Advanced Power System Analysis

OLD Questions Collection

QN1 What do you mean by un-compensated symmetrical transmission line ? Prove that the mid-
point voltage, active power and reactive power through such line are given by :
 V2 V2
Vm = V Cos , P= Sin  and Q = (1 - Cos )
2 X X
Where,
V = magnitude of receiving end voltage per phase
 = Phase angle between sending end voltage and receiving end voltage
X = Reactance of the line per phase

If a mid point compensator is employed to make | Vm | = | VS | = | VR |, how the voltage

QN2 a) Briefly describe the basic principles of i) mid-point shunt compensator ii) Series
compensator iii) Phase angle control. Explain the effect of them on transient stability
with the help of P- curve .

b) A 200 miles long, 220 kV (Line to Line ) , 50 Hz transmission line has parameters as
follow :
Resistance of the line : Negligible
Inductance of the line : 1.82 mH /mile

The line is used to transmit the power with sending end and receiving end voltage constant
at 220 kV with a phase angle of 400 between them. Neglecting the shunt capacitance
Calculate :

i) The total power transmitted over the line and mid point voltage.

ii) A mid point SVC is used to regulate the mid point voltage equal to | Vs | = | V R |.
Calculate the Power transmitted through the line and Var required to be supplied by
the SVC.

QN3 Explain the operating principle of the Thyristor Controlled Reactor (TCR) with a purely
inductive reactor with necessary waveforms. For a system voltage of 11 kV, if an inductor
of 5H per phase is used in the TCR, calculate the effective reactance and reactive power
consumed by TCR branch for delay angle  = 300

QN4 Explain the operation Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) with basic circuit
diagram and phasor diagram. Perform a mathematical analysis to show that the additional
active power flow in the line due to SSSC is given by:
V .Vq.Cos( / 2)
Padd 
XL

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QN5 A symmetrical transmission line has sending and voltage (V S) and receiving end voltage
(VR) equal to 132 kV.The phase angle between VS and VR is 300. The line reactance is 20
ohms per phase. Calculate the magnitude and phase of the line current with respect to V S.
SSSC is connected in the line with series injected voltage of 0.3 pu which lags the line
current by 900. Calculate the active power flow through the line with and without SSSC.

QN5 A 150 miles long, 220 kV (Line to Line ) , 50 Hz transmission line has parameters as
follow :
Resistance of the line : Negligible
Inductance of the line : 1.82 mH /mile
Capacitance of the line : 0.01 F / mile (line to neutral )
The line is used to transmit the power with sending end and receiving end voltage constant
at 220 kV with a phase angle of 500 between them. Neglecting the shunt capacitance
Calculate :
The total power transmitted over the line and mid point voltage.
iii) A mid point SVC is used to regulate the mid point voltage equal to | Vs | = | V R |.
Calculate the Power transmitted through the line and Var required to be supplied by
the SVC.
iv) A series compensator is to be used to achieve the power transmitted equal to that
of in part in part (ii) . Calculate the amount of capacitance to be connected in series.
What is the Var handled by the series capacitor?

QN6 Explain the operating principle of the Fixed capacitor Thyristor Controlled Reactor with
circuit diagram and associated waveforms. If a fixed capacitor of 200 F and an
inductor of 100 mH is used in the scheme, Calculate the net effective reactance of the
scheme at a firing angle of 45 0 and state whether the net reactance is capacitive or
inductive.

QN7 Explain the operation of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) with basic circuit diagram
and phasor diagram and describe how it can perform all the three actions of voltage
regulation, series compensation and phase angle control. Perform a mathematical analysis
to show that the extra active power and reactive power through the transmission line due to
UPFC are :
PExtra = (V. Vpq )/x Sin (+) and QExtra = (V. Vpq )/x Cos (+)

QN8 Starting from the N/R load flow equation [ Jacibian ]  [ Correction ] = [ Mis-match ] for
a typical 4-bus network, derive the Fast Decoupled Load Flow equations : (16)

