Safety Engineering Management

SFTY100 REVIEWER
PROF: ENGR. GEOFFREY UDOKA NNADRI, Ph. D.

WEEK 1: ORIENTATION AND INTRODUCTION Risk assessment - is the process where you:
TO THE COURSE identify hazards, analyze or evaluate the
risk associated with that hazard, and
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH) determine appropriate ways to eliminate or
control the hazard.
is the promotion and maintenance
of the highest degree of physical, Adverse health effect - A general definition
mental and social well-being of of adverse health effect is "any change in
workers in all occupations; body function or the structures of cells that
it calls for the prevention of any can lead to disease or health problems“
impairment in the health and well-
being of workers caused by their OSH Standards - OSH Standards are
working conditions or work mandatory rules and standards set and
environment; enforced to eliminate or reduce
OSH stands for the protection of occupational safety and health hazards in
workers from risks and hazards that the workplace
could adversely affect their health
and well-being and for their Purpose of OSH Standards - OSH Standards
placement in an occupational aim to provide at least the minimum
environment adapted to his/her acceptable degree of protection that
physiological ability must be afforded to every worker in relation
to the working conditions and dangers of
WHAT IS SAFETY? injury, sickness or death that may arise by
reason of the worker's occupation.
To safety professionals, safety is the
control of hazards and risks at Unsafe Conditions and Acts - According to
acceptable levels. Heinrich, all incidents directly relate to
Refers to the physical or unsafe conditions and acts, which he
environmental conditions of work or defines as “unsafe performance of persons,
employment, which substantially such as standing under suspended loads ...
comply with the provisions of horseplay, and removal of safeguards”;
Occupational Safety and Health and “mechanical or physical hazards such
Standards as unguarded gears ... and insufficient
light.”
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Accident - an unplanned or unexpected

occurrence that may or may not result in
personal injury, property damage, work
stoppage or interference or any
combination thereof, which arises out of
and in the course of employment.

Hazard - is any source of potential

damage, harm or adverse health effects
on something or someone under certain
conditions at work

Risk - is the chance or probability that a

person will be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if exposed to a
hazard

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Safety Engineering Management
SFTY100 REVIEWER
PROF: ENGR. GEOFFREY UDOKA NNADRI, Ph. D.

ensure the promotion of safety

& health in mines quarries,
metallurgical operations and
other enterprises. Called the
First Industrial Safety Law
1945 Commonwealth Act No. 696
was approved to include
safety in the installation &
operation of boilers and
pressure vessels.
1948 Philippines became a
member of ILO (International
Labor Organization)
1954 Enactment of RA No. 1054
SOURCES OF HAZARDS (Free Emergency Medical &
Dental Treatment Act)
 People 1959 The Safety Organization of the
 Equipment Philippines, Inc. (SOPI) was
 Materials organized
 Environment 1967 Proclamation No. 115-A –
Declaring Monthly Theme for
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE DEGREE OF Safety
RISK
Monthly Safety Theme
 How much a person is exposed to a
hazardous thing or condition,
 January – Cancer Prevention
 How the person is exposed (e.g.,
 February – Air Safety
breathing in a vapor, skin contact),
 March – Fire Safety
and
 April – Vacation Safety
 How severe are the effects under
 May – Road Safety
the conditions of exposure
 June – Sea Safety
 July – Disaster Management
PROGRESS OF SAFETY MOVEMENT
 August – Farm Safety
 September – Health and Sanitation
1903 Development of OSH in the  October – Industrial Safety
Philippines  November – Mine Safety
1908 Employer’s Liability Act was  December – Holiday Hazards and
instituted requiring employers Homes
to compensate workers who
were injured while performing 1970 The US Congress passed the
their job Occupational Safety and
1908 DOLE started as a small Health Act.
Bureau. 1974 Labor Code of the Philippines
1933 DOLE became a Department 1975 The World Safety Organization
on Dec. 8 was organized in the
1927 Workmen’s Compensation Act Philippines during the “World
No. 3428 was passed w/c Safety Congress” under the
provided payment of auspices of SOPI
damages by the employer for 1977 Prof Mauricio P. Ibasco -
illnesses, in addition to injury or Registered as a Safety
death due to employment) Engineer by California State
1936 Commonwealth Act No. 104 Board
was passed. The first legislation 1978 The “Occupational Safety and
that directly enjoined mgt. to Health Standards” in the

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Safety Engineering Management
SFTY100 REVIEWER
PROF: ENGR. GEOFFREY UDOKA NNADRI, Ph. D.

