Kinematics and dynamics Centripetal force, 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 Thermodynamics of Gases

Linear motion 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑣𝜔 Specific Heat Capacity, 𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐∆𝑇

𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑣 2
𝐹=
𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠 𝑟 Molar Heat Capacity at constant
1 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑟𝜔2 volume, 𝑄 = 𝑛𝑐𝑉 ∆𝑇
𝑠 = (𝑢 + 𝑣)𝑡 Gravitation
2
1 Newton’s law of universal gravitation Molar Heat Capacity at constant
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 𝑚1 𝑚2
2 𝐹=𝐺 pressure, 𝑄 = 𝑛𝑐𝑝 ∆𝑇
𝑟2 𝑐𝑝 − 𝑐𝑉 = 𝑅
𝐹
Newton’s law, 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 Gravitational Field Strength, 𝑔 = 𝑚 𝑓+2
𝑀 𝑐𝑝 = 𝑅
𝑔=𝐺 2 2
Weight, 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔 𝑅 𝑓
𝑐𝑉 = 𝑅
𝑔𝑅 2 2
Momentum, 𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣 Velocity of satellite, 𝑣 = √ Work done by a gas, ∆𝑊 = 𝑝∆𝑉
𝑟
First law of thermodynamics,
Elastic collision, 𝐺𝑀
𝑣=√ ∆𝑄 = ∆𝑈 + 𝑊
𝑚1 𝑢1 + 𝑚2 𝑢2 = 𝑚1 𝑣1 + 𝑚2 𝑣2 𝑟
2𝐺𝑀 Heat transfer
Inelastic collision, Escape velocity, 𝑣𝑒 = √ 𝑅 Thermal Conduction,
𝑚1 𝑢1 + 𝑚2 𝑢2 = (𝑚1 + 𝑚2 )𝑣 𝑣𝑒 = √2𝑔𝑅 𝑄 𝑘𝐴∆𝑇
=
𝑡 𝑑
Explosion, Kinetic Theory of gas
0 = 𝑚1 𝑣1 + 𝑚2 𝑣2 Boyle’s law, 𝑝1 𝑉1 = 𝑝2 𝑉2 Stefan-Boltzman law,
𝑃 = 𝜎𝐴𝑒𝑇 4
Static friction, 𝑉1 𝑉 𝑃𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝜎𝐴𝑒(𝑇 4 − 𝑇04 )
Charles’ law, = 𝑇2
𝑓 = 𝜇𝑁, 𝑁 = 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑇1 2

