Task 1 samples

The graph gives information on the consumption of oil, measured in million tons, in 4 main
markets between 2009 and 2030. The unit is measured in million tons. From an initial
observation, it is clear that the figure for the USA is notably higher than that of the three
other regions. Aside from that, the numbers of the USA and Western Europe & Japan is
expected to witness a downward trend, while it would be the opposite for China and the
Middle East.

It is forecasted that the number of the USA would fluctuate mildly, starting at around 9
million tons in 2009 and then peaking at 10 million tons in 2015 before finishing at under 8
million at the end of the examined period. Meanwhile, Western Europe & Japan is projected
to see a steady decrease, beginning at 4 million tons in 2009, dipping to 3 million in 2015
and then falling to 2 million tons, two times lower than the original number, in 15 years’
time.

The figures for China and the Middle East both started at 2 million tons and are anticipated
to undergo a moderate increase throughout the studied duration. The number of China will
reach the highest point of 4 million in 2025, before dropping slightly to approximately 3.5
million in 5 years. In the meantime, there will be a stable growth in the number of the Middle
East, with the total oil consumption in 2025 standing at roughly 3.2 million tons and then
rising to just a little under 3.5 million in 2030.
The picture illustrates the proportion of renewable energy usage compared to that of the
total energy of 6 countries between 1971 and 2006. Overall, all areas but Finland underwent
an increase. However -> Noticeably, the figure of Finland remained the highest among all
studied nations.

It is evident that the numbers of Finland, Denmark and the United States saw fluctuations
throughout the examined time frame. In 1971, the portion of these three countries were
25%, 15% and 2.5%, respectively. 15 years later, while the figures of the two European
countries witnessed a decrease, that of the United States rose to 7.5%, tripling the original
recorded number. From then on, the figures saw an upward trend, with Finland standing at
23% and the US reaching 19%, surpassing Denmark, which finished at 18%.

In 1971, the figures for Finland, Denmark, and the United States stood at 25%, 15%, and
2.5%, respectively. From then on, all of them demonstrated erratic changes. Specifically,
towards 1991, the amounts of renewable energy in Demark and the USA witnessed an
upward trend, with the former peaking at 15% and the latter at roughly 9%. In contrast,
there was a decline in the amount of sustainable power used in Finland. This figure,
however, recovered swiftly, reaching 24% by the end of the period. Likewise, the numbers of
Denmark and Finland also increased, finishing at 17% and 18%, respectively.
The chart shows the proportion of working age adults in four countries from 1960 to 2015. Units
are given in percentages

The chart gives data on the portion of working age population in 4 nations (France, United
States, Japan and Germany) between 1960 and 2050. Overall, all areas are expected to
undergo a fall. In addition, it can be seen that Japan was the country with the most noticeable
changes.

It is evident that the figures for Japan and Germany are forecasted to shift erratically. That of
Japan began at 65% in 1960 before peaking at 70% in 1990, and from then on plunged to
around 51% in 2050, making Japan the smallest-scaled labor force in the last half of the given
duration. Germany stood at 67% in the beginning and dipped slightly before hitting nearly 70%
in 1990, but then the proportion dropped significantly to 55% in 2050.

France and the US, on the other hand, are projected to witness less dramatic fluctuations. The
figure for France rose from 62% in 1960 to 66% in 1990 and stabilized for two decades, before
declining to 58% in 2050. The US commenced at 60% in 1960, reached a peak of 67% in 2000
and gradually went down, despite being the nation with the biggest working adult population in
the last 40 years.
(200 words)
The graph below shows the percentage of Australian exports to 4 countries from 1990 to 2012

The graph illustrates the proportion of Australian exports to four nations (Japan, US, China and
India) between 1990 and 2012. In general, the figures for Japan and the US had a tendency to
go down, while it was the opposite for the remaining two countries. In addition, India was
constantly the market with the lowest percentage.

It was evident that the portion of Japan, despite undergoing a gradual decline, was the highest
in the first 15 years of the given duration. The figure started at 26% in 1990 before dropping to
20% in 5 years’ time and then gradually decreased to approximately 16% in 2012. The US
market, which also witnessed a fall, commenced at 11%, before fluctuating and eventually
finished at 7%.

In contrast, both China and India saw an upward trend, despite beginning humbly at around 2%
in 1990. The data for China witnessed a steady rise to 5% in 2000 and shot up to 25% ten years
later, taking Japan’s first place and concluded at 28% in 2012. The figure for India, on the other
hand, remained constant for 10 years, before rising to 7% in 2010 and later dipped to 5% in
2012.
(197 words)
The chart illustrates the average CO2 emissions per person in four European countries between
1975 and 2015

The graph demonstrates the average carbon dioxide emissions per person in four nations in
Europe (France, Norway, Spain and Greece) for 40 years from 1975 to 2015. Units are
measured in metric tons.

Overall, it is clear that the figure of France was constantly the highest throughout the studied
duration, while that of Greece remained the lowest. Additionally, France and Norway witnessed
a downward trend, while it is the opposite for Spain and Greece.

France, despite being the country with the highest average emission, saw a drop from nearly 12
metric tons in 1975 to around 8.5 metric tons in 2015. Norway, even though also underwent a
decrease in CO2 release, reached a peak of 10 metric tons in 1985, before gradually
plummeting to under 6 metric tons 30 years later.

Regarding the two remaining countries, there was a similar pattern of starting low and then
rising steadily. The data of Spain commenced at 4 metric tons and slowly rose to nearly two
times higher in 2005, before stabilizing until 2015. Greece began humbly at approximately 1% in
1975 and climbed to 5% at the end of the examined time frame.

(190 words)
The monthly price of exported rice from Thailand and Vietnam from 2012 to 2015 (million dollars
per tons)
The line graphs give data on the monthly price of exported rice from Thailand and Vietnam over
3 years from 2012 and 2015. From an initial observation, the prices in Thailand were always
higher than that in Vietnam. In both countries, the cost had a tendency to be the highest in the
year 2012.

In Thailand, the prices shifted erratically, aside from 2013, which gradually declined from 550
million dollars in January to 400 in December. The figure for 2012 began at over 500 million
dollars per tons and remained the same for two months before fluctuating and eventually
stabilized at 550 million in the latter half of the year. 2014 and 2015 began at 450 and 400
million, respectively, before varying inconsistently and finishing at around 475 million.

Regarding Vietnam, there were also variations in the prices over the years, except for 2014,
which constantly remained at roughly 330 million. The price in 2012 started at 400 million and
stayed steady until March before shifting and concluded at the original figure. That of 2015,
which commenced at 300 million and concluded at 325 million, witnessed the same pattern.
2013, however, stood at 375 million at first and steadily decreased to 350 million in December.
(205 words)
The graph below shows the percentage of people in different age groups in one city who
attended music concert between 2010 and 2015

The graph depicts the portion of people in five age groups in a city who went to music concerts
from 2010 to 2015. Overall, younger people tended to attend concerts more than the elders. It is
also noticeable that the figure for 75+ age group always remained the lowest.

A rise in proportion was recorded in the 16-24, 45-54 and 75+ age group. The number of people
between 16 and 24 who appeared at concerts increased constantly from 40% in 2010 to 70% in
2015. The 45-54 age range shared a beginning with the youngest generation, but the figure
dipped to around 30% in 2013 before growing to nearly 50% in two years’ time. The percentage
for people over 75 commenced at 10% before fluctuating mildly and finished at over 20% in
2015.

Meanwhile, the remaining two groups remained constant with some minor shifts. The 25-44 age
group began at over 50%, dropped to a low of 40% in a year before climbing back and
stabilizing at the original number until 2015. For those of the 55-64 age bracket, the number
grew from 25% in 2010 to 30% in 2011 before leveling off and eventually dropped to 22% in
2015.

(200 words)
The graphs show the changes in the UK steel industry between 1970 and 2000

The given graphs illustrate the shifts in the steel industry in the UK for 30 years from 1970 to
2000. It can be seen from the data that the total UK demand for steel and the employment
status in the industry shared a similar downward trend. Noticeably, it seems that the higher the
amount of imports, the lower the domestic demand for steel.