Philippines were approved by 2004 Department 54-07 ( New Labor

then Minister of Labor, Blas F. Standards Enforcement
Ople; upon recommendation Framework)and Department
by then Director, Bureau of Order 53-03 (guidelines in the
Labor Standards, Antonio M. Implementation of a Drug Free
Nuesa. Workplace Policy and
1988 Occupational Safety and Programs in the Private
Health Center inaugurated in Sector)was approved.
Quezon City 2004 MAPUA - Risk Control
1989 The “Occupational Safety and Development Center was
Health Standards” were Accredited as STO.
amended through the joint
efforts of the Bureau of PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY (PSA)
Working Conditions, the ILO SURVEY
Manila Office, and the labor,
management and INTEGRATED SURVEY ON LABOR AND
government sectors EMPLOYMENT (ISLE) – 2015/2016
1998 Tripartite Council on OSH in
Construction Industry was  Three Agents of Occupational
created. Injuries: Machines and Equipment,
1998 Department Order No 13 Materials and Objects, Hand Tools
(Implementing Guidelines in
the Implementation of OSH in
Construction Industry) was
issued.
1998 Memorandum Circular No .02
– Guidelines for Classifying
Hazardous & Non-Hazardous
Workplaces
1999 The Association of Safety
Practitioners in the Philippines
was organized
2000 MC No.01- Guidelines for the
 Agents of injuries in 1 out of every 4
Conduct of Work Environment
occupational injuries are machines
Assessment (WEA)
and equipment (26.9%) and
2000 MC No. 02 – Guidelines in the
materials/objects (25.7%)
Application of Workplace
 The top three agents from 17,859
Component of RA 8504known
occupational injuries in 2015 were
as “Phil. AIDS Prevention &
machines and equipment (26.9%);
Control Act of 1998
materials and objects (25.7%); and
2001 Amendments of OSHS Rules
hand tool These three agents of
1030, 1160, 1170,1180 and
occupational injuries were
New Rule 1240)
interchangeably the same top
2002 1st meeting/gathering of three causes of injuries
DOLE-BWC Accredited Safety  Only the share of hand tools as the
Training Testing Organization cause of occupational injuries for
2003 Organization of ATOP Inc. for workers dropped from 24.1% in 2013
OSH. Renamed as ASHTOP Inc. to 19.5% in 2015
in 2004  Industry-wise, occupational injuries
2003 Department Order No. 16 due to machines and equipment
amending Rule 1030 of the were more common in the
OSHS (Training and following industries: arts,
Accreditation of Personnel in entertainment and recreation
OSH) was approved.

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Safety Engineering Management
SFTY100 REVIEWER
PROF: ENGR. GEOFFREY UDOKA NNADRI, Ph. D.

