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A conjunction is a word which joins two or more than two letters, words, phrases and clauses.
Example:
He doesn't smoke or drink. That is neither interesting nor true.
She plays both tennis and badminton. I went to bed because I was tired.
Give me a cup of tea or coffee. As soon as I knew, I told him.
He is not only my friend but also my mentor. You will not pass unless you labour hard.

There are two kinds of Conjunction

1. Co-ordinating Conjunction: Also known as co-ordinators. These conjunctions co-ordinate or join two or
more than two letters, words, phrases and clauses.
They are: and, both … and, not only … but also, either … or, neither … nor, as well as, but, or, nor, otherwise,
yet, for, therefore, so, only (but, except that).
Example:
He is the student who lives in Patna and whose I play both the piano and the violin.
beloved lives in Mumbai. He is in either London or Newyork.
She was poor but she was happy. We go there not only in winter but also in summer.
Would you like tea or coffee?
There are four kinds of Co-ordinating Conjunction
(a) Cumulative or Copulative Conjunction: tc gesa nks lkekU; Hkko okys okD;ksa ;k rF;ksa dks tksM+uk gksrk
gS rks ,slh fLFkfr esa ge Cumulative or Compulative Conjunction dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA
They are: and, both … and, as well as, not only … but also
Example:
He lives in both Prayagraj and Satna. He was not only foolish but also obstinate.
Raman as well as Ajit was present there. God made the country and man made the town.
(b) Adversative Conjunction: tc gesa nks fojks/kh Hkkoksa okys okD;ksa dks tksM+uk gksrk gS rks ,sls okD;ksa esa ge
Adversative Conjunction dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA
They are: but, yet
Example:
They were poor but they were happy. It was early yet we were all ready for bed after our
long hike.
(c) Alternative/Disjunctive Conjunction: tc gesa nks ,sls okD;ksa dks tksM+uk gksrk gS ftuesa fodYi Hkko
O;Dr gksrk gS rks ,slh fLFkfr esa ge Alternative Conjunction dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA
They are: or, nor, otherwise, either … or, neither … nor.
Example:
I neither smoke nor drink. Either he or she can do this work.
Work hard or you will fail. Our main need is not food or money. It is education.
(d) Illative Conjunction: tc gesa nks ,sls okD;ksa dks tksM+uk gksrk gS ftuesa ,d ls dkj.k rFkk nwljs ls ifj.kke dk
Hkko O;Dr gksrk gS ,slh fLFkfr esa ge mu okD;ksa dks tksM+us ds fy, Illative Conjunction dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA
They are: for, therefore, so.
Example:
Mohan could not go to the picnic for his mother was I reached the station late so I missed the train.
not well. Mr. Gupta is ill therefore he has not come.
He will pass for he works hard.
2. Sub-ordinating Conjunction: Also known as sub-ordinators. These conjunctions joined dependent
clauses to independent clauses.
They are: if, as if, as through, if only, when, though, although, even though, after, before, unless, until, till, as
soon as, as long as, so long as, as, since, because, that, whether, lest, in case, so that, interrogative word, even if,
no sooner......than, hardly/scarcely.… .when, provided (that), in order that, so.….that, too.….to, as.….as, so.….as

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Example:
Hardly had I reached the airport when I learnt about Unless you listen to his advice, I am not going to help
the powerful bomb explosion. you.
No sooner did the sun rise than we took a hasty Work hard lest you should fail.
breakfast and resumed the journey. We eat that we may live.
Though she was sick yet she went to work. As soon as I reach Rewa, I shall inform you.
He looks as if he were tired.
Some Important Rules
Rule 1: Let's solve them (lest)
Walk carefully lest you should stumble. Walk carefully lest you should not fall down.
Work hard lest you will fail. Hurry up lest you should absent your class.
I have brought documents to attest to its truth lest Run with care lest you should fall.
anyone may doubt my story. He ran fast lest he should not miss the train.
He worked hard lest he should fail. Do take an umbrella with you lest you do not get wet.

Lest dk vFkZ gksrk gS & May not happen ¼dgha ,slk u gks fd½
(1) blds ckn okyh Clause esa not rFkk never dk iz;ksx ugha djrs gSaA
(2) lest ds ckn okyh Clause esa modal auxiliary verb 'should' dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA

Note: Let's solve them

Help him lest he fails. He fled the country lest he should be arrested for his
Work hard lest she fails. misdeeds.
Take care lest you fall. The thief ran away lest he should be caught.
He gripped his brother's arm lest he should not be He was advised to be more cautious lest he is robbed
trampled by the mob. again.

Lest ds ckn should dks gVk Hkh ldrs gSa ysfdu /;ku jgs fd Subject singular gksus ij verb ds lkFk s/es ugha
yxsxkA

Rule 2: Let's solve them (or else/otherwise)

Run fast or else you should miss the train. Labour hard otherwise you will fail.
Run carefully or else you will fall. I'll work hard otherwise I will fail.
Don't walk on the slippery place or else you will not
slip.

Or else/otherwise dk vFkZ gksrk gS & u gh] ojukA
(1) Or else/othewise ds ckn okyh clause esa no/not/never dk iz;ksx ugha djrs gSaA
(2) Or else/othewise ds ckn okyh clause esa modal auxiliary verb "will/shall" dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA

Rule 3: Let's solve them (No sooner…........than)

No sooner did I open the door when the rain, heavy No sooner did the jeep arrive at the station than a
and stormy, rushed in making us shiver from head to young police officer jumped out of it.
foot. No sooner the teacher entered the class than the
No sooner did the sun rise when we took a hasty pupils stopped talking.
breakfast and resumed the journey. The umpire no sooner gave the batsman out then the
The chief guest no sooner climbed up to the dais then crowd rushed in the field.
the bomb exploded. So sooner he reached home than all the villagers
No sooner she went in than he came out. gathered at his home to listen to his story.
No sooner did the chairman began speaking, some No sooner did the teacher entered the class when the
participants started shouting slogans. students stood up.

