estimated Standard Production,
107
Qstd*, m3/hr
*Figures are obtained by interpolating values from the chart: CPH-11/95 & KSAH-10/3A-121
Production as per Estimating Production chart:
Estimated production, Q = Estimated Standard Production x Bucket Factor x Job Efficiency
Q = Qstd x K x E ( m3/hr )
Bucket factor, K** Job efficiency, E
Soil Type*
Excavating condition K Operating condition E
I Easy excavating 1.1 ~ 1.2 Good 0.83
II Average excavating 1.0 ~ 1.1 Average (taken) 0.75
III Rather difficult excavating 0.8 ~ 0.9 Rather poor 0.67
IV Difficult excavating 0.7 ~ 0.8 Poor 0.58
I(85%) II(5%) III(5%) IV(5%)
*Soil Type
Soft soil Hard soil Soft rock Hard rock
**K 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7
Estimated Production, Q (m3/hr):
K*E*Qstd = (1.1*0.85+(1+0.8+0.7)*0.05)*0.75*107=85.065 cu.m/hr
Estimated production calculation as per formulae, Q (m3/hr):
Q = q x ( 60 x 60 / Cm ) x K x E where, q : production per cycle, (m3/cycle)
Cm : cycle time, (s)
Cycle time, Cm (s)
Standard Cycle Time, Cmstd (s) (KSAH-10/12A-10)
Machine model
Swing Angle Range, ()
PC 100 PC 150 PC 200 PC 300
45 ~ 90 11 ~ 14 13 ~ 16 13 ~ 19 15 ~ 18
90 ~ 180 14 ~ 17 16 ~ 19 16 ~ 19 18 ~ 21
Fuel Consumption (estimated), l/hr:
Equipment model PC 100 PC 150 PC 200 PC 300
Fuel consumption, l/hr 8 10 12 20
Hourly Production of JCB-3CX type Backhoe Excavator:
Rated Power, HP 78
Bucket Capacity 0.18 ~ 0.56, take 0.2
Cycle Time, Cm (s) 15
No. of Cycles per hour, N 240
Production per hour, Q (m3/hr) 26
Fuel Consumption, l/hr 8
TRANSPORTATION BY TRUCK
Sample units taken for analysis:
Payload Capacity
Category of Trucks: 5 000 kg
Analysis is taken with assumption that:
Loading and unloading both are carried out manually
Loading is done by machine and unloaded manually
1. Manual loading and unloading:
Ct = (t1+ t2 + t3 + t4)/60hr where, Ct: cycle time(min)
t1: loading time(min)
t2: travel time(min)
t3: unloading time(min)
t4: return time(min)
t1 t 3 D
Ct = 2 ,(hr) where,D: distance traveled (km)
60 V
V: average speed of the vehicle (km/hr)
D
Ct = 0.75 + 2 hr
V
Cycle time for manual loading/unloading, Ct(hr)
Distance, Cycle Time ( time required to make
D(km) a trip), Ct (hr)
Vehicle speed, V(km/hr)
10 20
1 0.95 0.85
2 1.15 0.95
3 1.35 1.05
4 1.55 1.15
5 1.75 1.25
Each 0.10 0.10
additional
km beyond
5
2. Loading by machine and unloading manually
Loading Time,t1 = Cm x no. of cycles to fill dump truck
C1
= Cm x (min)
q1 xK
where, Cm: cycle time of loader (min)
C1: bucket capacity of truck,(m3)
q1: bucket capacity of loader, (m3)
Loading Time, t1 (min)
Payload Capacity of
Truck, (kg )
Bucket
Cm 5000
Capacity
of min
C1=3 m3
Loader,
q1,( m) K
1.00 0.90 0.85 0.80
1.0 3.00 3.34 3.53 3.75
1.5 2.00 2.22 2.36 2.50
1.0
2.0 1.50 1.67 1.77 1.88
2.5 1.20 1.34 1.41 1.50
#for practical purpose, take C1= 2, 3 and 5 m3 instead of 2, 3.3 and 5.3 m3
Bucket Factor, K
Loading Condition Bucket Factor, K
Easy loading 1.00~1.10
Average loading 0.85~0.95
Rather difficult loading 0.80~0.85
Difficult loading 0.75~0.80
Travel and return time, t2 + t4 (hr):
D
t2 + t4 = 2 (hr)
V
Time required for manual unloading, t3 (hr):
If the truck was manually loaded and unloaded, time would have taken 0.75 hr. Assuming that
unloading time is approximately one third of total loading and unloading time.
t3 = 0.75/3 = 0.25(hr)
Cycle time, Ct = t1+ t2 + t3 + t4
D
= t1/60 + 2 + 0.25 (hr)
V
Out put per trip, C1(m3):
Category
Density, Void, of Truck,
S.N Material kg
kg/m3 %
5000
1 Soil, loose 1450 20 4.14
2 Sand, Murram, Surkhi 1450 30 4.48
3 Gravel, 40 mm 1600 25 3.90
4 Shingle, 40 mm 1450 35 4.65
5 Stone, crushed, 40 mm 1600 30 4.06
6 Stone, crushed, 40 mm 1450 40 4.83
7 Brick rubble 1000 35 6.75
8 Stone, Soling, Boulders 2400 40 2.92
9 Stone, excavated 2400 50 3.13
10 Brick 2000 no
11 Cement, Iron 5000 kg
12 Bitumen
13 Stone block
14 G.I., C.I.
15 C.C. Pipe
16 Lime, Timber 5000 kg
Select the truck and the material to be transported. From the tables, find C1(m3/trip) and Ct(hr/trip)
Ct
Time required to transport unit quantity of material, T = (hr/m3)
C1