(39.6%); manufacturing (35.6%) and 4. 1567 Philippus Aereolus

construction (33.3%) produced treatise on
 Injuries due to materials and objects the pulmonary
were more prevailing in mining and disease of workers
quarrying (50.8%); education 5. 1700 Bernardino Ramazzini
(38.4%); and water supply, “Discourse on the
sewerage, waste management Diseases of workers”
and remediation activities (36.5%) first thesis attempting
 About half of the occupational to prove the
injuries in professional, scientific and connections between
technical activities (50.0%) and occupation and
agriculture, forestry and fishing space
(43.2%) brought about by hand 6. 1730 Bejamin Franklin
tools. organized the first fire
fighting company in
WEEK 2: HISTORY OF SAFETY the United States as
well as detecting lead
“The Safety Manager needs to win the poisoning symptoms
approval of management” with Dr. Evans.
7. 1775 English doctors
1. From the Egyptians, discovered that
under the rule of chimney sweeps, who
Rameses II were exposed to coal
tar residues in their
daily work showed a
2. Created an industrial higher incidence of
medical service to cancer than did the
care for the workers. general population.
8. 1961 An accident at an
Required to bathe experimental nuclear
daily in the Nile. Sick reactor at a federal
workers were isolated. installation near Idaho
Falls, ID kills three
Recognized the workers. There were
hazards of breathing the first deaths in U.S.
fumes produced from nuclear reactor
melting silver and operations.
gold 9. 1970 National
Environmental Policy
3. Babylonians circa Act, (NEPA) was
2000 B.C. introduced signed.
the Code of 10. 1971 The first OSHA
Hammurabi. standards were
adopted to prove a
Code of Hammurabi - baseline for safety
contains clauses and health protection
dealing with injuries, in American
allowable fees for workplaces.
physicians, and 11. 1972 The Consumers
monetary damages Product
assessed against Safety Act (CPSA) was
those who injured signed into law.
others.

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Safety Engineering Management
SFTY100 REVIEWER
PROF: ENGR. GEOFFREY UDOKA NNADRI, Ph. D.

The industry began to realize the following: -Flammable

materials
 Improved engineering could -Smoking
prevent accidents. 2. Electrical Hazard -Powering up new
 Employees were willing to learn and tools
accept safety rules. -Un-grounded
 Safety rules could be established ad equipment
enforced. -Improper
 Financial savings from safety electrical wiring
improvement could be reaped by -Use of ESD shoes
savings in compensation and 3. Mechanical -Moving parts of an
medical bills. Hazard equipment.
-Robot arm,
Where do you look for standards? shredding tool,
gears, belts, etc.
a. Occupational Safety and Health 4. Chemical -Contact with
Administration – International Hazard strong acids and
b. Occupational Safety and Health bases
Center, DOLE - Local -Inhalation of
corrosive fumes
Local Statistics -Hydrofluoric acid
-POCI3
5. Noise Hazard -Prolonged
exposure to noise >
90 decibels.
6. Slips, Trips, and -Holding the
Falls handrail when
climbing the stairs.
-Use of proper
harnessing
equipment
-Poor
housekeeping.
7. Ergonomics -Proper desk height
-Proper seat design
-Prolonged
standing
8. Bullying and Harassment in the
workplace

Basic Hazard Prevention

1. Personal -For protection

Protective against chemical
Equipment (PPE) spills/splashes,falling
objects, punctures,
BASIC SAFETY poor visibility, eye
irritation.
Classification of Hazards 2. Lockout –Tagout -Used to control
(LOTO) hazardous energies
1. Fire Hazard -Welding, drilling specially during
works maintenance
activities.

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Safety Engineering Management
SFTY100 REVIEWER
PROF: ENGR. GEOFFREY UDOKA NNADRI, Ph. D.

-Energy source is They shall be entitled to security of

locked-out by the tenure, humane conditions of work,
person doing and a living wage.
maintenance work
to prevent Labor Code of the Phils.
someone else from
unconsciously/acci Law: P.D. 442, Book IV, Titles I and II
dentally turning it Title: Labor Code of the Philippines
on while he/she is Year Passed: 1974
still in contact with Implementing Agency: DOLE
it.
3. Machine -To prevent contact Content: Revised and consolidated labor
Guarding with mechanical and social laws to afford full protection to
hazards/moving labor, promote employment and human
parts of an resources development and ensure
equipment active industrial peace based on social justice.
during
manufacturing/ Article 162 – The Secretary of labor shall by
work hours. appropriate order set and enforce
4. Emergency -Directly connected mandatory OSH Standards to eliminate or
Machine Off (EMO) to the main power reduce OSH hazards in all workplaces and
breaker of the institute new and update existing programs
machine to ensure safe and healthful working
-For quick shutdown conditions in all place of employment.
of hazardous
equipment in case Occupational Safety and Health Standards
of emergency. (OSHS)
-If machine is long,
required to be Law: Rules and Implementing Act 162, Book
present every some IV, Title I, P.D. 442
feet. Title: Occupational Safety and Health
-Usually, has to be Standards (OSHS)
unlocked with a key Year Passed: 1978
before it can be Relevant Provision/s: Rule 1000 to Rule 1980
reset. Implementing Agency: DOLE
5. Inspection-based approaches:
a. Hot-Work Permit – Normally this A set of mandatory OSH standards which
includes checking if a fire codifies all safety orders being enforced
extinguisher is around and if area is prior to its promulgation.
rid of flammable materials. It contains administrative requirements,
b. Plenum Work Permit – These are general safety and health rules, technical
checklists of activities/items that safety regulations, and other measures to
need to be completed/checked eliminate or reduce OSH hazards in the
before conducting a hazardous workplace.
activity
Purpose:
WEEK 3: OSH LEGISLATION - To protect every working man
against the dangers of injury,
Philippine Constitution sickness or death through safe and
healthful working conditions
Article XIII Section 3 of Phil. Constitution - Shall apply to all places of
The state shall afford full protection employment except land, sea and
to labor, … air transportation and safety in
Mines