Linear expansion,∆𝐿 = 𝛼𝐿0 ∆𝑇

𝑝1 𝑝2
Work, Energy and Power Pressure’s law, = 𝐿 = 𝐿0 + ∆𝐿
𝑇1 𝑇2
Work done,𝑊 = 𝐹𝑠 𝐿 = 𝐿0 (1 + 𝛼∆𝑇)
Ideal gas equation, 𝑝𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇
1
Kinetic energy, 𝐾𝐸 = 2 𝑚𝑣 2 𝑝𝑉 = 𝑁𝑘𝑇 Area expansion,∆𝐴 = 𝛽𝐴0 ∆𝑇
𝐴 = 𝐴0 + ∆𝐴
𝑅 𝐴 = 𝐴0 (1 + 𝛽∆𝑇)
Gravitational Potential Energy, Boltzmann constant, 𝑘 = 𝑁
𝐺𝑃𝐸 = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
𝐴 𝛽 = 2𝛼
1
𝑊 Pressure of a gas, 𝑝 = 3 𝜌 < 𝑐 2 > Volume expansion,∆𝑉 = 𝛾𝑉0 ∆𝑇
Power, 𝑃 = 𝑡 𝑉 = 𝑉0 + ∆𝑉
Molecular Kinetic Energy, 𝑉 = 𝑉0 (1 + 𝛾∆𝑇)
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
Efficiency, 𝜀 = × 100% 1 3
𝑚 < 𝑐 2 > = 2 𝑁𝑘𝑇 𝛾 = 3𝛼
𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
2
1 3
Cricular motion 𝑚 < 𝑐 2 > = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 Electrostatics
2 2 Coulomb’s Law,
2𝜋
Period, 𝑇 = 𝜔 3𝑁𝑘𝑇 𝑞1 𝑞2
r.m.s speed, 𝑐𝑟.𝑚.𝑠 = √ 𝐹=
𝑚
Angular velocity, 𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2
1
3𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝑞1 𝑞2
Frequency, 𝑓 = 𝑇 𝐹=𝑘 2
𝑐𝑟.𝑚.𝑠 = √ 𝑟
Linear velocity, 𝑣 = 𝑟𝜔 𝑚
k = 9 × 109
Centripetal acceleration, 𝑎 = 𝑣𝜔 Internal Energy of an Ideal gas, Electric field strength,
𝑎 = 𝑟𝜔2 𝑓 𝐹
𝑈 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝐸 = , for a point charge
𝑣2 2 𝑞
𝑎= 𝑓
𝑟 𝑈 = 𝑁𝑘𝑇 ,
2
 𝑉 Magnetic field due to current, Oscillations
𝐸= , for parallel plate 𝜇0 𝐼
𝑑 SHM,
for a straight wire, 𝐵 =
Electric Potential, 2𝜋𝑟 𝑎 = −𝜔2 𝑥
𝑞 𝜇0 𝑁𝐼
𝑉= for a circular coil, 𝐵 = 𝐹 = −𝑘𝑥
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2𝑟 2𝜋
𝑞 𝜇0 N𝐼 𝜔=
𝑉=k 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑, 𝐵 = 𝑇
𝑟 L 1
Electric Potential Energy, Electromagnetic Induction 𝑇=
𝑞1 𝑞2 𝑓
𝑈= Faraday Law, 𝑥 = 𝑥0 sin 𝜔𝑡
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 𝑑𝜙
𝑞1 𝑞2 𝜀 = −𝑁 𝑑𝑥
𝑈=k 𝑑𝑡 𝑣= = 𝜔𝑥0 cos 𝜔𝑡
𝑟 𝑑𝑡
Motional emf,
𝑈 = 𝑉𝑞 𝑎 = −𝜔2 𝑥0 sin 𝜔𝑡
𝜀 = 𝐵𝑙𝑣 or 𝐵𝑙𝑣 sin 𝜃
Capacitor
Self-inductance, 𝑣 = ±𝜔√𝑥02 − 𝑥 2
Capacitance, 𝑑𝐼
𝑄 𝜀 = −𝐿 Total energy, E=U+K
𝐶= 𝑑𝑡 Kinetic energy,
𝑉 𝑁𝜙 = 𝐿𝐼
𝜀0 𝜀𝑟 𝐴 1
𝐶= Self-inductance for solenoid, 𝐾 = 𝑚𝜔2 (𝑥02 − 𝑥 2 )
𝑑 2
𝜇𝑁 2 𝐴 Internal energy,
Series, 𝐿=
1 1 1 1 𝑙 1
= + + 𝑈 = 𝑚𝜔2 𝑥 2
𝐶𝑇 𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3 2
Alternating Current circuits Total energy,
𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄1 = 𝑄2 = 𝑄3
Emf of a rotating coil, 1
𝜀 = 𝑁𝐵𝐴𝜔 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝐸 = 𝑚𝜔2 𝑥02
Parallel, 2
Rms value of current, Spring mass system,
𝑄𝑇 = 𝑄1 + 𝑄2 + 𝑄3
𝐼𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑚
𝐶𝑇 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 𝐶3 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝑇 = 2𝜋√
Energy stored in capacitor, √2 𝑘
Rms value of voltage, Simple pendulum
1 1 𝑄2 1
𝐸 = 𝐶𝑉 2 = ( ) = 𝑄𝑉 𝑉𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘
2 2 𝐶 2 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝑙
√2 𝑇 = 2𝜋√
Electric current 𝑔
Inductor in ac circuit,
Current, Wave motion
𝐼 = 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 sin 𝜔𝑡