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 No sooner did he saw his father than he stopped No sooner did he find any solution to the problem
smoking. when another problem appeared.
No sooner I reached the station then the train No sooner I saw the tiger then I ran away.
departed. No sooner he had returned home then his mother felt
happy.

No sooner…than dk vFkZ gksrk gS & T;ksa gh…R;ksa ghA
(1) No sooner ds ckn than dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA
(2) No Sooner okD; ds izkjaHk esa vk;s rks inversion (Putting the verb before the subject without question mark) gksrk gSA
(3) No Sooner ds lkFk Past indefinite tense dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA

Rule 4: Let's solve them (hardly/scarcely..........…when)

Hardly had I reached the airport where I learnt about Hardly had he went out of the class when a mob of
the powerful bomb explosion. angry students attacked him.
Scarcely had he left when his friend came. Hardly he had gone out of the office that the
I had hardly finished writing the letter before Anil telephone bell rang.
arrived. Hardly had I reached the exbition when I learnt about
Hardly had the children left the school than it began the major robbery.
to rain. Scarcely had we completed our work when it began
He had scarcely entered the room than the phone to rain.
rang. Hardly did the terrorist entered the border than the
Hardly he had arrived when the house caught fire and soldier shot him.
everything was reduced to ashes.
Hardly did I left the class than the children made a noise.

Hardly/scarcely…when dk vFkZ gksrk gS & eqf'dy ls … fdA
(1) Hardly/scarcely ds ckn conjunction 'when' dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA
(2) Hardly/scarcely okD; ds izkjaHk esa vk;s rks inversion gksrk gSA
(3) Hardly/scarcely ds lkFk Past perfect tense dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA

Rule 5: Let's solve them (Since as a conjunction)

Ten years have passed since his father died. I have never seen him since his father died.
Two years have elapsed since he had fallen asleep. It is eight years since I passed my examination.
It is long since I last saw you. How long is it since we last went to the theatre?
I have not played cricket since I have left college. Cath hasn't phoned since she went to Berlin.
Ever since the government announced its new policy, Since I came here, five years have passed.
the private institution had run into bad weather. Traffic in the town has dropped off since the bypass
It is ten years since I have begun living here. opened.
I have not written any letter to him since my father More than twenty years have passed since I had my
had died. first flight.
Ten years have passed when I have come here.

(a) Since dk iz;ksx conjunction ds #i esa ^ftl le; ls@tc ls …rc ls* ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA Since ds ckn
okyh clause dks past indefinite tense esa j[krs gSa tcfd Since ds igys iz;qDr clause dks Present Perfect Tense esa
cukrs gS rFkk dk;Z djus ds le; dk cks/k gksrk gSA

(b) ;fn okD; esa It is ds lkFk Period of time dk iz;ksx gks rFkk nwljh clause dk iz;ksx since ds i'pkr~ gks rks bl
clause dks lnSo Past indefinite tense esa j[krs gSaA

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Note: Let's solve them
He has been writing novels ever since he became a What were you doing ever since I last saw you?
graduate. He may have aged since I last saw him.
My mother has been walking in the park every day
since we moved into this area.
Rule 6: Let's solve them (since/as)
Because he is ill, he can't go to school. Since it was his first election campaign, the candidate
For she is ill, she does not come to attend the class. was confused; none could clearly understand either
Because you are unable to pay the fees, your name the principles he stood for or the benefits he
will be struck off from the college register. promised.

Since/as dk iz;ksx okD; ds izkjaHk esa dkj.k crkus ds fy, djrs gS tc audience ¼Jksrk½ vFkok reader ¼ikBd½ dks
dkj.k dk irk igys ls gksA bl ifjfLFkfr esa as/since dh txg because/for dk iz;ksx ugha djrs gSaA

Note: Let's solve them

Now that she is living in her own flat, she cleans the Seeing that/now that he is weak, he can't run.
windows twice a week in the summer and once a
week in the winter.

Seeing that/now that dk iz;ksx Hkh dkj.k dks crkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA
Rule 7: Let's solve them (because)
Vipul was unhappy because he could not attend the Because he had been ill for two months, he lost his
marriage of his friend yesterday. job.
Sumit is not present in the class because he is ill.

Because dk iz;ksx ^iz/kku dkj.k (for the reason that)* ds Hkko dks vfHkO;Dr djus ds fy, ^D;ksafd* ds vFkZ esa gksrk
gSA Because dh txg for, since rFkk as dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk gSA Because ds ek/;e ls Audience ;k reader dks ,slh
tkudkjh feyrh gSA tks mls irk ugha FkkA
Rule 8: Let's solve them (for as a conjunction)
Mohan could not go to the picnic for his mother was I go to the park every Sunday for I love to watch the
not well. ducks on the lake.
The passengers decided to stop the bus and drink I believed her for surely she would not lie to me.
water for they were feeling thirsty. He failed in the examination for he was ill.
We listened eagerly for he brought news of our Tom is very tired for he has been playing since
families. morning.