Concerning the line graph, the value for UK production decreased gradually, while it was the
opposite for that of import. The British steel production commenced at 170000 tons in 1970 and
plummeted to 90000 in 1990 before slowing down and finishing at 80000 tons. In contrast, the
data for import underwent a constant rise from just 10000 tons in 1970 to 75000 in 2000, almost
catching up with that of the UK after 30 years. The total UK demand, as a result, dropped
steadily from 200000 tons in 1970 to a figure two times lower in 2000.

Likewise, the employment status in the field also had a tendency to decline. The number of steel
industry workers began at 50000 in 1970, went down to 40000 in 1980 and halved in ten years,
before finishing at approximately 18000 people in 2000.
(186 words)
The bar chart below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over of three countries
in 1980 and 2000 and prediction in 2030

The bar chart depicts the percentage of people above 65 in three nations (Canada, Germany
and UK) in 1980 and 2000 and estimations for 2030. In general, the proportion of the over-65
population is expected to rise in all countries. Additionally, the figure for elder people in
Germany has a tendency to be the highest.

It is apparent that the percentages of citizens aged 65 and above in Germany and the UK are
expected to go up steadily. The data for Germany began at 15% in 1980 and then grew 5% in
2000 before finishing at 25% in 30 years’ time. Likewise, the UK saw a slight increase from 14%
in 1980 to 15% in 2000, and was forecasted to reach 19% in 2030.

Meanwhile, the portion of the 65-and-above age group in Canada is anticipated to rocket.
Starting at 10% in 1980 as the lowest figure among three countries, Canada climbed to 15% in
2020 and was predicted to leap to 22% in 2030, surpassing the UK to become the country with
the second-highest number of people over 65 years old.

(186 words)
The charts give data on the ticket prices between Sydney and Melbourne of one airline
company over a duration of two weeks in 2013. In general, the prices during this period saw
many resemblances. Additionally, prices seemed to be the lowest from Tuesday to
Wednesday.

During week 1, the price for a ticket from Sydney to Melbourne was the highest on Monday,
standing at 80 dollars, and Friday and Saturday followed closely, costing 75 dollars and 70
dollars respectively. However, ticket price for the return trip was the most expensive on
Friday, reaching 80 dollars, followed by 60 dollars on Monday and Saturday.

As for week 2, it was the most costly to fly on Friday on both flights, with a price of 75
dollars for a flight from Sydney to Melbourne and 60 dollars for that of the opposite
direction. Tickets for a flight from Sydney to Melbourne had a tendency to be more
expensive, with the price for a flight on Saturday costing 70 dollars, more high-priced than
the most uneconomical day to fly from Melbourne to Sydney.
The charts describe the weight measurements of Charlestown citizens of five age ranges in
1955 and 2015. Units are measured in percentage. Overall, the portion of people with ideal
bodyweight in 1955 was higher than that in 2015. Noticeably, in 2015, it seemed the obesity
rate got higher with age, while there was no sign of this trend in 1955.

In 2015, the number of people of standard weight in Charlestown had a tendency to

decrease the older people got, while the figure for obese people saw an opposite trend.
There were 70% of people aged 20-29 who had fit measurements, while the eldest age
group only had under 5%. In contrast, the obese ratio was the lowest among the youngest
demographic, standing at around 6%, while 60% of the senior citizens were obese.
As for 1955, people of all ages were likely to be ideally weighed or underweight. The
proportion of inhabitants with ideal weight was the highest in the 20-29 age bracket,
reaching 70%, while that of the underweight category was the most prevalent in the 60-69
age group with over 40%. Remarkably, the two youngest age ranges saw little to no obesity.

(195 words)

Tutor’s sample:

The charts demonstrate the weight assessment for Charlestown residents between 1955 and
2015. Overall, the figures in 1955 showed a more consistent spread of the ideal weight
across all age groups. However, in 2015, as the citizens grew older, the likelihood of them
being obese also increased.

In 1955, most people were classified as having the optimal weight or being underweight.
Specifically, the 20-29-year-olds exhibited the fewest weight problems as roughly 70% of
them were fit and only 2% were overweight. There was no sign of obesity for this
group, and, in fact, this issue was only present among middle-aged adults and seniors,
affecting around 5-10% of them. As for individuals who are between 30 to 49 years old,
being overweight was a moderately prevalent problem as roughly 1/5 of them were
diagnosed with it.

The data in 2015 illustrates a stark contrast to that of 1955 as the portion of healthy
individuals was no longer evenly distributed but decreased with age. Meanwhile, the
opposite could be said for trends in obesity. Up to 70% of people in the youngest bracket
were healthy, while 60% of the oldest population were obese. In comparison to figures from
1955, excess weight had become more common among those from 30 to 49 years old as it
affected around 30% of them.

(218 words)
The bar charts illustrate the average house expenses in England and its capital city - London,
and present the comparison regarding the average house prices between distinct areas of
England within the year 2013.

The bar charts provide information about the average house prices in England and London in
1995 and 2013, as well as the average house prices among regions in England in the year
2013. In general, house expenses across the country experienced a sharp increase. Noticeably,
the housing costs in London are significantly higher than that in other areas.

Marked changes were recorded in the average prices for accommodation in England and
London in the two given years. The figure in England rose from 140,000 pounds in 1995 to
200,000 in 2013, while in the capital, this was already the starting price in 1995. Eight years
later, the standard costs in London doubled, standing at over 400,000 pounds.

In 2013, London was considered the most expensive place to own properties in England. The
South East and South West area took the second and third place, with the costs reaching
230,000 and 270,000 pounds respectively. Meanwhile, it only took half of the average price in
London to buy a house in the North West, and roughly a quarter of that for a place in the
Midlands or the North East. (188 words)

Annual average spending on clothes per person in the US in 1985, 1995 and 2005.
The given chart illustrates the average amount a US citizen spends yearly on clothes in 1985,
1995 and 2005. From an initial observation, the spending on women’s clothes is the highest
among all recorded categories. In addition, apart from men’s clothing, all items witnessed an
increase with time.

It can be seen that there was a clear upward trend in the budget for girls’ and women’s clothes.
An average American used to spend $100 a year on girls’ clothing in 1985, and the amount
gradually rose to $120 in 1995 and $160 in 2005. Meanwhile, for women’s garments, the
spending in 1985 and 1995 stood at roughly $500 and rocketed to around $650 a decade later.

On the other hand, such noticeable growth was not recorded in the data for boys’ and men’s
clothing. The expenses for boys’ clothing began at $100 in 1985 and only saw an inconsiderable
increase in 1995 and 2005. Meanwhile, the amount people used to spend on men’s clothing in
1985 was $300, a triple of that of boys’ clothes, and this figure peaked at about $450 in 1995
before dropping to $400 in 2005. (190 words)

Hours spent on housework in the UK

The chart describes the amount of time British people with different employment statuses spend
on housework in the years 1985, 1995 and 2005. Overall, unemployed women tended to spend
the most time doing chores, while it is the opposite for men with full-time jobs. Dramatic
changes in data were not recorded in the given duration.

It can be clearly seen that unemployed and employed part-time women are the two groups that
spent the most time on housework. The former spent 7 hours handling household tasks in 1985,
and this figure dipped slightly to 6.5 hours in 1995 before returning to the original amount of time
in 2005. The latter underwent a similar trend—beginning at 5.5 hours in 1985, decreasing
moderately to 5 hours in 1995 and rising to 6 hours a decade later.

On the other hand, men and women with full-time jobs spent significantly less on domestic work.
In 1985, a woman who work full-time used to spend 2 hours doing housework, while a man with
full-time employment only spent half of that amount on jobs in and around the house. Ten years
later, the figure for women declined to 1.5 hours, but that for men remained the same. The year
2005, noticeably, saw a rise, with women and men working full-time spending 2.5 and 1.5 hours
on housework, respectively. (187 words)
Tutor’s sample

The bar chart illustrates how much time it took people of different employment statuses in the
UK to do housework in the years 1985, 1995, and 2005. Overall, women can be seen to have
devoted considerably more time than men on chores. Dramatic changes were not recorded in
the given duration.

