PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION

1) Amy, Brian, Cheryl, Danny and Eric went to a concert. How many arrangements are
possible when they sit in five adjacent seats if
a. Eric insists on sitting next to Cheryl?
b. Brian refuses to sit next to Danny?

2) Each of 7 children, in turn, throws a ball once at a target. Calculate the number of ways
the children can be arranged in order to take the throws.
Given that 3 of the children are girls and 4 are boys, calculate the number of ways the
children can be arranged in order that
a. successive throws are made by boys and girls alternately,
b. a girl takes the first throw and a boy takes the last throw.

3) Calculate the number of arrangements of the letters of the word INCLUDE if

a. all the consonants are together,
b. no two consonants are together,
c. each arrangement begins with a consonant and ends with a vowel.

4) How many numbers between 2000 and 5000 can be made from the digits 1, 2, 4, 5, 7
and 8 if each digit is used only once?

5) At an art exhibition 7 paintings are to be hung in a row along one wall. Find the number
of possible arrangements. Given that 3 paintings are by the same artist, find the number
of arrangements in which
a. these 3 paintings are hung side by side,
b. any one of these paintings is hung at the beginning of the row but neither of the
other 2 is hung at the end of the row.

6) Calculate the total number of different permutations of all the letters A, B, C, D, E, F

when
a. there are no restrictions,
b. the letters A and B are to be adjacent to one another,
c. the first letter is A, B or C and the last letter is D, E or F.

7) A club contains the President, the Secretary and 8 other members. The club is asked to
send a group of 4 representatives to a conference. Calculate the number of different
ways in which the group can be formed if it must contain
a. both the President and the Secretary,
b. either the President or the Secretary, but not both.
8) A particular firm has 6 vacancies to fill from 15 applicants. Calculate the number of ways
in which these vacancies could be filled if there are no restrictions.
The firm decides that 3 of the 6 vacancies shall be filled by women and 3 by men.
The applicants consist of 7 women and 8 men. Calculate the number of ways in which
the vacancies could be filled under these conditions.
One of the 7 women is the wife of one the 8 men. Calculate the number of ways in
which 3 women and 3 men could fill these 6 vacancies, given that both the wife and her
husband are among those appointed.

9) A delegation of 4 people is to be selected from 5 women and 6 men. Find the number of
possible delegations if
a. there are no restrictions,
b. there is at least 1 woman,
c. there are at least 2 women
One of the men cannot get along with one of the women. Find the number of
delegations which include this particular man or woman, but not both.

10) A chess club has 10 members, of whom 6 are men and 4 are women. A team of 4
members is selected to play in a match. Find the number of different ways of selecting
the team if
a. all the players are to be of the same sex,
b. there must be an equal number of men and women.
Given that the 6 men include 2 brothers, find the total number of ways in which the
team can be selected if either of the brothers. But not both, must be included.

11) Five different letters are chosen from the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J. Find the
number of choices.
How many of these choices contain
a. exactly 3 consonants,
b. no vowel,
c. at least one vowel?

12) An art gallery has a total of 11 paintings by a particular artist; of these, 5 are oil
paintings and 6 are watercolour paintings. The art gallery is asked to provide a special
exhibition of this artist’s work but is restricted to showing only 5 paintings. Calculate the
number of ways in which the 5 paintings can be selected for the exhibition if
a. there are no restrictions,
b. one particular painting must be included,
c. there must be exactly 3 watercolour paintings,
d. there must be more watercolour paintings than oil paintings.
13) 2 Mathematics books, 4 Science books and 3 Literature books are to be arranged on a
shelf. In how many ways can this be done if
a. there are no restrictions?
b. the 2 Mathematics books are not together?
c. books of the same subject must be placed next to one another?
If 5 of these 9 books are to be transferred and arranged on another shelf, in how many
ways can this be done if the first and last books on this shelf are Literature books?

14) A committee of 5 members are to be formed from 5 married couples. Find the number
of committees if
a. the selection is random (i.e. there are no restrictions),
b. a particular couple is in the committee,
c. there are more men than women.