For dk iz;ksx some additional information ds fy, gksrk gS u fd because, since rFkk as dkA igys clause esa tks
ckr dgh tkrh gS bldk dqN dkj.k gksrk gS ml dkj.k dks for ls tksM+dj nwljs clause dks crk;k tkrk gSA
For (old fashioned or literary) is used to introduce the reason for sth mentioned in the previous statement.
Rule 9: Let's solve them (as/because/since)
Because he is physically strong, therefore he was Because he disobeyed the law, he was punished.
selected for the school boxing team. As he was slow, he could not achieve it.
Because he did not work, he failed. Because he came late, therefore/so he failed to see
Because I didn't complain therefore people think I'm me.
satisfied. Because he transgressed the law, so he will be
As he is rich, so he spends lavishly. punished.
Since he was tardy, thus he was rebuked. As he is a perfectionist, so he always insists on
As she is ill, so she will not attend the class. regular practice.

tc dksbZ clause as/because/since (conjunction of reason) ls izkjaHk gks] rks ckn okyh clause ds lkFk
so/therefore/thus/hence dk iz;ksx ugha djrs gSaA

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/;ku nsa :
Because/for/since ;s rhuksa gh 'kCn dkj.k crkrs gSA iz;ksx esa vUrj ;g gS fd because esa lcls vf/kd force, for esa
lcls de rFkk since nksuksa ds chp esa vkrk gSA
Rule 10: Let's solve them (The reason/the reason why .......…that)
The reason for his failure is because he did not work The reason why he comes late is because he has no
hard. bicycle.
The reason why he could not do the work was The reason why she is absent is because she is ill.
because he had to attend to his mother who was ill. The reason is because he did not study seriously.
This is the reason due to he is not appearing at the This is the reason due to he is not working properly.
examination. The reason why I don't love her is due to she has
The reason we have not been able to pay income tax betrayed my friend.
is due to the fact that we did not receive pay on time. The reason why he was rejected was because he was
too young.

;fn okD; esa the reason ;k the reason why dk iz;ksx gksrk gS rks blds ckn vkjEHk gksus okyh clause esa
conjunction 'that' dk iz;ksx djrs gSA due to ;k because dk ughaA

Rule 11: Let's solve them (doubt/doubtful)

There is no doubt whether the majority of workers are He is not doubtful whether his brother will finish his
in favour of the proposal. home work.
He doubts that Manisha will marry him. It is doubtful if this painting is a Picasso.
I doubt that he will come. I never doubted that she would come.
I have not any doubt if the publisher will cheat me. The officer was doubtful if some of the clerks of his
Are you doubtful that Sujit is guilty. office were involved in bribery.
It is doubtful that he will come. They doubt that he will win the race.

If doubt/doubtful is in affirmative sentence, we use if/whether before second clause but if doubt/doubtful is in
negative and interrogative sentence, we use that before second clause.
Rule 12: Let's solve them (seldom or never/seldom if ever)
He seldom or ever comes here. Seldom or ever have I turned a beggar away without
Seldom if never have I hurt you. giving him some alms.
The national network seldom or never telecasts good I seldom if ever have time to relax.
programmes. People seldom or never brought silk garments a few
She seldom if ever goes to the theatre. years ago.
Seldom or ever he comes here. He seldom if never reads a book.
Seldom if never have they beaten him.

Seldom if ever/seldom or never ('kk;n gh almost never) dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA Seldom rFkk ever ds chp esa or
vkSj Seldom rFkk never ds chp esa if tksM+dj problem fn;k tkrk gSA
Rule 13: Let's solve them (nothing else but)
The downfall of this kind is to be attributed to I don't want anything else but respect and love.
nothing else than pride. It is nothing else but vanity.
She does nothing else than laugh at others. He wants nothing else but to go to bed.

Else dk iz;ksx lkekU;r% vU;] ijUrq] ugha rks] vU;Fkk ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA blds ckn ges'kk but vkrk gS than ughaA
Rule 14: Let's solve them (though/although/even though.........yet/comma)
Though it was difficult but he did it. Though he is suffering much pain yet he does not
Although the bicycle was expensive, she decided to complain.
buy it. Although the country is progressing, the corruption
Although he is rich but he is dishonest. has not reduced.
Though he is poor but he is honest. Although I was feeling sleepy, I went out with
Even though the shirt is rather expensive but I wish to friends.
purchase it with my own money. Although I am single, I am not ready to marry yet.
Though she was sick but she went to work. Though I am lazy, I take a bath every day.
Although he is lame yet he can run fast. Though he look tough on the outside, he is very kind
Although he was very bad-tempered, everybody liked on the inside.
him. though it was a major accident, I didn't get any injury.
Ever though I eat very little, I am getting fat.
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Though/although/even though ds ckn nwljh clause ls igys yet/comma dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] but dk ughaA
This conjunction is generally used to express two contrasting qualities or actions, of a person. It cannot to be used
to show two similar qualities or actions of a person.

Rule 15: Let's solve them (both...and, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also)
Be smart not only in dress and also in action. Neither he nor his father is interested in joining the
Neither the famine or the subsequent fire was able to party.
destroy the spirit of the people. He will either do the work else return the money.
How do you say that neither he or Ravi has qualified He is going to open both a hospital as well as an inn.
in the examination? Either you nor your teacher was present in the class.
He visited not only Agra but also Delhi. Neither the doctor or his assistants were asleep when
Neither did he accept the punishment or apologized the phone rang up.
for his mistake. You must either inform the police not be prepared to
Either pay rent or vacate the house. suffer any loss.
He speaks not only Tamil but Telugu as well. Both Hari as well as his wife are determined to bring
We have helped them not only with money but also about some changes in the plan.
with new machinery and raw material.