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Safety Engineering Management
SFTY100 REVIEWER
PROF: ENGR. GEOFFREY UDOKA NNADRI, Ph. D.

Organizations Involved in OSH • Labor inspectors also disseminate

information, advocate and give
1. Employees Compensation Commission technical assistance on OSH.
*2 types of OSH Inspection
• The ECC is responsible for initiating, Organizations Involved in OSH
rationalizing and coordinating the
policies on employees’ 1. Technical Safety Inspection
compensation programs as well as
deciding appealed cases from the - Inspection for the purpose of safety
GSIS and SSS, the agencies which determination of boilers, pressure
initially administer the employee’s vessels, internal combustion
compensation program in the engines, electrical installations,
public and private sector. elevators, hosting equipment and
other mechanical equipment
2. Occupational Safety and Health Center
2. General Safety and Health Inspection
• Undertakes continuing studies and
researches on OSH - Refers to inspection of work
• Plans, develops and implements environment, adequacy of work
training programs on OSH space, ventilation, lighting,
Undertakes practical testing for safe handling, storage or work
use and sets standard procedures, protection facilities,
specifications of PPEs location and operation of
• Monitor workers’ exposure to machinery other than those
hazardous substance and covered by technical safety
environmental conditions inspection and other safety and
health hazards in the workplace.
3. Bureau of Working Conditions
Safety and Health in Construction
• The BWC performs primarily policy
and program development and  Rule 1 1410 of the OSHS and Do 13,
advisory functions in the series 1998 provide requirements for
administration and enforcement of keeping and maintain a safe
laws relating to working conditions. worksite
• It oversee the implementation of
standards through technical Examples:
supervision of enforcement by the
DOLE’s 15 Regional Offices all over 1. Health and Safety Committee
the country to plan, develop, implement
• Implements laws, policies, plans, worksite programs on OSH
programs, projects, rules and approved by DOLE-BWC
regulations of the DOLE. 2. Approved Personal Protective
Equipment
Enforcement of OSH Law 3. Trained or accredited OSH
personnel
• The OSH laws are enforced and 4. Other administrative and
monitored by the ROs through its technical safety and health
LSED (Labor Standards Enforcement requirements
Division) manned by labor
inspectors vested with vistorial and Rule 1030 – Training and Accreditation of
enforcement power under Article Personnel in OSH
128.
 Mandates the BWC to conduct
training program on OSH directly or

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Safety Engineering Management
SFTY100 REVIEWER
PROF: ENGR. GEOFFREY UDOKA NNADRI, Ph. D.

through accredited Safety Training

Organization
 Require the employer to appoint a
safety officer. The training course
prescribed by the BWC shall be
requisite for the appointment of the
safety officer in the place of
employment
 All full-time safety officers must meet
the requirement of duly-accredited
Safety Practitioner or Safety
Consultants by the Bureau

Requirements in the Practice of OSH

 Completion of the Bureau

Prescribed Training Course on OSH
conducted by DOLE Accredited
Safety Training Organization
 BWC Accreditation as OSH
practitioner/consultant

Every employer shall take steps to train a

sufficient number of supervisors or
technical personnel in occupational safety
and health

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