15) Find the number of ways in which a team of 6 batsmen, 4 bowlers and a wicket-keeper
may be selected from a squad of 8 batmen, 6 bowlers and 2 wicket-keepers.
Find the number of ways in which
a. This team may be selected if it is to include 4 specified batsmen and 2 specified
bowlers,
b. The 6 batmen may be selected from the 8 available, given that 2 particular
batmen cannot be selected together.
 PAST PAPERS
1) Find the number of ways in which a team of 6 batsmen, 4 bowlers and a wicket- keeper
may be selected from a squad of 8 batsman, 6 bowlers and 2 wicket-keepers. Find the
number of ways in which
a. this team may be selected if it is to include 4 specified batmen and 2 specific
bowlers.
b. the 6 batsman may be selected from the 8 available, given that 2 particular
batsman cannot be selected together.

2) At an art exhibition 7 paintings are to be hung in a row along one wall. Find the number
of possible arrangements. Given that 3 paintings are by the same artist, find the number
of arrangements in which
a. These three paintings are hung side by side,
b. any one of these 3 paintings is hung at the beginning of the row but neither of
the other two is hung at the end of the row.

3) A chess club has 10 members of whom 6 are men and 4 are women. A team of 4
members is selected to play in a match. Find the number of different ways in which the
team can be selected if
a. all the players are to be of the same sex,
b. there must be an equal number of men and women.
Given that the 6 men include 2 brothers, find the total number of ways in which the
team can be selected if either of the brothers, but not both, must be included.

4) An art gallery has a total of 11 paintings by a particular artist; of these, 5 are oil
paintings and 6 are water color paintings. The art gallery is asked to provided a special
exhibition of this artists work but is restricted to showing only 5 of the paintings.
Calculate the number of ways in which the 5 paintings can be selected for the
exhibition.
a. there is no restriction
b. a particular painting must be included,
c. there must be exactly 3 water color paintings,
d. there must be more water color paintings than oil painting.
5) a. A shelf is to contain 7 different books, of which 4 were written by bookers and 3
by hardy. Find the number of arrangements in which
i. no two books by the same author are adjacent,
ii. the first two books at the left-hand endure by the same author.
b. A concert pianist agrees to take part in a charity concert. She offers a choice of
10 works, of which 5 were composed by Chopin, 3 by Beethoven and 2 by
Mozart. The concert committee is to select 4 of these works. Calculate the
number of ways these 4 workers can be selected if
i. There are no restriction,
ii. There are two workers by Chopin, 1 by Beethoven and 1 by Mozart,
iii. There must be at least one work by each composer,
iv. The selection contains works by exactly two of the three composers.

6) Calculate how many different 5 digits numbers can be formed from the 9 digits 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9 used without repetition. In how many of these 5 digits numbers will the digit
8 and 9 be adjacent?

7) An art gallery has 9 paintings by a famous artist. 9 selection of 4 of there are to be

shown in an exhibition. Calculate the number of different selections that can be taken if
a. There are no restriction,
b. One special painting must be included.
4 of these paintings, including the special one, are selected and exhibited in a line. Find
the number of arrangements of these 4 paintings in which the special paintings does
come at either end.

8) A competition has a first prize, a second one, a third prize and a fourth prize. 10
competitors enter this competition and the prizes are awarded for the first, second,
third and fourth competitor in order of merit.
a. Find the number of different ways in which these prizes could be won. Smith and
Jones are 2 of the 10 competitors. Find the number of different ways in which
the prizes could be won if
b. Neither Smith nor Jones wins a prize
c. Each of Smith and Jones wins a prize.

9) a. Calculate the number of different 6 digit numbers which can be formed using the
digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 without repetition and assuming that a number cannot begin
with 0.
b. A committee of 4 people is to be chosen from 4 women and 5 men. The
committee must contain at least 1 woman. Calculate the number of different
committees that can be formed.
10) a. The producer of a play requires a total cast of 5, of which 3 are actors and 2 are
actresses. He auditions 5 actors and 4 actresses for the cast. Find the total
number of ways in which the cast can be obtained.
b. Find how many different off 4 digit numbers less than 4000 can be made from
the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 if no digit may be repeated.

11) a. Find the number of different arrangements of the letters of the word MEXICO.
Find the number of these arrangements.
b. which begin with M,
c. Which have the letter X at one end and the letter C at the other end.
Four of the letters of the word MEXICO are selected at random. Find the number of
different combinations if
a. there is no restriction on the letters selected,
b. the letter M must be selected.

12) A garden centre sells 10 different varieties of rose bush. A gardener wishes to buy 6 rose
bushes, all of different varieties.
a. Calculate the number of ways she can make her selection.
Of the 10 varieties, 3 are pink, 5 are red and 2 are yellow. Calculate the number of ways
in which her selection of 6 rose bushes could contain
b. No pink rose bush,
c. At least one rose bush of each color.