It can be seen that the hours that unemployed women spent on domestic work consistently
dominated the chart. This figure stood at 7 hours in 1985 and then declined modestly by half an
hour in 1995 before recovering in 2005. Similarly, the data for women with part-time jobs
underwent a similar trend as it started at 5.5 hours in 1985, dipped at 5 hours in 1995, then
climbed to 6 hours by the end of the period.

The groups with full-time employment evidently made significantly less time for chores.
Specifically, male adults in this only allocated 1 to 1.5 hours for this task. In comparison, the
figures for their female counterpart were higher but not by much, varying between 1.5 to 2.5
hours throughout the examined timeline.

(162 words)
Number of people in the UK eating more than 5 portions of vegetables and fish per day

The bar chart demonstrates the percentage of British people eating over 5 helpings of
vegetables and fish a day between 2011 and 2017. In general, the data for children saw
moderate variations, while who women and men, it grew over time. Additionally, it is clear that
the figure for women stayed the highest throughout the given time frame.

Regarding men and women, there was an upward trend in the number of people who made an
effort to eat healthily. From 2011 to 2013, the proportion of women who eat more than 5 shares
of vegetables and fish per day stood at 20%. As for men, the portion rose steadily from 17% in
2011 to 24% in 2015 before dipping slightly in 2016 and climbing back up to 26% in 2017.

Meanwhile, a similar rising trend was not recorded among British children. The figure for this
category began at a low of 10% in 2011, before fluctuating mildly, reaching a peak of 15% in the
year 2015 and 2017. Noticeable, the percentage of children who maintained a balanced diet
was significantly lower than that of men and women. (187 words)

The bar chart below shows employment figures in different tourism-related industries between
2009 and 2019
The chart depicts the total works, measured in thousands, in five tourism-related industries in
2009 and 2019. In general, there were more occupations in tourism than there were in 2009.
Markedly, most of the works were evenly distributed between sports, hotel and food.

In 2009, there were over 1 million works in the leisure industry. One third of the total
employment was in hotel and accommodation, making this the area with the most employees in
the 2009 tourism scene, providing 299 thousand job opportunities. Following that were sports
with 284 thousand and food with 283 thousand works. In contrast, travel and culture only
accounted for a small portion of the employment figure, accounting for 60 thousand and 82
thousand workers respectively.

As for 2019, the number of employment in tourism were 1.2 million, increased by 20% of the
number recorded in 2009. Food was the category with the most biggest workforce, constituting
357 thousand positions. Sports followed closely with 145 thousand, and hotel amounted to 306
thousand works. Jobs in travel and culture remained less common, despite the figure in travel
almost doubled since a decade ago, standing at 114 thousand. (191 words)
The graph below shows the percentage of households, grouped by poverty, on the basis of
access to refrigerator, electricity and water in Ghana for the year 1991/1992 to 1998/1999.

The graph illustrates the proportion of Ghanaian households with access to refrigerator,
electricity and water classified by poverty in the years 1991/1992 and 1998/1999. Overall, all
areas witnessed a stabilizing or declining trend, besides the nonpoor group. In addition, the
figure for fridge was significantly lower than that for electricity and water.

There was a rise in the number of nonpoor Ghanian families with access to basic necessities. In
the year 1991/1992, 73% of the nonpoor had electricity and 76% had water, and this portion
rose to 85% and 80% in 1998/1999, respectively. The figures for refrigerator were not as high,
beginning at 24% in 1991/1992 and grew to 37% by the end of the 20th century.

In contrast, the data for the very poor and poor group tended to remain the same or decline.
Only 3% of very poor households were able to afford refrigerators throughout the given duration,
and the figure in the poor group was 11% in 1991/1992 and 7% in 1998/1999. As for electricity,
48% of very poor and 57% of poor families had access in 1991/1992, and the percentage
dropped by roughly 10% in 1998/1999. The proportion in water were around 55% in the very
poor and 69% in the poor group, almost catching up with that of the nonpoor. (215 words)
The bar chart shows the number of people who visited different museums in London.

The chart describes the number of visitors to various museums in London between June and
October. Overall, August was the month with the most visitors. Noticeably, the British Museum
tended to have the most guests, while it was the opposite for the National Museum.

From an initial observation, the History Museum and the British Museum underwent some
dramatic changes in data. Both institutions greeted around 400,000 guests in June and July, but
in August, the number of visits to the former rose to 600,000, while that for the latter rocketed to
over 700,000. From then on, visitor counts declined gradually in both museums. The figure for
the British Museum finished at approximately 450,000 guests in October, while that for the
History Museum was 250,000, more than two times lower than the peak.

Meanwhile, the data for the National Museum and the Science Museum did not see such
significant shifts. The number of visitors to the Science Museum remained roughly 400,000
people in the first three months before peaking at 500,000 in September and then decreasing to
300,000 in October. The figure for the National Museum was around 200,000 people, with the
exception for August, which welcomed over 300,000 guests. (199 words)
The graph below shows information on employment rates across 6 countries in 1995 and 2005

The graph describes the rates of employemnt in six countries in 1995 and 2005. In general, the
employment rates had a tendency to rise with time for both genders. In addition, it is clear that
men are more likely to be hired than women in all countries.

In 1995, men’s levels of employment were 55% to 70%, while for women, the figures fluctuated
between 25% and 55%. Iceland was the country with the highest male workers percentage,
while Switzerland took the first place for female workers. Noticeably, despite having the highest
proportion of working women with 55%, the figure for the female workforce in Switzerland was
only as high as that for men in Australia and the UK, which was the two countries with the
lowest male employment rates.

A decade later, all items witnessed an upward trend. Iceland and Switzerland remained the
markets with the highest male and female employment rates, respectively, with the former
reaching over 80% and the latter standing at 70%. Notably, the female employment figure in
Switzerland was the same as the male equivalent in Australia, UK, New Zealand and Germany.
The increase in occupation rates among female varied around 10% to 15%, with the most
considerable growth belonged to New Zealand: rising from 25% in 1995 to over 40% in 2005.
(217 words)
The chart below shows the percentage of adults of different age in the UK who used the internet
everyday from 2003 to 2006.

The chart depicts the proportion of UK adults in various age groups who used the internet daily
between 2003 and 2006. Overall, the need to use the internet every day tended to decline with
age. Moreover, the figures witnessed an upward trend throughout the given time frame.

In 2003, 80% of British citizens aged 16-24 used the internet on a daily basis, while only half of
those in the 25-44 age group were online every day. This figure for those from 45 to 54 was
60%, two times higher than that for the 55-64 age group. Noticeably, there were little to no
people over 65 who accessed the internet daily.

As for the remaining years, the need to be online increased significantly among all age groups.
Almost every teenager and young adult in the UK were on the internet every day in 2005, and
this percentage fell to 90% a year later. The 25-44 and 45-54 age bracket underwent a similar
gradual growth with both group reaching 80% in 2006. Meanwhile, the figure for those aged 55-
64 stayed roughly 30% from 2003 to 2005 before rocketing to 50% in 2006, and the seniors saw
a slight growth from 18% in 2003 to 20% in the last year. (207 words)
The chart depicts the amount of money, measured in thousand pounds sterling, people from
four countries spent on various consumer goods. Overall, British people had the biggest budget
for all items, while that of Germans tended to be the lowest. In addition, personal stereos and
tennis racquets constituted for the smallest portion of the total spending.

It is clear that people were not likely to spend over 160 thousand pounds on personal stereos,
tennis racquets and perfumes. The biggest spender of these products were the British, with the
expenditure varying around 155 and 160 thousand pounds, whereas the figures for the French
stayed the lowest, standing at roughly 145 thousand. Meanwhile, that for Germans and Italians
were recorded at approximately 150 thousand pounds.