Either ds ckn or, Neither ds ckn nor, not only ds ckn but also rFkk both ds ckn and dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] bUgs
co-relative conjunctions dgrs gSaA

;kn j[ksa :
(1) We use either……or to talk about a choice between two or more possibilities.
Example:
You can either come with me now or walk home.
If you want ice-cream, there is either raspberry or lemon or vanilla.
(2) We use neither……nor to talk about a choice between two or more possibilities.
Example:
I neither smoke nor drink. These workers are neither honest nor laborious nor
The film was neither well made not well acted. intelligent.
He neither smiled nor spoke nor looked at me.
(3) Both…and - we often balance this structure so that the same kind of words or expressions follow both.....and.
Example:
She is both pretty and clever. She both dances and sings.
(4) The expression not only … but also can go immediately before the words or expressions that they modify.
Example:
The place was not only cold but also damp.
She not only sings like an angel but also dances divinely.
Note 1: Let's solve them
You must either tell me the whole story or, at least, He has not only built this big theatre but he also built
the first half of it. a few bungalows in this city.
He was not only involved in her kidnapping but also He not only comes here for shopping but also for
in her murder. having a glimpse of the extremely beautiful sales girl.
Not only did he criticize the party's policies but also Sonu was not only sympathetic to the rich patients
the leader's personal matters. but also to the poor ones.
Not only did he invite his relatives but also all his I spoke both to the Director and her secretary.
friends and colleagues. He not only has lost his ticket but also his luggage.
Not only she wrote the text but also selected the Your results depend not only on how much you have
illustrations. studied but also on how long you have read.
He was not only accused but also convicted. I both play the piano and the violin.

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 You can take either tea or coffee. We go there not only in winter but also in summer.
He is either in London or in New York. He not only is good but also intelligent.
Either you'll leave this house or I'll call the police.

Either…or, neither …nor, not only…but also rFkk both…and esa ckn okys part ds ckn tks parts of speech gksxk
ogh igys okys part ds ckn Hkh parts of speech gksxkA
Note 2: Let's solve them
She is not either tall nor beautiful. He is not either intelligent or wise.

Not either ds ckn ges'kk or dk iz;ksx gksrk gS nor dk ughaA
Rule 16: Let's solve them (no/not/never)
I have never seen him not heard about him. He does not smoke nor drink.
I have not met him nor invited him. Never in all my life have I seen nor dreamt such a
Never fear or loss your courage. horrible thing.
I have never spoken to him nor written to him. He did not see nor talk to me last week.

Not/never/no ds ckn or dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] nor dk ughaA
Rule 17: Let's solve them (unless/until)
He lay unconscious for half an hour until he was seen You cannot do well until you prepare yourself.
by a passing motorist. He will not go there unless it stops raining.
You don't get in until you buy a ticket. They cannot apply until they are postgraduate.
I don't pick phone in office unless it is urgent. I cannot allow you to go out of the class unless the
I shall not go until I am invited. teacher comes and gives me some instructions.
His father won't be able to leave for Varanasi until I can find a match for you unless you have someone
they arrive. in sight.
We shall fail unless we are industrious. I keep my phone silent until I reach home.
Until the rain stopped, the play had to be suspended. I will not talk to you until and unless you say sorry.
We waited at the bus stop until the bus came. I will not marry until I buy a house.
Let's wait until the rain stops. I can't go to work unless I get well.
You cannot succeed until you work hard. You won't get this chocolate unless you finish the
Mukesh will not prepare food until Susheel comes. food.
Unless you work hard, you will not get a good job.
Wait unless I come back.

Unless ¼;fn ugha½ dk iz;ksx 'krZ crkus ds fy, djrs gSa tcfd until ¼tc rd ugha½ dk iz;ksx le; crkus ds fy,
djrs gSaA

Note 1: Let's solve them

To make him succeed, the correct thing to do is to The old woman has had the best medical facilities
punish him until he does not try. available but she will not be cured unless she does not
Wait here until I do not return. have a strong desire to live.
Let us eat Chinese today unless you don't want to eat The management committee has requested me not to
something else. take any action unless and until I don't see all the
Unless he does not return all the library books, he documents.
will not be relieved from the service. Unless you do not listen to his advice, I am not going
to help you.

Unless rFkk until Lo;a vius vki esa negative sense j[krs gSa vr% buds ckn okyh clause esa not dk iz;ksx ugha
djuk pkfg,A
Note 2: Let's solve them
Boys are usually dependent on their parents till they I will not go till he arrives.
earn enough money to support themselves. Wait here until/till the doctor calls you.

Until dh txg ge till Hkh yxk ldrs gSA
Rule 18: Let's solve them (so that/in order that)
Let us take a taxi so that we may reach the station in We threw out some old furniture so that the new
time. television set might have enough space.
Mrs. Drankmanton went to Dublin because she might Your elder brother worked hard so than he might
see Mrs. Roy. succeed in the examination.
I shall go by car because I can take more luggage.

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 The notice was published in order that all might know She laboured hard so that she could get good marks.
the facts.

'So that' and 'in order that' are used to talk about purpose. We often use them with modal verbs, 'so that' is
more common than 'in order that'.
Rule 19: Let's solve them (the same.........that/as)
This is the same book as was lying on the table. This is the same cow as was gracing in the field.
This is the same man who helped me. This is the same book which was missing.
This is the same house that was burgled last night. This is the same girl that cheated me yesterday.
This is the same who came yesterday. This is the same pen than I wanted.

The same ds ckn tc verb Li"V gks rks that dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA The same ds ckn who/whom/which ds LFkku
ij that dk gha iz;ksx djrs gSaA
Note: Let's solve them
This is the same dog that mine. She goes to the same school as her sister.
Delhi has not the same climate as Shimla. That is same pen that yours.