-B22 -B23 -B24 2 P2 V2

-B32 -B33 -B34  3 = P3 V3

-B42 -B43 -B44 4 P4 V4

And

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 -B22 -B23 -B24 V2 Q2 V2

-B32 -B33 -B34  V3 = Q3 V3

-B42 -B43 -B44 V4 Q4 V4

QN9 Explain the operating principle of a SSSC with basic circuit diagram and phasor diagram.
Perform a mathematical analysis to show that the extra active through the transmission line
| V | . | Vq | 
due to SSSC is : Pextra  Cos
x 2
QN10 The following fig shows a basic circuit diagram STATCOM used as reactive power
compensator. Explain its operation with the help of phasor diagram.
VL Load
I IL
I0

Coupling Tr
|V0 | 0
AC-DC
Converter

+ Vdc -

The inverter branch of the STATCOM has R0 = 0.06 ohm and X0 = 0.12 ohm
The system load is PL = 25 kW per phase at 230 V with pf = 0.8 lag
Calculate the magnitude and phase of the inverter output voltage (V 00 ) required for
unity power factor operation. Also calculate the magnitude and phase of the current
through the inverter branch. Take load voltage as reference phasor

QN11 Explain the operating principle of the Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor with necessary
diagram and waveforms. If the Capacitor used in the scheme has a value of 100F and the
inductor of the scheme has an inductance of 100mH. Calculate the Effective series
3 
reactance of the scheme at a firing angle = (i.e.  = ) and state whether Effective
4 4
reactance is capacitive or inductive.

QN12 a) Briefly describe the basic principles of i) Series compensator iii) Phase angle control.
Explain the effect of them on transient stability with the help of P- curve.

c) A 200 miles long, 220 kV (Line to Line ) , 50 Hz transmission line has parameters as
follow :
Resistance of the line : Negligible
Inductance of the line : 360mH per phase

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 The line is used to transmit the power with sending end and receiving end voltage constant
at 220 kV with a phase angle of 400 between them. Neglecting the shunt capacitance
Calculate :

v) The total power transmitted over the line and mid point voltage.

vi) A Series capacitor compensator is introduced in the line whose capacitive reactance
is 30 ohms per phase and same amount of active power [as in part (i) ] is allowed
to flow through the line keeping |Vs| = |VR |= 220kV . Calculate the new power
angle at which the line will operate.

QN13 For the 3-bus network shown below, perform Load flow analysis with Gauss-Seidal
method. Perform one main iteration with two local iterations at each bus to calculate voltage
magnitude and phase at bus -2 and bus-3.
P3 = 0.8 pu
P2 = 1.2 pu
Q3 = 0.7 pu
Q3 = 0.7 pu

Bus-2 Bus-3
j0.25pu

j0.1
j0.15

Bus-1
P1 = 0.8 pu
V1 = 10 Q1 = 0.5 pu

QN14 For the 3-bus network shown below, perform Load flow analysis with Fast
Decoupled Load Flow method. Perform up to two iterations to calculate voltage magnitude
and phase at bus -2 and bus-3.

P3 = 0.8 pu
P2 = 1.2 pu
Q3 = 0.7 pu
Q3 = 0.7 pu

Bus-2 Bus-3
j0.25pu

j0.1 j0.15

Bus-1

V1 = 10

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QN15 Why d-q equivalent circuit is necessary to analyze the salient pole synchronous machine?
The current drawn by a three phase load is given by the following equations:

ia = 100 Cos(t-)
ib = 100 Cos(t- 1200 -)
ic = 100 Cos(t- 2400 -)
Calculate the magnitude of d-q component of the three phase current.

QN16 Draw the circuit diagram of a three phase synchronous generator with cylindrical rotor in
a-b-c frame. Write down the flux-linkage equation for coil-a, coil-b, coil-c and coil-f in
terms of Ls, Ms , Lff and Mf.
Where,
Ls = self inductance of phase coil
-Ms = Mutual inductance between two phase coils.
Lff = Self inductance of the field winding
Mf = Max value of mutual inductance between field and stator windings.

Perform the necessary analysis and derive the mathematical equation to prove that the
circuit model in a-b-c frame can be represented by the following equivalent circuit in d-q
frame. [

d - axis q - axis

d-coil
Id

f-coil
3
Mf
2 If