13) a. Find the number of different arrangements of the 9 letters of the word
SINGAPORE in which S does not occur as the first letter.
b. 3 students are selected to form a chess team from a group of 5 girls and 3 boys.
Find the number of possible teams that can be selected in which there are more
girls than boys.

14) a. An Examination paper contains 12 different questions of which 3 are on

trigonometry 4 are on algebra and 5 are on calculus. Candidates are asked to
answer the questions. Calculate
i. the no of different way in which a candidate can select 8 question of
there is no restriction.
ii. The number of this selections which contain question on only 2 of the 3
topic, trigonometry, algebra and calculus.
b. A Fashion magazine runs a competition in which 8 photos of dresses are shown,
lettered 𝐴𝐴, 𝐵𝐵, 𝐶𝐶, 𝐷𝐷, 𝐸𝐸, 𝐹𝐹, 𝐺𝐺, 𝐻𝐻. Competitors are asked to submit an arrangement
of 5 letters showing their choices of dresses in descending offer of merit. The
winner is picked at random from these competitors whose arrangement of
letters agrees with that chosen by a panel of experts. Calculate the number of
these arrangements in
(i) which 𝐴𝐴 is placed first
(ii) which contain 𝐴𝐴.
15) A student has a collection of 9 CD’s of which 4 are by the Beatles 3 are by Abba and 2
are by the Rolling stores. She collected 4 of the CD’s from her collection. Calculate the
number of ways in which she can make her selection if
a. Her selection must contain her favorite Beatles CD.
b. Her selection must contain 2 CD’s by one group and 2 CD’s by another.

16) a. Each day a newspaper agent sells copies of 10 different newspapers, one of
which is the times. A customer buys 3 different newspaper. Calculate the
number of ways the customer can select his newspapers
i. If there is no restriction
ii. If 1 of the 3 newspaper is the times.
b. Calculate the number of different 5 digit numbers which can be formed using the
digit 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 without repetition and assuming that a number cannot begin
with 0.

17) a. 7 boys are to be seated in a row. Calculate the number of different way in which
this can be done if 2 particular boys, Andrew and Brian have exactly 3 of the
other boys between them.
b. A box contains sweets of 6 different flavors. Then are at least 2 sweets of each
flavor. A girl selects 3 sweets from the box. Given that these 3 sweets are not all
of the same flavor, calculate the number of different way she can select her 3
sweets.

18) a. How many different 4 digit numbers can be formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9 if no digit may be repeated?
b. In a group of 13 entertainers 8 are singers and 5 are comedians. A concert is to
be given by those entertainers. In the concert there must be at least 1 comedian
and there must be more singers than comedians. Find the member of different
way that the 5 entertainers can be selected.

19) An artist has 6 watercolor’s paintings and 4 oil paintings. She wishes to select 4 of these
10 paintings for an exhibition.
a. Find the number of different selections she can make
b. In how many of these selections will there be more watercolor paintings than oil
paintings.

20) A badminton team of 4 men and 4 women is to be selected from 9 men and 6 women.
a. Find the total number of way in which the team can be selected if there is no
restriction.
b. Two of the man are twins find the number of ways in which the team can be
selected if exactly one of the twins is in the team.
21) A committee of 5 people is to be selected from 6 men and 4 women.
a. Find the number of different ways in which the committee can be selected.
b. The number of these selections with more women than men.

22) a. A sports team of 3 attackers, 2 centres and 4 defenders is to be chosen from a

squad of 5 attackers, 3 centres and 6 defender. Calculate the number of different
way in which this can be done.
b. How many different 4 digit numbers greater the 3000 on can be formed using the six
digit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 if no digit can be used more than once.

23) A musician has to play 4 pieces from a list of 9. Of there 9 pieces 4 were written by
Beethoven, 3 by Handel and 2 by Sibelius. Calculate the number of ways the 4 pieces
can be chosen if
a. There is no restriction
b. There must be 2 pieces by Beethoven, 1 by Handel and 1 by Sibelius
c. There must be at least one piece by each composer.

24) A committee of 8 people is to be selected from 7 teachers and 6 students. Find the
number of different ways in which the committee can be selected if
a. There is no restriction
b. There are to be more teachers than students in the committee.