𝑄
𝐼 = = 𝑛𝐴𝑣𝑒 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 cos 𝜔𝑡 𝑣 = 𝑓𝜆
𝑡 Phase difference,
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐿𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥
Power, 2𝜋𝑥
𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿
𝑉2 𝜙=
𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 = 𝐼 2 𝑅 = 𝑉 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠 𝐼 𝑏𝑦 90° 𝜆
𝑅 Equation of progressive wave,
Resistivity, Capacitor in ac circuit,
𝑉 = 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 sin 𝜔𝑡 2𝜋𝑥
𝑅𝐴 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 ± )
𝜌= 𝐼 = 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 cos 𝜔𝑡 𝜆
𝑙 (+) negative x-direction
Emf, E=I(R+r) 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐶𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
1 (-) positive x-direction
𝑋𝐶 =
Magnetic fields 2𝜋𝑓𝐶
Sound waves
𝐼 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑠 𝑉 𝑏𝑦 90°
Wave on a string,
Magnetic Force on a moving charge, RLC circuit,
𝐹𝑚 = 𝑞𝑣𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑍 = √(𝑅 2 + (𝑋𝑙 − 𝑋𝑐 )2 𝑇
𝑣=√
Magnetic force on a current carrying Resonance frequency, 𝜇
conductor, 1 𝑣
𝑓= 𝑓𝑛 = 𝑛 ( )
𝐹𝑚 = 𝐵𝐼𝐿𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 2𝜋√𝐿𝐶 2𝐿
Magnetic flux,
𝜙 = 𝐵𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
Tube open at one ends, Special relativity
𝑣 Newton ring: Δ𝑡𝑜
𝑓𝑛 = 𝑛 ( ) Δ𝑡 =
4𝐿 Constructive interference, 𝑣2
Tube open at both ends, 1 √1 − ( )
𝑣 𝑟 2 = (𝑚 + )𝜆𝑅 𝑐2
𝑓𝑛 = 𝑛 ( ) 2
2𝐿 Destructive interference, 𝑣2
Beat frequency, 𝐿 = 𝐿0 √1 − ( )
𝑟 2 = 𝑚𝜆𝑅 𝑐2
𝑓 = (𝑓1 − 𝑓2 ) 𝑚𝑜
Doppler effects, 𝑚=
Single slit diffraction: 𝑣2
𝑣 ± 𝑣0 √1 − ( 2 )
𝑓𝑜 = 𝑓 Destructive interference, 𝑐
𝑣 ∓ 𝑣𝑠 𝑠
𝑑 sin 𝜃 = 𝑚𝜆
Geometrical Optics
𝑟
𝑓= Diffraction grating,
2
Lens formula, 𝑑 sin 𝜃 = 𝑚𝜆
1 1 1 1
= + 𝑁=
𝑓 𝑢 𝑣 𝑑
Snell’s law,
Quantum Physics
𝑛𝑖 sin 𝑖 = 𝑛𝑟 sin 𝑟
ℎ𝑐
𝑛𝑖 𝑣𝑖 = 𝑛𝑟 𝑣𝑟 𝐸 = ℎ𝑓 =
𝜆
𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑟 (𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ)
ℎ𝑓 = 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 + 𝐾𝑚𝑎𝑥
= 𝑛𝑟 (𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ)
𝑊 = ℎ𝑓0
1
𝑛= 𝐾𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑒𝑉𝑠
sin 𝐶 De Broglie wavelength,
Prism,
ℎ
𝑑 = 𝑖1 + 𝑖2 − 𝐴 𝜆=
𝑝
𝐴 = 𝑟1 + 𝑟2
Energy level of hydrogen atom,
minimum deviation,
13.6ev
𝑟1 = 𝑟2 𝐸𝑛 = −
𝑖1 = 𝑖2 𝑛2
Energy difference,
𝐸 = 𝐸𝑓 − 𝐸𝑖
Wave optics
Double slit:
Nuclear Physics
Constructive interference,
x-ray Bragg’s law,
𝑑𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚𝜆
2𝑑𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑛𝜆
Destructive interference,
1 Energy released,
𝑑𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = (𝑚 + )𝜆 𝐸 = 𝑚𝑐 2 , m = mass defect
2
Radioactivity,
Thin film: 𝑑𝑁
= −𝜆𝑁
Constructive interference, 𝑑𝑡
1 Half life,
2𝑛𝑡 = (𝑚 + )𝜆 ln 2
2 𝑇1 =
Destructive interference, 2 𝜆
2𝑛𝑡 = (𝑚 + 1)𝜆 𝑁 = 𝑁0 𝑒 −𝜆𝑡

Wedge Interference,
Constructive interference,
1
2𝑛𝑡 = (𝑚 + )𝜆
2
Destructive interference,
2𝑛𝑡 = 𝑚𝜆