As for CDs, toys, and photographic films, UK people were willing to spend even more money,
with the budget stretching from 160 to 170 thousand pounds. These items were less anticipated
in Germany, as the total spending stayed consistently around 145 thousand pounds. Notably,
the French and Italian shared the same need for toys, with the amount of both countries
reaching nearly 160 thousand pounds. (238 words)
The chart illustrates the percentage of male and female executives in six different types of
profession across the UK in 2007

The chart depicts the proportion of British male and female professionals in six distinctive areas
in 2007. Overall, teaching was the most female-dominant field, while its male equivalent was
construction. In addition, journalism was the only profession that did not experience gender
imbalance.

It is evident that there was a significant workplace gender gap in teaching, construction, and
therapists. The female-to-male ratio among educators were 9 to 1, whereas among construction
executives, it was 1 to 9. In the meantime, men accounted for nearly 20% of the therapists’
workforce, while the figure for women reached over 80%.

On the other hand, such notable differences in gender were not documented in advertising,
journalism, scientists, and law. Male employment was higher among scientists and lawyers, as
men respectively took up 60% and 55% of the managing positions. In opposite, advertising
provided more executive opportunities for female with 55% of the total figure being allocated to
women. As for journalism, both genders shared an equal amount of leading jobs. (167 words)
The bar chart gives the top eight online activities in Slovakia in a given month

The chart gives data on the most common activities on the internet by adult Slovakian users in
July. Overall, emailing was the most popular task, while it was the opposite for job hunting.
Additionally, a sizable gap between genders was not recorded in all items besides health
research.

It is clear that most adults in Slovakia find using email, texting, social networking, and internet
banking essential, as the percentages for these activities were significantly higher in both
genders. Over 80% of men used the internet for sending emails and texts, while the figure for
women was respectively 90% and 85%. Social media and internet banking were enjoyed by
almost 80% of women, but the former only managed to reach 68% of male users, and the data
for the latter stood at 72%.

On the other hand, not as many adults used the web for music and videos streaming, job
hunting, health research, and education. Around 50% of male and female adults were recorded
streaming online contents, and only under 20% of them used the internet to study or search for
occupations. Noticeably, over 60% of Slovakian women were invested in health research, while
the proportion of men was twice as low. (201 words)
The table and pie chart give information about the population in Australia according to different
nationalities and areas

The table and pie chart demonstrate the population in Australia based on nationalities and
residencies. It is apparent that the country was mostly occupied by Australians. Noticeably,
living in the city was the most common among Chinese, while the Australians had the most
sizable portion of countryside inhabitants.

It can be seen from the data that Autraslians accounted for three-fourths of the population, while
the foreigners took up the remaining quarter. 73% of the residents were originally from Australia,
ten times higher than the number of those from the UK. The New Zealanders, Chinese, and
Dutch were marginal communities, respectively comprising a humble proportion of 3%, 2%, and
1%. In the meantime, people from other countries constituted 14% of the total population.

Regardless of nationalities, most people in Australia decided to live in the city. 99% of Chinese
people resided in the urban areas, the highest among all nationalities. This was followed by the
New Zealanders and the British, with the figures reaching 90% for the former and 89% for the
latter. Meanwhile, the big towns only attracted 83% of the Dutch and 80% of the Australians.
(187 words)
The chart below shows the average hours spent per day in leisure and sports activities, by
youngest and oldest polulations, in the US, in 2015

The chart illustratres the average time per day American teenagers and seniors allocated to
leisure and sports activities in 2015. Overall, watching TV is the most common pastime for both
the younger and older generation. In addition, all categories witnessed a significant gap
between the time spent by both groups, apart from socializing.

It is evident that young people tended to enjoy interactive activities such as socializing, playing
games, and exercising more than the elders. American aged 15-to-19 spent 1.1 hours on
computer games daily, twice higher than the figure for seniors. 0.6 hours would be used on
sports by teens, while seniors would only devote 0.2 hours. Noticeably, the two age brackets
had a similar need for communicating, specifically 0.8 hours for the teenagers and 0.7 hours for
the elderly.

Meanwhile, people aged over 75 regularly preferred activities to loosen up. 4.5 hours of their
daily schedules were dedicated to watching TV, while younger people would only need half of
that. This age group would spend 1 hour on reading and 0.6 hours on thinking, whereas for
teens, the figures were 0.2 hours and 0.1 hours, respectively. (189 words)
The pie and bar charts below show the percentage of water consumption and use in Australia in
2004

The charts depict the proportion of water usage in Australia in 2004. Overall, a sizeable portion
of the water was to serve residential purposes. Also, a vast majority of the domestic water was
used for the bathrooms and the gardens.

It is evident that households consumed two-thirds of the water amount, the most among all
sectors, with 50% being distributed to houses and 20% being used in apartments. This was
followed by industrial and business premises, taking up 11% and 10% of the total consumption,
respectively. Government institutions utilized 6% of the water, and 3% was allocated to other
establishments.

In residential buildings, the level of water usage for gardens and bathrooms accounted for more
than half the total amount, specifically 28% for the former and 27% for the latter. 20% of the
water was used on washing clothes, two times higher than the figure for the kitchens.
Meanwhile, the toilets used up 15% of the water in Australian homes. (160 words)
The chart below shows average hours and minutes spent by UK males and females on different
daily activities

The chart gives information on the average time British men and women spent on various daily
tasks. From the data, it is clear that both genders needed the most time for sleeping. In addition,
the time males and females spent on most of the recorded activities were highly similar.

Both men and women had a tendency to distribute a significant amount of time on essential
activities, specifically over 8 hours a day for sleeping and 1.5 hours for eating and drinking.
Meanwhile, the total time men spent on leisure was about 5.5 hours, half an hour longer than
that of women. Noticeably, men preferred to watch TV/DVD and listen to radio/music, as nearly
3 hours of their daily schedule were allocated to this activity, while women only needed about
2.5 hours.

In the meantime, a gap between genders were documented in certain tasks. Employment and
study would take up over 3.5 hours of a man’s timetable, while for women, the time would be 1
hour shorter. British women would devote 3 hours to housework on average, twice higher than
men’s figure. Likewise, women took 30 minutes to do childcare-related duties, whereas for men,
it would be 15 minutes. (198 words)
The bar charts show education data related to young adults aged 15 years in 10 different
countries in 2015

The charts describes the countries where 15-year-olds spent the most time weekly doing
homework and the nations whose scores recorded in an international science test were the
highest in the year 2015. Overall, Italian students devoted the most time to homework, while
those in Finland spent the least. Noticeably, this Northern Europe country had the best test
result.

From the data, it can be seen that Finnish and Korean teens had the lowest homework hours,
needing just under 3 hours per week, while students in Italy had to spend nearly thrice as much
time to finish schoolwork, specifically 8.6 hours. 7.2 hours were required for Irish teenagers to
do assignments, the second highest among all countries, and this was followed by Poland with
6.5 hours. The homework time in the remaining countries varied from 4.3 to 6.1 hours.

As for the scores for the international science test, pupils from Finland took the first place with
568 points, 50 points higher than the lowest ranked countries, namely the Netherlands with 518
points and the US with 516 points. Hong Kong came in second with 543 points, and the results
for the other countries fluctuated around 526 and 534 points. (198 words)
The table shows the proportions of pupils attending four secondary school types between 2000 and
2009

The table gives information on the percentage of students attending four types of secondary school
from 2000 and 2009. In general, apart from community schools, all areas witnessed a downward trend.
Additionally, the figures for specialist schools tended to remain the lowest.

For specialist schools and grammar schools, mild swings in data were recorded throughout the given
duration. In 2000, specialist schools accounted for 12% of the total attendance, two times lower than
the figure for grammar schools. From then on, the specialist schools group saw little to no change,
stabilizing at 10% in 2009, while the proportion of grammar schools underwent a decline , finishing at
12% in 2009.