25) A music student needs to select 7 pieces of music from 6 classical pieces and 4 modern
pieces. Find the number of different selections that she can make if
a. There is no restriction
b. There are to be only 2 modern pieces included
c. There are to be more classical pieces than modern pieces.

26) A 4 digit number is formed by using four of the seven digits 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9. No digits
can be repeated in one number. Find how many different 4 digit numbers can be
formed if.
a. There is no restriction
b. The number is less than 4000
c. The number is even and less than 4000.

27) A tea of 6 members is to be selected from 6 women and 8 men

a. Find the number of different teams that can be selected
b. Find the number of different teams that consists of 2 women and 4 men.
c. Find the number of different teams that contain no more than 1 woman.
28) Four boys and they are to be seated in a row. Calculate the number of different ways
that this can be done if
a. The boys girls sit alternately
b. The boys sit together and the girls sit together
c. A boy sit at each end of the row.

29) a. A team of 7 people is to be chosen from 5 women and 7 men. Calculate the
number of different ways in which this can be done if
i. there are no restrictions,
ii. the team is to contain more women than men.
b.
i. How many different 4 digit numbers, less than 5000, can be formed using
4 of the 6 digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 if no digit can be used more than once?
ii. How many of these 4 digit numbers are divisible by 5?
30 (a) The menu for a meal in a restaurant is as follows.

Starter Course
Melon
or
Soup
or
Smoked Salmon

Main Course
Chicken
or
Steak
or
Lamb Cutlets
or
Vegetable Curry
or
Fish

Dessert Course
Cheesecake
or
Ice Cream
or
Apple Pie

All the main courses are served with salad and either
new potatoes or french fries.

(i) How many different three-course meals are there? [2]

(ii) How many different choices are there if customers may choose only two of the three courses?
[3]

(b) In how many ways can a group of 14 people eating at the restaurant be divided between three
tables seating 5, 5 and 4? [3]

31 (a) A football team consists of 3 players who play in a defence position, 3 players who play in a
midfield position and 5 players who play in a forward position. Three players are chosen to
collect a gold medal for the team. Find in how many ways this can be done
(i) if the captain, who is a midfield player, must be included, together with one defence and one
forward player, [2]
(ii) if exactly one forward player must be included, together with any two others. [2]

(b) Find how many different arrangements there are of the nine letters in the words GOLD MEDAL
(i) if there are no restrictions on the order of the letters, [2]
(ii) if the two letters D come first and the two letters L come last. [2]
32

The diagram shows the seating plan for passengers in a minibus, which has 17 seats arranged in 4 rows.
The back row has 5 seats and the other 3 rows have 2 seats on each side. 11 passengers get on the
minibus.

(i) How many possible seating arrangements are there for the 11 passengers? [2]

(ii) How many possible seating arrangements are there if 5 particular people sit in the back row?
[3]

Of the 11 passengers, 5 are unmarried and the other 6 consist of 3 married couples.

(iii) In how many ways can 5 of the 11 passengers on the bus be chosen if there must be 2 married
couples and 1 other person, who may or may not be married? [3]

33 (i) Find the number of ways in which all twelve letters of the word REFRIGERATOR can be
arranged
(a) if there are no restrictions, [2]
(b) if the Rs must all be together. [2]

(ii) How many different selections of four letters from the twelve letters of the word REFRIGERATOR
contain no Rs and two Es? [3]

34 Issam has 11 different CDs, of which 6 are pop music, 3 are jazz and 2 are classical.

(i) How many different arrangements of all 11 CDs on a shelf are there if the jazz CDs are all next
to each other? [3]

(ii) Issam makes a selection of 2 pop music CDs, 2 jazz CDs and 1 classical CD. How many different
possible selections can be made? [3]

35 A choir consists of 13 sopranos, 12 altos, 6 tenors and 7 basses. A group consisting of 10 sopranos,
9 altos, 4 tenors and 4 basses is to be chosen from the choir.

(i) In how many different ways can the group be chosen? [2]

(ii) In how many ways can the 10 chosen sopranos be arranged in a line if the 6 tallest stand next to
each other? [3]

(iii) The 4 tenors and 4 basses in the group stand in a single line with all the tenors next to each other
and all the basses next to each other. How many possible arrangements are there if three of the
tenors refuse to stand next to any of the basses? [3]
36 Nine cards, each of a different colour, are to be arranged in a line.

