Blectronics Mad ( g{ /o2/2024 Pletroris Uhibaly | Ai fo7f ee >) (yystal Stvucture ~ 0 ae A polid of dfirvde shape wth ibs Jons oY mokcwbs, arrarysd in SOML Jogulat nypitios abms , in tao oY thre dimensional paltinns ip called crys) . Cystlbne sold freoiphaus Ad 0 fhe ame or iba ome |) The ams or moluahs prvodic an space: no period gin Space: @ Serre ongotabline solidy are O AAmrorphaud polls isotropk aninottopit 6 Amorphous aglids 40 rot home 6 aphlira sob have shop mnelfirg poivt sharp melting per?’ 8 Cryst) Aodfice ~ ‘Te. periodic asrvangemort ¢ afors 10% - (basmeftie! avrargerent of ryt). Cpe jo Glyd Aaltce gn 2D it ad Lalled plare- ition & in 3-D A id (abled gp boi ® Borin The. adorns and prslocube noo crysted proucluses oe. Gallsd basid ie Ipbtin + bosib = Cryst: @ frimite, Coll — A primitie wl ip a type of unit oll subich Apntaine atic port ot She Lotnans prly « an fret volume of te polid @ Ucit all gt Jp defined from auhich the andine Aoystal son be lpstrucd by the. ty analatienal rapetifion> simplet form of unit QL WD Collod print a fy: unit cl © Primitive bovin WIS ~ Y the yrobrs 2, Boe Yepoaserts ts cugyted aucune ” Jf thay define 0. primitive fell of 2pawe Aokthis. ther ab BC Ore cay primitive bosip- ee ® Lryshl /Jodtia. transletion vector - | anja t nb 4,2 | where , 4,2 Bos ane Inlegend: ———_ ey if How, [Pe ee+at | ® Ceystel ystems B Brovais abties. for soprxcding te type of distribution of Jaithie pot in the. opel, dla Koordina. Dystoms afr repuitd This Asordinade bystitens ane (ylled Crysto systems The tewen cryshd systems are Obssic O Tetagorol D orthorhembic |) Monockinic OTridinic - © Rhombohadwl or Trigorol Hexagonal In 1948, Brovais phowee |4 diffurt Jaffice t- docriee oll Gugsal Tho 14 afte are colle Broumin — latttcs0 Kubic (02/02/2023 » Cl Here , a=b=c dh 2B Y= 10 gn this Syston ton aw 3 Bravais attic - hoy rai. Simple cubic. , Body contied and fax Lontied . RI Le Sivege_cubic Bcc © Letvogoral low, aab#e, A= HY 40° pre 2 Grastis Lat tics in Tetsagoval systim — Tho Simple and Body - contre - ® Orthorhor bic. Pt ee CO cal olan e In this systam , Lite haw 4 bravois Lattiws — simple » Body - Cendred , fate- Cortted and bnaer Centered : ® Moroclinic Hore, of BFC? K=¥ = 10° #F H hos 2 Bravois Loftices - Sirnple 9 Base- ont - © Trichinic foe, af bFC » AL BF Y= 10° Sf has ory + Brovair Laddice — Simple or p™ itive= —— ©) @Rhombohad vel le achat , Ae PHY FW Tine Braves lative. 1 Simp only. ® Hexagonal azb#e , A=P=I0" , Ua120° a _ Braveics lattia js Prien tive, only. | \ J | a / A) ny ||| we IN we ® Aterrs pun unit al An oto Lying at the wren of a tubie unit oll is dhoted equally by & anit hb od therfore fours for 1/¢x ¢ an ode: it) An adorn lying in Ha face of anit sal Dep ayually to 2 rit sell and therefore Courts ob %/> for thot portivslar cell: Thetfom pr Sirople cre [phhe No. of atoms por ol = dxe = 4 for Faw -antad cubic dato No- = 3474 | of alors pr ail= Inet tne 23 a _.boy Booty - cortred Cubic Aattio , No of ales pr WMalxg+s = 2 @ Facking Frection 4 ip defined ar He patio ble She volurrs. of se done ccapying the nih MM Ime ee the unit cH: 4) Packing peen PY a vadin of ore. adorn simple cube Jeb fore, ye Yo . AR? . Facking fasion = _% TF x = Go 3 o = an S z + -2 5p LM ar 6B) foebny Frocton fox fren Cobre Cabic_Aettion Hows at tae oy _ dEK eee DY” = oa ne aNe i) Pocky fracton for Body - Cntred Cubic ll tere, from OABC, ——- Diorter =49~ * ae z a aK an oe > Sarz lby a ; Aa ayrs K Sak , eee a dye Ge EK 4 = PRE Zs BR @) lotic Planss 3 A cyystel Lattin ip mode of Lange or gf pam eyuidistart planes. Than are Calld Lalita planer &) Midler Indices > The indeger> wthich detamine the orierbation a crystal phe in solation » ee 3- Crystellopap In order te fed phe miller Steps aw to be ~ 0) ele dirk te ina ary eS ; a indies , Sheinkirsepls os mulliple of bie peer thax. shape by Joithite. poromstins . Fe et a @ pe chan Hh fradiions by ‘taking the LOM ¢ the dlunominalors ard multiplying ~ This gives The Fegusited miller indian Y z Step 18% S fa - Hb - y 6 h : > b re Stop? 9 fa wb - ME L x alas a b ¢ Zp © @ mle exprers those vo beet Ge, 4.4 . = — ? 4 vy aa stop > hoe Kk -4 | 3 . nar) | (ChiKid is he a: prider 4 | a4 x Y 2 ao 2b ge 2b a 2 + © ‘ + 3 tem > 6 3 feal &) Draw Ihe plane» having ilar indices (4,0,0) oe (0 10), (oot), C! 10), Choy” Cor) , (7 09) Chet, Y Now jnkencept along GPS ow in( ip o).@ Inrnplanay par Distane ble two Cconseaurtive planes. L g > [ot us Consider plane he oF ¢ plane» G KD an a wt GU. This plane ert maki interes K’ bog on Be Htae oes WY peoprdianly lt o te origin , ola a upendivlar OW prow © fo the ; V.Motw, ove A” the distance b/d! adjacent plore» ov indenplanner peg bho parole! planes « on makes angus