On the other hand, voluntary-controlled schools and community schools experienced more dramatic
shifts. 58% of secondary school students went to voluntary-controlled schools in 2000, making this the
most commonly-attended type of school, while community schools were the least popular option with
only 12% of pupils. Noticeably, the two groups saw contrasting changes in the later years. While the
proportion of voluntary-controlled schools plunged to 20% in 2009, that of community schools rocketed
to 32% in 2005 and 58% in 2009, becoming the most popular choice for secondary school students. (198
words)
Ther table below presents the food consumption per person weekly in a European country in 1992, 2002
and 2012.

The table describes the amount of food, measured in grams, a citizen in a European country consumed
weekly in the years 1992, 2002 and 2012. In general, all categories tended to increase besides meat.
Noticeably, the numbers of vegetables were the highest throughout the given duration, whereas those
of cheese remained the lowest.

It can be seen from the data that the amount of vegetables, beans, and cheese eaten experienced mild
growths through time. Vegetables were consistently the most popular food choice, accounting for 2140
grams of the standard diet in 1992 and gradually rose to 2220 grams in 20 years’ time. A similar trend
was recorded in the bean consumption, with the figure climbing from 532 grams in 1992 to 590 grams in
2012. As for cheese, 113 grams were used in the weekly meals in 1992, and the amount went up slightly
to 125 grams two decades later.

More erratic shifts were reported in the figures for meat and wheat. A person used to eat 1148 grams of
meat every week in 1992, and this amount peaked at 1211 grams in 2002 before dropping to 1132
grams 10 years later. Meanwhile, wheat underwent a constant rise, beginning at 837 grams in 1992 and
finishing at 977 grams in 2012. (212 words)
The table below gives information about the values (NZ$) of exports of kiwi fruit from New Zealand to
five countries between 2010 and 2012.

The table describes the profits, measured in NZ dollars, of kiwi exports from New Zealand to five nations
from 2010 to 2012. In general, Japan was consistently the biggest kiwi import market. Notably, the
figures for Japan, China, and Russia tended to grow, while it was the opposite for the remaining
countries.

It is evident that the two Asian nations accounted for a vast majority of New Zealand kiwi exports. In
2010, the export profit to China was $74 million dollars, while that to Japan was about three times
higher, standing at $271 million. In two years’ time, the values underwent a stable rise to $94 million
and $325 million dollars, respectively. Russia, whose figures were significantly lower than the
abovementioned markets, also sharply increased from under $1 million dollars in 2010 to $2.4 million in
2012.

On the other hand, a decline in data was recorded in Mexico and Saudi Arabia. The trade value in
Mexico was assessed at $6 million dollars in 2010, before dipping to $2.4 million in 2011 and climbing to
$3.3 million a year later. Meanwhile, the figure in Saudi Arabia plummeted from $290 thousand dollars
in 2010 to $82 thousand in 2012. (198 words)
The percentage of people using various mobile phone features

The table describes the proportion of people making use of different functions on the phone in the years
2006, 2008, and 2010. In general, most items witnessed an upward trend. Noticeably, making calls was
the most prevalent use throughout the examined timeline.

Calling was proven to be the most essential feature, with the utilizing rate among phone owners
remaining around 100% from 2006 to 2010. A gradual rise in figure was documented in traditional
features such as texting and taking photos, with the former rising from 66% in 2006 to 76% in 2010, and
the latter increasing lightly from 73% in 2006 to 79% in 4 years’ time.

Meanwhile, dramatic changes were observed among recreational functions. The playing games category
saw a stable increase, starting at 17% in 2006 and finishing at 41% in 2010, and playing music underwent
a matching shift as the figure began at 12% in 2006 and doubled 4 years later. As for using the internet
and taking videos, no data was recorded in the year 2006, but the numbers later experienced a rapid
increase. 41% of people used cellphones to surf the web in 2008, and the proportion rose to 73% in
2010. Likewise, only 9% of people used phones to record videos in 2008, but this figure was four times
higher in 2010. (219 words)
The table below shows the production of cacao beans in six regions between 1992 and 1998.

The table describes cacao beans production, measured in tons, in six areas from 1992 to 1998. Overall,
all regionsbut Asia and Oceania experienced fluctuations. Noticeably, Asia and South America were
constantly the markets with the highest output.

A tendency to rise was documented in the data of Asia, Oceania, and South America. 119,000 tons of
beans were manufactured in Asia in 1992, and this figure grew stably to 234,000 tons in 1996 and
436,000 tons in 1998. Oceania underwent a similar increase as the beans production began at 40,000
tons in 1992 and doubled in 6 years’ time. As for South America, the output stood at 143,000 tons in
1992 before dipping slightly in 1996 and then increased rapidly to 389,000 tons in 1998.

Meanwhile, the figures for North and Central America, Africa, and England saw more erratic shifts. The
production in North and Central America started at 46,000 tons in 1992, declined by a half in 1994
before recovering in 1998. South Africa harvest the least cacao beans with 29,000 tons in 1992, but this
amount rocketed to 119,000 tons four years later, making this continent the third biggest market in
1996 before plunging to 25,000 tons in 1998. England’s production commenced at 56,000 tons in 1992,
fluctuated slightly and finished at 49,000 tons in 1998. (218 words)
The table below shows the number of visitors in the UK and their average spending from 2003 to 2008.

The table demonstrates the visitor counts in the UK and their spending between 2003 and 2008. In
general, all areas witnessed an upward trend besides average nights per visit. Notably, the year 2003
welcomed the least guests and collected the lowest amount of travel expenses.

While the number of tourists in the UK saw a growth, there was an opposite shift in the average length
of their stays. 24.7 million visits were documented in 2003, and this number gradually rose to 32.7
million in 2007, before dipping slightly to 31.8 million a year later. On the other hand, visitors used to
spend averagely 8.2 nights in the UK in 2003, but this number decreased to 7.7 nights in the final years
of the given duration.

Meanwhile, the travel budget of UK tourists underwent a steady increase. The total spending started at
11.8 billion pounds in 2003 and reached over 16 billion in 4 years’ time, before seeing a minor decline in
2007 and recovering in 2008. An average visitor used to spend 476 pound during their time in the UK
and this amount remained stable for the next 4 years, before peaking at over 500 pounds in 2008. (198
words)
Change of primary funding sources of international students in the US, 2003/04 - 2013/14

The table provides information on the shift of main financial sources of foreign students in the US in the
years 2003/04 and 2013/14. In general, all areas but other sources witnessed an upward trend.
Noticeably, a vast majority of the primary budget came from non-US students themselves and their
families.

It is evident that personal and family and US educational institutions were the most dominant
categories, respectively accounting for 67% and 23% of the total sum in 2003/04. A decade later, the
proportion of self-funded students experienced a decrease, standing at 65%, even though the quantity
of students grew by 49%. Likewise, the number of those who received financial aid from US college or
university rose by 28%, but the total portion dropped to 19%.

As for international students with help from foreign governments or universities, the figures rocketed
from over 10,000 students each in 2003/04 to 66,000 for the former and nearly 50,000 for the latter in
2013/14, making these the categories with the most significant changes in data, reaching over 380%. In
contrast, a decline was documented in the number of students with other types of sponsors, with the
percentage dropping from 5% in 2003/04 to 3% in ten years’ time. (203 words)
The table below shows the salaries of secondary/high school teachers in 2009.

The table gives information on the wages of secondary and high school teachers in five nations in the
year 2009. It is apparent that Luxembourg was the highest-paying country for educators. Notably, it
tended to take longer to reach the maximum salary in the two Asian countries.

In Australia and Denmark, only 10 years of teaching experience are needed for teachers to get to the
highest pay, specifically 9 years for the former and 8 years for the latter. However, these are the two
countries where teachers received the lowest earnings, as the starting salaries stood at 28,000 and
45,000 dollars, respectively. After reaching the top level of income, teachers in Australia would be paid
48,000 dollars, twice higher than their initial wage, while Danish educators would earn 54,000 dollars.