(i) How many different arrangements of the 9 cards are possible? [1]

The 9 cards include a pink card and a green card.

(ii) How many different arrangements do not have the pink card next to the green card? [3]

Consider all possible choices of 3 cards from the 9 cards with the 3 cards being arranged in a line.

(iii) How many different arrangements in total of 3 cards are possible? [2]

(iv) How many of the arrangements of 3 cards in part (iii) contain the pink card? [2]

(v) How many of the arrangements of 3 cards in part (iii) do not have the pink card next to the green
card? [2]

37 (i) Find the number of different ways that the 9 letters of the word HAPPINESS can be arranged in
a line. [1]

(ii) The 9 letters of the word HAPPINESS are arranged in random order in a line. Find the probability
that the 3 vowels (A, E, I) are not all next to each other. [4]

(iii) Find the number of different selections of 4 letters from the 9 letters of the word HAPPINESS
which contain no Ps and either one or two Ss. [3]

38 An English examination consists of 8 questions in Part A and 3 questions in Part B. Candidates must
choose 6 questions. The order in which questions are chosen does not matter. Find the number of
ways in which the 6 questions can be chosen in each of the following cases.

(i) There are no restrictions on which questions can be chosen. [1]

(ii) Candidates must choose at least 4 questions from Part A. [3]

(iii) Candidates must either choose both question 1 and question 2 in Part A, or choose neither of
these questions. [3]

39 A town council plans to plant 12 trees along the centre of a main road. The council buys the trees
from a garden centre which has 4 different hibiscus trees, 9 different jacaranda trees and 2 different
oleander trees for sale.

(i) How many different selections of 12 trees can be made if there must be at least 2 of each type of
tree? [4]

The council buys 4 hibiscus trees, 6 jacaranda trees and 2 oleander trees.

(ii) How many different arrangements of these 12 trees can be made if the hibiscus trees have to be
next to each other, the jacaranda trees have to be next to each other and the oleander trees have
to be next to each other? [3]

(iii) How many different arrangements of these 12 trees can be made if no hibiscus tree is next to
another hibiscus tree? [3]
40 Find how many different numbers can be made from some or all of the digits of the number 1 345 789
if
(i) all seven digits are used, the odd digits are all together and no digits are repeated, [2]
(ii) the numbers made are even numbers between 3000 and 5000, and no digits are repeated, [3]
(iii) the numbers made are multiples of 5 which are less than 1000, and digits can be repeated. [3]

41 (a) Find the number of different ways the 7 letters of the word BANANAS can be arranged
(i) if the first letter is N and the last letter is B, [3]
(ii) if all the letters A are next to each other. [3]

(b) Find the number of ways of selecting a group of 9 people from 14 if two particular people cannot
both be in the group together. [3]

42 (a) Find the number of different arrangements which can be made of all 10 letters of the word
WALLFLOWER if
(i) there are no restrictions, [1]
(ii) there are exactly six letters between the two Ws. [4]

(b) A team of 6 people is to be chosen from 5 swimmers, 7 athletes and 4 cyclists. There must be
at least 1 from each activity and there must be more athletes than cyclists. Find the number of
different ways in which the team can be chosen. [4]

43 A library contains 4 identical copies of book A, 2 identical copies of book B and 5 identical copies of
book C. These 11 books are arranged on a shelf in the library.

(i) Calculate the number of different arrangements if the end books are either both book A or both
book B. [4]
(ii) Calculate the number of different arrangements if all the books A are next to each other and none
of the books B are next to each other. [5]

44 (a) Find the number of ways in which all 9 letters of the word AUSTRALIA can be arranged in each
of the following cases.
(i) All the vowels (A, I, U are vowels) are together. [3]

(ii) The letter T is in the central position and each end position is occupied by one of the other
consonants (R, S, L). [3]

(b) Donna has 2 necklaces, 8 rings and 4 bracelets, all different. She chooses 4 pieces of jewellery.
How many possible selections can she make if she chooses at least 1 necklace and at least 1
bracelet? [4]
45 (a) A group of 6 teenagers go boating. There are three boats available. One boat has room for
3 people, one has room for 2 people and one has room for 1 person. Find the number of different
ways the group of 6 teenagers can be divided between the three boats. [3]
(b) Find the number of different 7-digit numbers which can be formed from the seven digits 2, 2, 3,
7, 7, 7, 8 in each of the following cases.
(i) The odd digits are together and the even digits are together. [3]
(ii) The 2s are not together. [4]

46 A committee of 6 people, which must contain at least 4 men and at least 1 woman, is to be chosen
from 10 men and 9 women.