The same ds ckn tc verb Li"V u gks rks as dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA
Rule 20: Let's solve them (as......as/so......as)
She did not run so quickly as her sister. He is so intelligent as she.
Birds do not fly as fast as airplane. Karina is as tall as Madhuri.
I am not so tall as you. Lata's elder sister is not so beautiful as you say.
I am so clever as he. Mohan is not so tall as his brother.
This book is as good as that.

As…as dk iz;ksx ^bruk…ftruk* vFkok ^mruk…ftruk* ds vFkZ esa Affirmative vkSj negative sentence esa gksrk gS
tcfd so…as dk iz;ksx ^bruk…ftruk* vFkok ^mruk…ftruk* ds vFkZ esa Negative sentence esa gksrk gSA ¼tc verb
Li"V u gksA

As…as dk iz;ksx Affirmative esa nks O;fDr;ksa vkSj oLrqvksa ds chp xq.k dh lekurk ds fy, gksrk gSA

As....as/so...as dk Hkh iz;ksx Negative Sentence esa nks O;fDr;ksa ;k oLrqvksa ds chp xq.k dh vlekurk crkus ds
fy, gksrk gSA

Note:
(A) dqN okD;ksa esa la[;k dh rqyuk dh tkrh gSa vkSj lekurk dk cks/k gksrk gSA
Sita has as many sons as Radha. (lhrk ds mrus iq= gS ftrus jk/kk dsA)

(B) dqN okD;ksa esa ek=k (Quantity) dh rqyuk dh tkrh gS vkSj lekurk dk cks/k gksrk gSA
Ram has as much milk as Shyam. (jke ds ikl mruk nw/k gS ftruk ';ke dsA)

Rule 21: Let's solve them (so......that)

Sunita was so popular with her classmates that she Gopal was so sad as he was unable to enjoy the party.
always had or the other coming to her house. The stick is so hard that I cannot bend it.
It is so heavy that I cannot lift it. He ran so fast that he won the race.
He is so weak as he cannot run fast. H is so kind that he can help all.
He is so honest that he will not accept a bribe. He is so week that he can't stand.
He is so handsome as every girl will be ready to The question is so easy that I can solve it quickly.
marry him.

So…that dk iz;ksx ^bruk…fd* ds vFkZ esa affirmative vkSj negative sentence esa gskrk gS tc verb Li"V gksA
blesa First Part es dk;Z gksus ds dkj.k dk cks/k gksrk gS rFkk second part esa mldk ifj.kke
(result/consequence/conclusion) dk cks/k gksrk gSA

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Rule 22: Let's solve them (such......that/as)
There was such a noise that we could not hear It is such a book that everyone likes it.
ourselves. He played such a role that everyone praised him.
It was such a cold night that stopped writing. Such was her beauty that everybody loved her.
Such was her behaviour that everyone disliked her. Raj wrote such a letter that his father got heart attack.
He was such a good personality that everyone is impressed with him.

Such…that dk vFkZ gksrk gS & ^,slk------fd] ,slh------fd*A bldk iz;ksx rHkh gksrk gS tc such okyk clause esa dkj.k
(cause) rFkk that okyk clause esa ifj.kke (result/conclusion) gksA
Note: Let's solve them
Such was her behaviour that has been expected. She is not such a woman as you admire.

Such…as dk vFkZ gksrk gS & ^tSlk------fd*A bldk iz;ksx ge lk/kkj.k vFkZ esa djrs gSaA

Rule 23: Let's solve them (difference between so......that and such......that)
He is so handsome man that people turn round to look He is such handsome that every girl will be ready to
at him. marry him.
The winter was such severe that even water in the He is such weak that he cannot walk.
taps was frozen. There was such a noise that we could not hear
It was so a cold night that I stopped writing. ourselves.
He is such poor that he cannot buy books.

Rule 24: Let's solve them (whether......or)

Whether he works or not he will be promoted. Whether we go by bus or train, it will take at least six
I don't know that he will come or not. hours.
She don't know whether I am ill if not. You must do it whether you like it or not.
The boy doesn't know whether he will pass the exam Although the school lunch passed the legal standards,
or not. ........ or not it is healthy is debatable.
I will do not whether you like it or not. (a) weather (b) if (c) whether (d) either
He seemed undecided that to go or to stay. The ticket will cost the same, whether we will buy it
now or wait till later.

whether…or dk iz;ksx ^fd…;k* ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA blds iz;ksx ds Øe esa whether ds cnys ges'kk that ;k if
dk iz;ksx dj problem fn;k tkrk gSA okD; ds vU; Hkkx esa or ds iz;ksx dks en~nsutj j[krs gq, vki ns[ks fd okD;
Balanced gS ;k ughaA
Rule 25: Let's solve them (as/like)
Ramesh is as good as him. He looks like I.
He works as his father does. He asked me to do like he had done.
She sings as her mother does. I don't love a student like he.
Your cousin looks as him.

Like dk iz;ksx ^ds leku* ;k ^tSlk fd* ds vFkZ esa preposition ds #i esa djrs gSa tcfd as dk iz;ksx conjunction
ds #i esa djrs gSaA as ds ckn pronoun dk subjective case rFkk like ds ckn pronoun dk objective case iz;ksx djrs
gSaA

Rule 26: Let's solve them (as if/as though)

She talks as if she were a queen. His voice was rough and gravelly as though his throat
He talks to me as though he had lived in England. had suffered an injury.
She looked at me as if she wanted to say something. He behaves as if he were a king.
You speak as though you knew me.