On the other hand, over 30 years of expertise would be required for teachers in Luxembourg, Japan, and
Korea to maximize their earnings. The salary in Luxembourg started at 80,000 dollars, the highest among
all countries, and it would rise by 1.5 times after 15 years before finishing at 132,000 dollars in 30 years’
time. As for Japan and Korea, new teachers were paid around 30,000 dollars, but the time required to
receive the highest compensation were significantly higher than the remaining countries. At most,
teachers in Japan would receive 86,000 dollars after 37 years, and those in Korea would be paid 62,000
dollars after 34 years. (238 words)
The pie chart below shows the native languages spoken by students at Bakersfield Senior College in two
separate years.

The pie charts depict the mother tongues (Urdu, Chinese, English, and other languages) of students
attending Bakersfield Senior College in 1980 and 1990. It is evident that English was the most popular
native language of students at this institution. Noticeably, this was the only item whose proportion
witnessed a decline.

In 1980, over two-thirds of the students spoke English as their native tongue, with its figure standing at
70%. Native Urdu speakers comprised half of the rest of the student body with 15%, and there were only
9% of students at Bakersfield Senior College whose first language was Chinese. People with different
mother tongues made up a humble portion of 6% of the student population of the school.

A decade later, a notable shift was documented in the data of English and Urdu. The number of native
English speaker decreased to 55%, while Urdu’s proportion doubled, accounting for 28% of the total
students. Meanwhile, the figure for Chinese rose modestly to 11%, and that for other languages
remained unchanged. (169 words)
The pie charts indicate changes in the proportions of energy produced in a country from 1983 to 2003.

The charts describe the transformation in energy production percentage of an unknown nation in the
years 1983 and 2003. It is apparent that hydropower only made up a marginal portion of the total
production. In addition, notable shifts were documented in the data of coal and natural gas, while other
areas witnessed little to no change.

In 1983, oil was the most prevalent energy type, accounting for 42% of the total power production. This
was followed by coal and nuclear power at 23% and 20%, respectively. Natural gas comprised a modest
proportion of 11%, and hydropower took up only 4%, a tenth of the figure for oil.

Two decades later, the biggest and smallest items remained unchanged, with the amount of oil
produced declining slightly to 38% and that of hydropower being kept at 4%. However, the figure for
nuclear power climbed to 24%, making this the category with the second biggest production. Natural gas
came close behind at 21%, and the portion of coal declined by 10%, finishing at 13%. (171 words)
The pie charts below show the comparison of different kinds of energy production in France in 2 years.

The charts depict the differences between types of energy production in France in the years 1995 and
2005. Units are measured in percentage.

In general, coal and gas made up a vast majority of the total power production. Noticeably, the figures
for these two categories tended to stay stable, while it was not the case for the remaining items.

In 1995, coal, gas, and petro each took up about one-third of the gross output, standing at 29.80%,
29.63%, and 29.27%, respectively. Nuclear constituted a modest figure of 6.40%, and this was followed
by other sorts of energy with 4.90%.

Ten years later, coal and gas saw a mild rise in proportion, with the former reaching 30.93% and the
latter standing at 30.31%. Meanwhile, petro witnessed a sharp decrease, hitting a low of 19.55%. The
two power kinds with the lowest portion did not experience a similar trend, as nuclear grew to 10.10%
and other sources climbing to 9.10%. (158 words)
The charts below show the proportion of people’s total spending in a particular European country spent
on different commodities and services in 1958 and 2008.

The charts give information on the budget, measured in percentage, people from a European country
spent on various services in 1958 and 2008. In general, food tended to be the most spent on area in
1958, while in the 21st century, it was housing. In addition, it can be observed from the data that there
was a dramatic shift in the ranking of the studied categories.

In 1958, about one-third of a person’s allowance went to food, with the proportion reaching 32%. This
was followed by housing and clothing at 22% and 18%, respectively. Entertainment accounted for 13%
of the total spending, and travel and transport expense was four times lower than the figure for food.
Luxury goods were not a priority back then as only 7% of the resources went to such items.

Half a century later, housing was proven to be the biggest concern, taking responsibility for 32% of the
budget. Luxury goods as well as travel and transport rocketed to the second place, both composing 17%
of the total spending. Clothing followed closely behind at 16%, and food experienced a notable drop to
12%. Entertainment became the service with the lowest need, with its figure standing at 6%. (201
words)
The charts below show the percentage of secondary school students at a school in the UK taking
different subjects in 1995 and this year.

The charts depict the proportion of secondary school students in a British school taking various classes in
1995 and this year. From the data, it is evident that a significant shift happened in the curriculum
structure. Noticeably, the percentage of history, geography, and business remained stable.

In 1995, history was the most popular option, accounting for over a quarter of the total student
population. The second most common subject was geography at 21%, and this was followed by business
at 16% and art at 15%. Fewer students decided to do drama and religious studies as the figures for these
classes were 12% for the former and 9% for the latter.

This year, drama and religious studies are replaced by IT, but instead of being an uncommon choice, this
is now the most anticipated subject with 27% of the students taking this class. The portion of history,
geography, and business stayed stable, standing at 25%, 23%, and 16%, respectively. Art became the
least picked class, making up only 8% of the total figure. (172 words)
The pie chart below shows the percentage of ad spending by different kinds of media in India from 2012
to 2017.

The charts demonstrate the proportion of advertising expenses by various media types in India in 2012
and 2017. It is apparent that the budget for TV ads was the most generous, whereas that for cinema
promotions was the lowest. No erratic changes in data were documented throughout the given
duration.

In 2012, a vast majority of the budget went to TV and print, as these two categories accounted for four-
fifths of the total spending. TV ads was the most spent on item, reaching 43%, and print took the second
place with 38%. This was followed by radio, digital, and outdoor exposures, standing at 7%, 6%, and 5%,
respectively. Cinema ads only accounted for 1% of the sum.

Five years later, TV and print remained the most spent on options, with 45% of the total resources going
to the former and 30% being used on the latter. Digital promotions became the third common choice as
its portion grew to 15%. The figures for outdoor and cinema ads stayed unchanged, while the spending
for radio shrinked to 4%. (176 words)
The charts below give information on the ages of the populations of Yemen and Italy in 2000 and
projections for 2050.

The charts illustrate the ages of Yemeni and Italian citizens in 2000, as well as predictions for 2050. In
general, the proportion of children would be higher in Yemen, while seniors would be more dominant in
Italy. Notably, both countries are expected to see a decline in children’s percentage.

In 2000, half of Yemen’s population belonged to the 0-14-years-old group. Teens and adults accounted
for 46.3% of the total figure, and there were just 3.6% of elders nationwide. Meanwhile, only 14.3% of
Italians were children, and the portion of seniors in Italy was six times higher than that in Yemen, hitting
24.1%. Meanwhile, 61.6% of the Italian population were in the 15-59 age bracket.

Significant changes are projected in the data for 2050. Yemen is predicted to experience a fall in the
proportion of children, standing at 37.0%, while the 15-59 group is forecasted to rise to 57.3%. It is likely
that 5.7% of Yemeni would be classified as elders in 2050. In the meantime, there would be 11.5% of
Italians sorted into the children category, as the figures for the 15-59 and over-60 groups are anticipated
to stand at 46.2% and 42.3%, respectively. (194 words)
The pie charts below show units of electricity production by fuel sources in Australia and France in 1980
and 2000.

The charts describes the electricity units produced by different fuel sources in Australia and France in
1980 and 2000. In general, total production saw an upward trend in both countries. Noticeably, coal was
constantly the most productive fuel source in Australia, while nuclear power was the preferred option in
France.

In 1980, 100 units of power were generated in Australia, and the figure for France was 90 units. Half of
Australia’s production came from coal, and this was followed by natural gas and hydro power, both
comprised 20 units each, and the remaining 10 units were made using oil. Meanwhile, in France, coal
and natural gas contributed 25 units each, and oil’s production was two times higher than that of
Australia. Nuclear and hydro power were less fruitful choices, making up 15 and 5 units, respectively.