(i) Find the number of possible committees that can be chosen. [3]

(ii) Find the probability that one particular man, Albert, and one particular woman, Tracey, are both
on the committee. [2]

(iii) Find the number of possible committees that include either Albert or Tracey but not both. [3]

(iv) The committee that is chosen consists of 4 men and 2 women. They queue up randomly in a line
for refreshments. Find the probability that the women are not next to each other in the queue.
[3]

47 (a) Geoff wishes to plant 25 flowers in a flower-bed. He can choose from 15 different
geraniums, 10 different roses and 8 different lilies. He wants to have at least 11 geraniums and
also to have
the same number of roses and lilies. Find the number of different selections of flowers he can
make. [4]

(b) Find the number of different ways in which the 9 letters of the word GREENGAGE can be
arranged if exactly two of the Gs are next to each other. [3]

48 Twelve coins are tossed and placed in a line. Each coin can show either a head or a tail.

(i) Find the number of different arrangements of heads and tails which can be obtained. [2]

(ii) Find the number of different arrangements which contain 7 heads and 5 tails. [1]
49 (a) A team of 3 boys and 3 girls is to be chosen from a group of 12 boys and 9 girls to enter a
competition. Tom and Henry are two of the boys in the group. Find the number of ways in which
the team can be chosen if Tom and Henry are either both in the team or both not in the team. [3]

(b) The back row of a cinema has 12 seats, all of which are empty. A group of 8 people, including
Mary and Frances, sit in this row. Find the number of different ways they can sit in these 12
seats if
(i) there are no restrictions, [1]
(ii) Mary and Frances do not sit in seats which are next to each other, [3]
(iii) all 8 people sit together with no empty seats between them. [3]

50 The 11 letters of the word REMEMBRANCE are arranged in a line.

(i) Find the number of different arrangements if there are no restrictions. [1]

(ii) Find the number of different arrangements which start and finish with the letter M. [2]

(iii) Find the number of different arrangements which do not have all 4 vowels (E, E, A, E) next to
each other. [3]

4 letters from the letters of the word REMEMBRANCE are chosen.

(iv) Find the number of different selections which contain no Ms and no Rs and at least 2 Es. [3]

51 The 50 members of a club include both the club president and the club treasurer. All 50
members want to go on a coach tour, but the coach only has room for 45 people. In how many
ways can 45 members be chosen if both the club president and the club treasurer must be included?
[3]

52 Find the number of different ways that 6 boys and 4 girls can stand in a line if
(i) all 6 boys stand next to each other, [3]
(ii) no girl stands next to another girl. [3]

53 A group of 8 friends travels to the airport in two taxis, P and Q. Each taxi can take 4 passengers.

(i) The 8 friends divide themselves into two groups of 4, one group for taxi P and one group for taxi
Q, with Jon and Sarah travelling in the same taxi. Find the number of different ways in which
this can be done. [3]

Taxi P Taxi Q

Back Front Back Front

Each taxi can take 1 passenger in the front and 3 passengers in the back (see diagram). Mark sits in
the front of taxi P and Jon and Sarah sit in the back of taxi P next to each other.

(ii) Find the number of different seating arrangements that are now possible for the 8 friends. [4]
54 Find the number of ways all 10 letters of the word COPENHAGEN can be arranged so that
(i) the vowels (A, E, O) are together and the consonants (C, G, H, N, P) are together, [3]
(ii) the Es are not next to each other. [4]

Four letters are selected from the 10 letters of the word COPENHAGEN.

(iii) Find the number of different selections if the four letters must contain the same number of Es
and Ns with at least one of each. [5]

55 (a) Find the number of different 3-digit numbers greater than 300 that can be made from the digits
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 if
(i) no digit can be repeated, [3]

(ii) a digit can be repeated and the number made is even. [3]

(b) A team of 5 is chosen from 6 boys and 4 girls. Find the number of ways the team can be chosen
if
(i) there are no restrictions, [1]
(ii) the team contains more boys than girls. [3]
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION:
1) a. 48
b. 72
2) 5040
a. 144
b. 1440
3) a. 576
b. 144
1440
4) 120
5) 5040
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