Shri Saibaba Sansthan Trust’s
Shri Saibaba College, Shirdi
WEL COME
For
Learning academic subjects through online platform
Mr.Manoj G. Kundhare
Assistant Professor
Electronics Science
S. Y. B. Sc. (Computer Science),Electronics
Semester III
Paper II (ELC-232)
Digital Communication and Networking
(2 Credit)
Note : All the images are taken from the internet
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
Data Transmission :-
• Data transmission means the transfer of data in the
form of bits between two or more digital devices.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
Parallel Transmission :-
• In Parallel data transmission, all the bits of a byte
are transmitted simultaneously on the separate
lines.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
Parallel Transmission :-
• In Parallel data transmission, multiple lines (wires) are
required.
• Parallel transmission is possible only in short distance
communication only.
• E.g. Parallel transmission takes place between a computer
and it’s printer.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
Advantages of Parallel Transmission :-
1. In this type of transmission, all the bits are transmitted
simultaneously at the same time, hence the total time
required for the transmission is very less.
i.e. For 8-bit data transmission, only one clock
cycle is required.
2. Due to this, the clock frequency can be kept low.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
Disadvantages of Parallel Transmission :-
1. To transmit an N-bit word, we need N number of wires.
2. With increase in the number of user’s, the number of
wires increase and it becomes impossible to handle them.
3. This type of transmission is not possible in long distance
communication.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
Serial Transmission :-
• In Serial data transmission, all the bits of a byte are
transmitted one by one on a single data line.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
Serial data Transmission :-
• The byte to be transmitted is first stored in the shift
register.
• Then these bits are shifted from MSB to LSB, bit by bit in
synchronization with the clock.
• For serial transmission only one wire / line is needed
between the transmitter and the receiver.
• Hence long distance communication is possible in serial
data transmission.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
Practical Serial data Transmission :-
• In above fig. the transmitter and receiver both are
computers.
• Since the communication within a computer is parallel, it is
necessary to convert the parallel data into a serial one at the
transmitter.
• At the receiver, the serial to parallel conversion is required
to be performed.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
Advantages of Serial Transmission :-
1. Only one wire / line is required for the transmission.
2. Reduction in cost due to less number of wires are used.
3. Long distance communication is possible.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
Disadvantages of Serial Transmission :-
1. The speed of data transfer is very low as only one bit send
at a time.
i.e. To transmit 8-bit data through the parallel transmission
only one clock cycle is required, while to transfer 8-bit
data through serial transmission 8 clock cycles are
required.
2. To increase the speed of data transfer, it is necessary to
increase the clock frequency.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
Types of Serial Transmission :-
1. Asynchronous data transmission.
2. Synchronous data transmission.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
1. Asynchronous data transmission :-
• In asynchronous transmission, the transmitter can begin
the transmission of data bytes at any instant of time.
• Only one byte is send at a time. After sending one byte the
next byte can be sent after an arbitrary time delay.
• The transmitter and receiver can operate at different
clock frequencies.
• There is no synchronization between them.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
1. Asynchronous data transmission :-
• As the data transmission can commence at any time, it becomes
difficult for the receiver to understand the instant at which the
byte has been transmitted.
• To help the receiver the data bytes Start & Stop bits are used
along with each data bytes.
• The start bit is always 0 and the stop bit is always 1.
• When the receiver detects a start bit, it will set a timer and
begins counting bits as they come in.
• After n bits the receiver searches the stop bit.
• The idle time in between the two adjacent data bytes is not
constant.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
1. Asynchronous data transmission :-
• Block diagram
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
1. Asynchronous data transmission :-
Advantages :-
1. Synchronization between the transmitter and receiver is not
necessary.
2. It is possible to transmit signals from the sources having
different bit rates.
3. The transmission can commence as soon as the data byte to be
transmitted becomes available.
4. This mode of transmission is easy to implement.
5. The entire cost is low.
6. It is an effective scheme.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
1. Asynchronous data transmission :-
Disdvantages :-
1. Additional bits called start and stop bits are required to be used.
2. It is difficult to determine the sampling instants hence the
timing error can takes place.
3. The start / stop bits and the idle time makes the asynchronous
transmission slow.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
1. Asynchronous data tran
Application :-
• The connection of the keyboard to computer.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
2. Synchronous data transmission :-
• Synchronous transmission is carried out under the control
of common master clock.
• Here the bits which are being transmitted are synchronous
to a reference clock.
• No start and stop bits are used.
• The data bytes are transmitted as a block in continuous
stream of bits.
• There is an inter block idle time which also is filled with
idle characters.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
2. Synchronous data transmission :-
• The receiver operates at exactly the same clock frequency
as that of transmitter, as both are synchronized with each
other.
• Flag is sequence of fixed number of bits which is prefixed
to each block.
• Flag is useful to identifying the beginning of data block.
• In this type of transmission, data is transferred in the
frames.
• A frame would contain more than one bytes.
• There is no gap between the successive frames.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
2. Synchronous data transmission :-
• Block diagram
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
2. Synchronous data transmission :-
Advantages :-
1. The speed of transmission is much higher than that of
asynchronous transmission
2. Start & Stop bits are not required for the transmission.
3. Timing errors are reduced due to synchronization.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
2. Synchronous data transmission :-
Disdvantages :-
1. The transmitter and receiver have to operate at the same clock
frequency.
2. This requires proper synchronization.
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
2. Synchronous data transmission :-
Application:-
1. The data transfer between one computer to the other computer .
Unit – 1
Introduction to Electronic Communication
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