Two decades later, the gross production of Australia rose to 170 units, 130 of which derived from coal.
Hydro power composed 36 units, while oil and natural gas added 2 units individually. On the other hand,
the French heavily relied on nuclear power as this fuel source constituted 126 out of the total of 180
units. Coal and oil each accounted for 25 units, and the remaining 4 units were split evenly between
natural gas and hydro power. (214 words)
The pie charts below show exports from various EU countries to India and China in 2000 and 2011

The charts give information on the exports from EU nations to India and China in the year 2000 and
2011. Overall, notable shifts in data were not recorded in small markets, while it was the opposite for
more dominant ones. Additionally, Germany was constantly a top export country to both China and
India.

In 2000, the UK was the biggest exporter to India as 29% of goods derived from this country, two times
higher than the portion of Germany. Belgium was the second most prevalent market, making up a
quarter of the export. On the other hand, niche markets such as Austria, Sweden, Spain, and Finland did
not account for over 10% in total. As for China, Germany was the greatest trader, comprising 38% of the
total goods. This was followed by France at 13%, and just like in India, the figures of Austria and Spain
were not significant.

Over a decade later, Germany became the top partner in both countries, constituting one-fourth of the
total exports toIndia and nearly half of that to China. Noticeably, the UK was surpassed by Belgium in
India, as the figure for latter reached 20%. Meanwhile, the portion of the minor markets remained
unchanged, staying around 2% each. (205 words)
The table gives information about the temperature and hours of daylight during the same weekend in
two cities in May 2007

The tables describe the temperature and daylight hours during the same weekend in Mumbai and
Moscow in May 2007. It can be seen that the data of all categories stayed stable, apart from the
temperature in Moscow. Noticeably, although it was colder, Moscow experienced significantly longer
hours of daylight.

The weather in Dubai stayed consistent throughout the given duration. A temperature difference of 15
degrees was recorded in the city of Mumbai, with the highest temperature reaching over 33 degrees,
and the lowest stood at 15 degrees. The sun appeared at 6 in the morning, and the daylight hours ended
at over 7PM.

As for Moscow, daytime remained the same during the weekend, whereas fluctuations were recorded in
the temperature. The temperature difference varied from 11 to 13 degrees, with the weather being the
hottest at 17 degrees and coldest at 2 degrees. The dawn began at 5:20AM, and the daytime only
concluded at 10 at night. (157 words)
The maps depict the transformation of a student common room between 5 years ago and now. Overall,
the room experienced a thorough reconstruction. Noticeably, a new recreational area has been put
together.

5 years ago, four tables surrounded by six chairs were positioned evenly in the middle of the room.
Nowadays, two groups of tables were removed to make way for a long rectangular table with 8 chairs
placed in the top left corner. In the top corner of the room, there was a row of amenities, most of which
remained unchanged, apart from a bench, which has now been replaced by a new microwave.

This year, a new area for relaxing was added to the original design in the bottom right corner. A row of
laptop benches is situated at the bottom of the room, and to the right of it, a television and a set of
armchairs have been placed. A new drinks machine has been introduced into the space, sitting at the
upper right side of the room. (171 words)
The maps describe the transformation of a university sports court between 1990 and now. It is evident
that the place underwent a thorough renovation. Noticeably, a new indoor area was constructed.

In 1990, there was a park in the top left corner of the court, and at the bottom of it was a parking space.
Nowadays, these two facilities were flattened out to make room for a new basketball court on the upper
left side. In the past, a tennis court with two fields were placed in the bottom right corner, and this is
now replaced by a bigger tennis court where the number of fields doubled.

The most significant difference between the two designs is the new indoor space built on the eastern
side of the sports court. In 1990, a small cafe was placed next to the reception table, and right next to
that was a big outdoor pool. A changing room was at the left angle perpendicular to the reception. Now,
these were all integrated into the indoor space, with the changing room being shifted to the far right. In
addition, a fitness centre was introduced into the area, positioned at the bottom right corner. (198
words)
The maps illustrate the modifications made to Pebbleton island between 20 years ago and now. Overall,
several new facilities were built on the island. Noticeably, the eastern and southern sides of the maps
stayed untouched.

A film studio used to be located on the bottom left side of the island 20 years ago, before it was
flattened to make room for a building of flats. To the right of this architecture, a new footpath has been
constructed, connecting the island and the coast road by a footbridge. In addition, the old fort next to
the lighthouse has been replaced by a children’s playground.

The left side of the lighthouse lane used to be empty, but now, new tennis courts occupied the area. A
community center has been introduced into the island, sitting between the playground and the tennis
courts. To the northern side of the island, a row of houses was erected. Notably, the number of houses
now doubled compared to 20 years ago. (163 words)
The picture describes the transformation of the conference centre between 2010 and 2025. In general,
the layout is expected to undergo a major changes. Notably, various new rooms will be introduced into
the space.

In 2010, the conference centre consisted of two separated rooms on the upper left corner, a small hall
next to the room on top, and a reception below it. This area will remain mostly untouched in 2025.
There used to be two gardens located in the bottom left and to the right of the space, with a wide-
stretched parking area positioned between them. In fifteen years’ time, the garden on the right will have
been flattened, and the new parking space, then smaller in size, will take its place. Noticeably, the
original hall will be expanded, and a resident hall with 20 rooms will be erected next to it, perpendicular
to the new car park.

Additionally, the southern side of the space is anticipated to welcome many new facilities. An IT centre
will be constructed in the bottom left-hand corner, next to a canteen and a kitchen, as well as two
meeting rooms in equal size. Facing them will be a game room and a music room, with the former being
on top of the latter, and they will be situated right beside the car park. (220 words)
The diagrams depict the changes made to a school site between 2004 and 2024. Overall, several shifts
will be made to the layout. As the number of students increase, new facilities will be added to the space.

In 2004, there used to be a car park on the upper left corner of the school site, sitting beside the main
entrance. Through a path, this gateway was connected to a wide sport field located on the north-
eastern side of the place. Twenty years later, this car park will stay untouched, and a second parking
space will be constructed on the right of the area, taking the place of the field. These two car parks will
be connected by a new road, and the field, which will then be contracted and reshaped, will be
relocated to the south of the new car park.

Noticeably, in 2024, a new school building to the left of the second car park will join the original two
buildings, specifically the first one next to the main entrance, and the second one underneath the path.
These two buildings will be bridged together, and the original path will then join the two linked buildings
and the new one. In addition, the tree areas will remain unchanged in quantities, with the one on the
upper right side of the school being moved to the middle of the buildings. (229 words)
The diagrams present the adjustments made on a museum and its surrounding area between 1990 and
2010. It is evident that the layout went through significant changes. Notably, new spaces were added to
the original design.

In 1990, there was a group of facilities on the west end of the place, with the entrance located on the
upper right side and a store room on the top left corner. While this remained unchanged in 2010, the
two separated rooms next to the entrance were merged into a single room. Sitting below the entrance
way were two rooms perpendicular to each other and a small shop to the right of them, and twenty
years later, a room was knocked down to make space for the newly expanded shop. In addition, the
whole area was collectively widened.

There used to be a cottage in the bottom left corner of the museum in 1990, but it was later replaced by
a more spacious cafe. In the middle of the site, there was a long path connecting the garden at the top
and the main road at the bottom, and while the path was reshaped to be narrower, this structure overall
stayed untouched. The eastern area used to be splitted into a car park and a garden, but in 2010, the
garden was flattened as the parking space occupied the whole area. (228 words)
The maps describe the transformation of an art centre between 2010 and now. It is clear that the
establishment has experienced a complete reconstruction. While no new amenities have been added,
the original spaces were thoroughly renovated.

In 2010, there was a route at the top of the map, connecting the left and right end of the centre. Today,
a new branch has been constructed on the right corner to link it to a group of facilities. An open air car
park was situated beneath the route, and while there was no repositioning, it has now been converted
into a slightly smaller multipurpose parking space. A spacious cinema used to sit at the right of the area,
but nowadays, it has been split into three screens uneven in size and relocated to the southern side of
the centre.