As if/as though dk vFkZ gS&suppose vFkkZr~ eku yhft,@ekuksA ;s nksuksa dYiuk vFkok 'krZ cks/kd expressions gS]
blfy, buds ckn past conditional tense iz;ksx djuk pkfg,& Present ;k future tense dk ughaA

Susheel Sir AN ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution 10

Rule 27: Let's solve them (that)
Ram told Shyam if he had seen a picture that day. He exclaimed with sorrow as he was ruined.
He told me he would help me. He blessed I might live long.

That dk iz;ksx ^fd* ds vFkZ esa conjunction ds #i esa Indirect speech esa Reported Speech ds igys assertive,
optative vkSj exclamatory sentence esa gksrk gSaA
Rule 28: Let's solve them (Interrogative words as conjunction)
Can you tell me that why you did not speak the truth. The teacher asked the intruder who was he and why
His colleagues could not tell me that why did he not was he occupying his chair.
come to office yesterday. I don't understand that how you think of going to
He asked that what the time was. Kashmir in winter.
He asked me that why I was happy. He is a man that whose opinion I respect.
The inspector asked the burglar that where he had I asked him that why he is so lazy.
hidden the booty. My mother asked him when would I have a glass of
Newton wanted to know why did the apple fall to the milk.
ground. The assistant was asked that why he was generally
Asking me why was i absent, I was punished by the late.
head master. I don't know that when he will come.
Can you tell me what time is it? I asked him that why he is so lazy.
They asked me that how I got time to write all these She doesn't know that where Mohan lives.
books.

how/why/when/where/who/whom/what/which/whose/how many/how much ls vkjaHk gksus okys clause esa that
ugha yxkrs gSaA

Rule 29: Let's solve them (so /therefore — Purpose)

I am sick therefore I cannot attend the class. John is suffering from fever so he cannot attend the
Tom is very good boy therefore I like him. class.
He did not work hard therefore he failed in the Write down the address so we don't forget it.
examination. He was guilty so he was punished.

So rFkk therefore dk iz;ksx conjunction ds #i esa ^blfy,] ifj.kkeLo#i* ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA
tc igys okys clause esa dksbZ dk;Z ;k dkj.k ,slk gksrk gS] ftldk dqN ifj.kke fudyrk gS vkSj og ifj.kke nwljs
clause esa jgrk gS rks bl izdkj ds clauses dks so/therefore ls tksM+rs gSaA ;g okD; ds chp esa iz;ksx gksrk gSA
So/therefore indicates effect or result or consequence. They also expresse 'purpose' in a sentence.
Rule 30: Let's solve them (or — choices)
Would you like tea or coffee? Is it a boy or a girl?
What do you like, banana or mango? It can be black, white or grey.
Do you travel by bus or train? You can write in ink or in pencil.
Do you want pasta or rice? You can have tea or coffee.

Or (vFkok) dk iz;ksx dbZ fodYiksa esa ls ,d dk pquko djus ds fy, djrs gSaA In other words, or presents an
alternative or a choice.
Note: Let's solve them
He doesn't smoke and drink. He can't read or write.

After a negative verb, we use or, not and.
Compare: Let's solve them
We were not comfortable or happy. She wasn't angry or upset.
We were uncomfortable and unhappy.

But 'or' does not join negative adjectives and adverbs in this condition we use 'and'.

Susheel Sir AN ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution 11

Rule 31: Let's solve them (nor)
He gave him no money nor he did help them in any They did not look at him nor did they talk to him.
way. The wife did not cry nor did she shed teans.
It was not his fault nor was it mine. You do not take food not you eat fruits.

Nor (u gh) dk iz;ksx nks Negative polarity okys clauses dks tksM+us ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA nwljs okys clause esa
ftlds iwoZ nor vkrk gS ml clause dk inversion dj fn;k tkrk gSA
Rule 32: Let's solve them (and — Similar ideas)
Mohan and Sohan bought a new shirt. You need to go home and have a good rest.
He worked very hard and got a first division. You could have come and told me.
All plants need water and light. He typed the letter and those certificates.
The frog lines in water and on land.

And can join two or more grammatically similar expressions, from single words up to complete clauses.
Note 1: Let's solve them
I love literature, music and art. We drank, talked and danced.

With more than two expressions, we generally only put and before the last.
Note 2: Let's solve them (between......and)
Contact me between 5 pm to 7pm. PM.
Please note that the interview for the host shall be There is enmity between Guddu to Shymu.
held on June 15, 2019 between 10:00 AM to 02:00

Between ds ckn ges'kk and conjunction dk iz;ksx gksrk gS to dk ughaA
Rule 33: Let's solve them (but — Contrasting ideas)
He is poor but happy. I trust you but you don't.
Mrs. Smith is strict but kind. This T-Shirt is small in size, but I like it.
Ajit promised me that he would come and did not There were some chairs but no tables.
turn up. I love you but I can't marry you.
I have got some tea and I do not have any sugar. He looks young but he is 30 years old.
You accepted our invitation but did not come to the Arun reached home and did not find his mothers
party. there.
He is hardworking but not intelligent.