) bee ct Ke Ere] fr cubia) Gructuye , a2b=C = % (Gap ) Oa a2 Ar Ke . [a the +z 1" for whe, a 07 (EH } iz a) ene spacing blu £00) &(3 ia planes. f ‘— ® Cubic system Oe y a: a £ Yon@tott0% in 7 Fie 2m = ow i aw ae a ; ok a ey da Se = oes C ? 3 WS a, a, g A -aw GB ~ an BA N32) Detinmine the mba jndies f & plane parallet fo the g-atin and cut intercepts of 232 along x ard y ats peopel, + Chik) _Sa"y Tainupts =2% 5 2,5 0 ab: £ —_= in ee 2 5b I = Ro KO? Aspe ye re gerk ess 2 a a es t.3. — > hi kid Zit:0 rrr Lc A(h k}) = (139) A plane cuds intercepts da 24,3 86 along the the CrysteMogyaphic aw in a Crystl: Dotirmine rrillr indian of plane [S26 7) Sal Prtrupts 20° 3b:6 2 a. FD i | RRS Awd ah KL) 26 26) Sn tyyclin'e crystal a Aadtien plane makin idtinuept at fhe th a, 1bG-3¢/r «find He miller indices dhe plane: (Ame 6 3-1) sal” > (a. 2b “ey Le bes gate es = { » (1 +3) 7G eg @) E (hk!) aie = a (ne) 2(6 3 -4)tal — 6) dn 4 pimple bic 3) 0) find the patio af idercepts By te) by & * plane 1) fine te radio of SpreirpP g (119008 3) pe SA" a be =o fo Midler indicn = ar2e:se zh ‘eh gate he bed Tesircepts ahwieti git Cheuiptoed) poe 4 ahikide 6:53°% = (kh «) = Br)‘Als ale WS= Ge) FREE ELECTRON THEORY a Acwrding this theory a mel Gn be Considine to consist ¥ jon Cores having the nuchus and doch otun than velne sleclrons This Value shntiens form an olctron aes Surrounding The jvon cores and fra move any Uh ane auithin the merl The motion o the dcrons within He mil de pur because Sore no collision, aimilay ae the molecules Gf an ideal gos & Man CHARACTERISTICS OF METALS MAIN CHARACTERS D Metals obey Chew's Laur - i- in staady stad the ourterd density ,J in propor tional do the app liad ghdvic field intinsity EB. Tae jaf-c# | Ve IY Dee ¥% aT x fre VI iy Ps (7 edacriel ord se eet oPecé @ Mato possess hih elnctyical and thermal condussit ® Ab Lgur Aemmporodiure. , rerirtivity J os ditecbly propor tonal to the fefth pouur — of absolute — Fert O® The yistane of yrlals Increases with Tsing tunp rrefals vanishos af wey leet The pris tanw cd Contain : meron FP denprotune Thuy exhibit the pheno © conduchv'f :@for the ht Pp (0 > Piemuce) © The satio of thormal and electrical conductivititom > divectly propor tioral to th. absolute imperative ard it b Cbd Adkdumann - Pr ang bua: oa me \ & LORENTZ - DRUdE THEORY & Drude opsumed that at ordinary tampprattnre mebels rondomly- uth an annerage- this yandem adams melocules [P& : “Gnatint Lorenty dctrons mee in ped af the orden $ 402 m/s - Duvig molion duciions Collide swith them sche 7 3 pers f Jotthive cd Hoy boue no porchcal Cortribution dp alactrial @ thawral conductividinss Hane Jr the pad the an mbl in 0, an external obi Hi the ectrons pwd be ae raion fo Hopped AT fal ord potee © Layout |Some phenomena Dike photo etic fet, Corn poten yy black body yadiation of cannot pr explained by dl Aight os 0 Wave oF continuo flow of anergy « Trix ¢ phenomena could be. on plained by Considaxcing dif bins energy in Fhe for of diry packets pr bundles of anagy ase packs gf envigy ane tall phos on The other hand Some phenernena Mahe. top h dir, vefra dion 5 defradtion » £Marfuranc- » polastigahion ote. Cold ng be explained by Considanirg Aight an panies thin implisn ight posexses hot uae & pare Joke eatare ‘Tin ® Called ware pails duality. Bo-tropie > De Broglie osderdod the par nalictoe ¢ Aypkt se al) the particles gf bvans According de hts hugpettesi» “Tha. vote parchicls. dixalism ahould nat be ad qo radiation alone , but proud abe be achnded to ol the purdamertel arditio dn phpich/# Ave - Too, Hedrons , protons, oforns 8 molecubs when ™ asociohd with st.” . Sina » UO of prom, Fab? ; Fe We 0 . h >a According fe Bie -uargy puldon, & ome™ @ mc = be (ole & | d st -