Under the car park, there used to be a 200-seat theatre with a cafe attached to the bottom right corner
of it. Now, the capacity has increased to 300 seats. The art galleries in 1990 were separated and placed
in the south-eastern side of the centre, before being reformed into an united gallery and placed next to
the theater. The cafe has now been redeveloped into a long-strip shaped space, stretching along the
combined width of the theatre and the art gallery. (220 words)
The maps depict the transformation of a performing center between the years 2010 and 2012. From an
initial observation, the center became larger in size. Additionally, several adjustments were made to the
layout.

In 2010, a storage was located on the top left side of the center, next to the media room and the stage.
Two years later, the storage was shifted to the right side to make space for the new media room with a
small shower room attached to it. Media’s original spot was substituted by a narrow hall, and the stage
was expanded. The auditorium remained unchanged in location and capacity.

The entrance area used to be occupied by a cafe on the right side and two offices on the left in 2010. In
2012, the cafe was removed to make room for the ticket office, and the admin office was reshaped and
relocated to the upper left corner of the area. Facing the admin office was two restaurants, sitting at the
bottom left corner. Noticeably, this whole area was widened. (174 words)
The diagrams illustrate the adjustments on a student accommodation between 2010 and today. Overall,
the layout underwent several changes. It is evident that new facilities have been introduced into the
area.

In 2010, there used to be two separated garden areas at the top of the map. Nowadays, the one on the
far left was flattened to make space for a new student bedroom. The living room, which was once
located next to the aforementioned garden, has now been renovated into a bedroom. Noticeably, this
new bedroom is directly linked to the one on the right-hand side of it. Perpendicular to this row of
facilities was a kitchen, and now a social area has been merged into this space.

To the left side of the student bedroom situated at the bottom right corner, an en-suite room has been
newly erected. A third garden used to sit at the southern end of the living area in 2010, but today, it has
been cut down to make room for a car park. Meanwhile, the student bedroom and bathroom in the
middle as well as the entrance and hallway has been kept unchanged. (190 words)
The maps show a road system as it is now and the proposed changes in future to reduce the number of
accidents

The maps describe the transformation of a road system between now and the future in order to
decrease accident cases. It is clear that the area is anticipated to experience a thorough renovation, with
a roundabout and traffic lights being erected.

On the top left corner, accidents are frequently recorded in the intersection between the school and the
residential area. As a result, this crossroad is being suggested to be put under control with traffic lights.
Collisions are also documented in the narrow spot where the Low Lane and the Forest Road meet at the
southern side of the map, and in the future, this curved turning point is expected to be widened.

Another hotspot of road accidents is the Forest Road and City Road junction in the middle region, and in
the proposal for the new road system, a roundabout is being added to maintain an orderly traffic flow.
Crashes are also a constant worry in the area where the supermarket entrance cuts the City Road, which
explains why the idea of directly linking the roundabout and the supermarket is being presented.
Noticeably, while the City Road is currently crooked in the middle, it is being planned to be straightened
in the future. (204 words)
The diagram describes the process of creating ceramic pots. It can be observed that there are nine main
steps involved, from collecting raw materials to decorating and finalizing the pots.

The process commences with searching for resources from under the ground, and then they are
gathered and brought back to the manufactory. Subsequent to that, the raw materials are thoroughly
crushed using specialized machines before being blended with liquid, thus creating a soft mixture.
Ensuing this, the dough-like composition is poured into moulds to be shaped into exquisite pots.

Having been left to dry for 4-6 hours, the clay pots are then hardened and available to collect.
Consecutively, they are stored in an oven of 1000 degrees celsius to reach full solidity, and after that,
they are ready to be embellished. The colored pots are put back into the oven for a step called color
firing, and the manufacturing process concludes with collecting the decorated ceramic pots. (157 words)
The diagrams illustrate the transformation of the cutting tool created by mankind between 1.4 million
years ago and 0.8 million years ago. It is evident that the tool expanded moderately in size, and it also
experienced a shaping process.

The initial cutting equipment was about 8 centimeters long, while the later version reached
approximately 10 centimeters in length. At the same time, the tool became wider in the middle, as it can
be observed from the front and back view. Additionally, it became slimmer in the side view, and the
edges were visibly smoothened compared to the original version.

While tool A had an unprocessed look, resembling a piece of raw material, tool B had a well-defined,
waterdrop-like shape. The tool was made for cutting, and as a result, it came with a sharp and small tip
on top and a wider bottom part. 1.4 million years ago, this design appeared natural, unfinished even, but
after 0.6 million years, it came out with a clear-cut shape, possessing a pointed triangular tip and a semi-
circle bottom. (179 words)
The diagram gives information on the repetitious life cycle of a frog. It can be observed that around 10
key stages are involved, from the eggs being laid to a frog reaching full maturity.

The first step describes the adult frog laying a cluster of small, rounded eggs, in which embryos go into
an evolving phase and later hatch into tadpoles. These larvae attach themselves to water-plants, and
ensuing this, a process of growing external gills for breathing purpose is activated. Consecutively, the tail
continues to develop before the hindlegs begin to appear.

Noticeably, baby frogs are able to reserve food in their tails, and this is how they nurture themselves
and survive until the front legs are revealed. Subsequent to that, their tails gradually shorten and their
skin turns greener, and as the fetus grows into a young frog, its tail become no longer visible. The
processr concludes with the adult frog becoming completely developed and ready to lay a batch of eggs
to repeat the cycle. (168 words)
The diagram depicts the evolution of the horse, especially the structure of its foot. It is apparent that
horses have become larger through time, and the shape of their feet has experienced major changes.

The eohippus, which was discovered 40 million years ago, was the first and smallest horse with a
moderate height, short neck, and small face. Its feet has four even-sized slim toes with the two in the
middle being slightly longer. Ten million years later marked the appearance of the Mesohippus, which
compared to its predecessor, was taller and had a longer neck and wider bottom part. The foot was
dramatically restructured, having only three toes left, with the middle one being evidently bigger and
twice as long as the remaining two.

15 million years after that, the ancient horses evolved into the Merychippus, which continued to grow in
height and had a longer arched neck. Not many differences were recorded in the foot area, apart from
the middle toe shrinking in length. As for the modern horse, its size was the biggest among all horses,
with a vertically longer face and defined muscles in the neck and legs. Notably, the horse nowadays is
single-toed and solid-hoofed, with the foot having a curved structure instead of staying flat like the
previous versions. (215 words)
The diagram below shows how to recycle organic waste to produce fertiliser (compost)

The diagram illustrates the organic waste recycling process to make fertiliser. It is apparent that there
are five prominent steps involved, from preparing a suitable container to gathering the finished
compost.

The initial stage shows that a plastic bottle of volume 2 cubic metres is left empty, with air holes drilled
on both sides to serve ventilation purposes. Subsequent to that, wastes are strategically added into the
container, with each layer of material reaching 15 centimetres in thickness. Food should be spread at
the bottom, followed by grass, and the top should be covered by newspaper.

After the materials are arranged, a mixture of nitrogen and water is poured into the bottle. It is strictly
advised that only hot water should be used. The container is then lidded, and ensuing this, a process of
heating is initiated. Having been left to sit for six months, the compost is then in a fit state to collect, and
once assembled, the fertiliser is ready for gardening. (164 words)
The diagram shows rainwater is collected for the use of drinking water in an Australian town.

The diagram depicts the closed process of collecting rainwater to manufacture drinking water in an
undisclosed town in Australia. It can be observed that there are five key steps involved, from gathering
resources to conveying drinkable water to households.

The initial stage shows that roof drains are directly connected to an interlinked draining system, and this
is where the water supply for the process is accumulated. Consecutively, the water is led through a filter
placed at the end of the drain in order to remove unwanted impurities, and after that, the strained
water collected is reserved in a sizable storage.

Ensuing this, the water is moved to the treatment tank with essential chemicals attached to it, initiating
the cleaning process to ensure that the water is potable. Once completely purified, the water is moved
up to households, and the drinking water is released through the pipes installed inside homes.
Noticeably, the clean water is carried in a closed pipeline system. (160 words)