But (ysfdu] fdUrq] ij] ijUrq) can also join grammatically similar expressions.
But dk iz;ksx Conjunction ds #i esa contrast/opposite polarity okys expressions/clauses dks tksM+us ds fy, djrs
gSaA (But is used to show contrast. So, if we talk about two things, people or ideas that are contrasting each other,
we use but.)
Rule 34: Let's solve them (ellipsis with and, but and or)
A knife and (a) fork. The food (is ready) and the drinks are ready.
These men and (these) women Jake (washed the dishes) and Sophie washed the
Antique (furniture) or modern furniture dishes.
Ripe apples and (ripe) pears Cats (catch mice) and dogs catch mice.
We need a saw, (a) hammer and (a) screwdriver I can (go) and will go
She has worked in China, (in) Thailand and (in) Sandy went to Greece and Alice to Rome.
Brazil, (in) France, (in) Germany or (in) Spain. The duties of a policeman are regulating the traffic,
She can read but (she) can't write. investigating crime and containing anti-social
The minister likes golf but (the minister) hates elements.
fishing. The last of the Mughal emperors of Indian was
We drove (access America), rode (across America), imprisoned and (was) later sent into exile by the
flew (across America), and walked across America. British.
She was poor but (she was) happy.

When expressions are joined by and, but and or, we often leave out repeated words or phrases of various
kinds ellipsis is not possible after other conjunctions besides and, but and or.
Rule 35: Let's solve them (as well as)
The managing director well as the board members Tom was punished as well fined.
was in favour of taking strict action against the Moti as well as Hari was punished.
striking workers.

As well as (vkSj Hkh] vfrfjDr] vykok) dk iz;ksx djrs gSa tc nks vyx&vyx dk;Z ,d gh person djs ;k nks
persons dh ,d gh quality crkbZ tk;sA bldk Hkh iz;ksx nks words rFkk phrases dks tksM+us ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

Susheel Sir AN ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution 12

Rule 36: Let's solve them (yet)
The waiter hasn't brought the coffee yet I have been He is very rich yet he is not happy.
here an hour already. He has a good job yet he never seems to have any
He didn't believe in God yet he went to church money.
regularly. It is a small car yet it is surprisingly spacious.

Ikgys okys clause esa tks ckr dgh xbZ gS mlds Bhd foijhr Hkko okyh ;k lEHkkouk okyh ckr nwljh clause esa dgh
tk; rc ge mudks yet ls tksM+rs gSaA ;g ges'kk principal clause ds ckn vkrk gSA yet (rks Hkh) dk iz;ksx conjunction
ds #i esa despite what has just been said ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA
Rule 37: Let's solve them (some adjectives)
We are not sure if he is coming to the party. It is certain if the BJP will win the election.
He is confident and he will pass the examination.

Sure, confident, pleased, worried, possible, impossible, anxious, angry, aware, clear, probable, concious,
happy, important, lucky, true, certain vkfn Adjective ds ckn ;fn ,d Clause vk;s rks mls that conjunction ls
tksM+sA
Rule 38: Let's solve them (as soon as/as long as)
You need not fear as soon as god is with you. As soon as the manager came, the clerks started
As long as the publisher entered the office, his typing.
employees began to work. As long as I reached there, the children left the place
No one can do anything as long as god is displeased with their parents.
with him. As soon as Rita blew off the candle, her clothes
caught fire.

As soon as dk iz;ksx ^T;ksa gh-------R;ksa gh* (at the moment that) ds vFkZ esa gksrk gS tcfd As long as dk iz;ksx ^tc
rd* while ds vFkZ esa gksrk gSA
A READY RECKONER
Incorrect Correct 9. Because he is rude Because he is rude, he is
1. I have no other friend but I have no other friend than therefore he is punished. punished.
you. you. 10. Supposing if she fails, Supposing she fails, what
2. I have never spoken to her I have never spoken to her what will she do? will she do?
nor writtern to her. or written to her. 11. As he entered the room, As he entered the room, he
3. There is no one else than There is no one else but than he met me. met me.
you. you. 12. As you are intelligent, so As you are intelligent, you
4. Both Ram as well as Hari Both Ram and Hari were you will pass the exam. will pass the exam.
were there. there. 13. When he saw the tiger, When he saw the tiger, he
5. Let it remain between you Let it remain between you then he was afraid. was afraid.
as well as me. and me. 14. He speaks neither English He speaks neither English
6. Unless you don't work Unless you work hard, you or French. nor French.
hard, you will fail. will fail. 15. She did not break it nor She did not break it or lose
7. He was appointed as a He was appointed clerk. lose it. it.
clerk.
8. I consider him as my I consider him my brother.
brother.

Exercise-1 (ERRORS)
1. You must either (a)/ be regular with your studies 6. Your success in the IAS examinations depends not
(b)/ and study for longer period before the only on (a)/ what papers you have selected (b)/ but
examination. (c)/ No Error (d) on how you have written them. (c)/ No Error (d).
[Section Officer (Audit), 1997] [Income Tax/Central Excise Tax Assistant, 2004]
2. No sooner (a)/ I had spoken, (b)/ than he left. (c)/ 7. He asked (a)/ supposing if he fails (b)/ what he
No Error (d) [Section Officer (Audit), 2001] would do. (c)/ No Error (d)
3. You must either tell me (a)/ the whole story or at [Income Tax/Central Excise Tax Assistant, 2004]
least, (b)/ the first half of it. (c)/ No Error (d). 8. He is writing novels (a)/ ever since he (b)/ became
[Section Officer (Audit), 2001] a graduate. (c)/ No Error (d). [Stenographer, 2005]
4. He did (a)/ nothing else (b)/ than play. (c)/ No 9. Two hours have passed (a)/ since (b)/ he had fallen
Error (d). [Section Officer (Audit), 2001] asleep. (c)/ No Error (d). [Statistical Investigator, 2005]
5. Although the police officer sympathized with the 10. Scarcely did I reach the airport, (a)/ nervous and
poor (a)/ he refused to (b)/ take an action against tense, than the plane took off (b)/ leaving me
the rich man. (c)/ No Error (d) stranded in an alien place. (c)/ No Error (d).
[Section Officer (Audit), 2003] [Statistical Investigator, 2005]

Susheel Sir AN ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution 13

11. No sooner had the hockey match started (a)/ when 32. I felt sure (a)/ we would die (b)/ and that his
it began (b)/ to rain. (c)/ No Error (d). money would go to his daughter. (c)/ No Error (d)
[Tax Assistant, 2006] [Stenographer, 2012]
12. Unless you do not give (a)/ the keys of the safe 33. She wondered (a)/ how was he going to manage
(b)/ you will be shot. (c)/ No Error (d) (b)/ if he couldn't get a job. (c)/ No Error (d)
[Section Officer (Audit), 2006] [Stenographer, 2012]
13. Scarcely had (a)/ I arrived than (b)/ the train left. 34. You do not (a)/ look as (b)/ your brother. (c)/ No
(c)/ No Error (d). [Statistical Investigator, 2007] Error (d) [C.G.L Tier-I, 2012]
14. The reason why (a)/ he was rejected (b)/ was 35. I have neither visited (a)/ or intend (b)/ to visit hill
because he was too young. (c)/ No Error (d). stations. (c)/ No Error (d) [C.G.L Tier-I, 2012]
[Statistical Investigator, 2007] 36. No sooner (a)/ they had received the guests (b)/
15. The period (a)/ between 1980 to 1990 (b)/ was than they began entertaining them. (c)/ No Error
very significant in my life. (c)/ No Error (d) (d)
[Income Tax/Central Excise Tax Assistant, 2007] [C.G.L Tier-II, 2012]
16. I meant nothing (a)/ less than (b)/ to compel you to 37. He not only plays (a)/ tennis regularly (b)/ but also
come. (c)/ No Error (d). [Section Officer (Audit), 2007] cricket. (c)/ No Error (d) [C.G.L Tier-II, 2012]
17. No sooner did the teacher (a)/ enter the class (b)/ 38. He said (a)/ that he wanted a room (b)/ and that his
when the students stood up. (c)/ No Error (d). luggage would follow. (c)/ No Error (d)
[Tax Assistant, 2009] [C.G.L Tier-II, 2012]
18. He not only cheated (a)/ his friends (b)/ but also 39. No other newspaper (a)/ has so large a circulation
his parents. (c)/ No Error (d)[Section Officer (Audit), (b)/ like this newspaper in India. (c)/ No Error (d)
2009] [C.G.L Tier-II, 2012]
19. No sooner she had realized (a)/ her blunder than 40. Sandeep works hard (a)/ lest (b)/ she may fail (c)/
she began (b)/ to take corrective measures. (c)/ No No Error (d) [C.P.O. (Mains), 2012]
Error (d) [Graduate Level Tier-II, 2010] 41. No sooner (a)/ had the talks failed (b)/ when the
20. Don't think (a)/ you can deceive me (b)/ like you war began. (c)/ No Error (d) [C.P.O. (Mains), 2012]
did my brother. (c)/ No Error (d) 42. My elder brother (a)/ asked me (b)/ that what I was
[Graduate Level Tier-II, 2010] doing. (c)/ No Error (d) [LDC, 2012]
21. It was in 2006 (a)/ that we first flew (b)/ to the 43. The teacher asked him (a)/ which English novel
United States. (c)/ No Error (d) [Multitasking, 2010] (b)/ did he like the most. (c)/ No Error (d) [LDC,
22. Three critical conditions (a)/ for growing plants 2012]
are (b)/ soil, temperature, chemical balance or 44. I doubt (a)/ that this is (b)/ acceptable to all.(c)/ No
amount of moisture. (c)/ No Error (d) Error (d) [LDC, 2012]
[Graduate Level Tier-I, 2010] 45. The economic depression is (a)/ looming large not
23. No sooner did the fisherman, Abdul Sattar, (a)/ see only over the first countries (b)/ but also over the
the bus plunge into the river that he immediately third - world countries. (c)/ No Error (d)
rowed his boat (b)/ to the site and jumped in.(c)/ [C.P.O (PT), 2016]
No Error (d) [SSC, 2010] 46. Being that he is interested in (a)/ getting himself
24. Unless you do not meet (a)/ all the requirements examined by a heart specialist (b)/ we must try our
(b)/ your application will be rejected. (c)/ No Error best to take him to a reputed doctor. (c)/ No Error
(d) (d) [C.P.O (PT), 2016]
[CISF ASI, 2010] 47. The travelers were pacified when to hear that the
25. No sooner did he see (a)/ the traffic policeman (b)/ plane had (a)/ landed on the runway (b)/ much
he wore seat belt. (c)/ No Error (d) before the official announcement (c)/ No Error (d)
[Stenographer, 2010]
[C.P.O (PT), 2016]
26. He asked (a)/ that how long (b)/ you would be 48. Since my mother (a)/ was angry so (b)/ I did not
absent. (c)/ No Error (d) [DEO, 2010]
utter a word. (c)/ No Error (d) [C.P.O (PT), 2016]
27. It was fortunate (a)/ all of the inmates escaped (b)/ 49. Neither the chips which (a)/ were cheaper (b)/ nor
from the blazing fire. (c)/ No Error (d) the pizza interested the kid. (c)/ No Error (d)
[C.P.O. Mains, 2011]
[C.P.O (PT), 2016]
28. No sooner did the teacher (a)/ enter the class room 50. We will pack not only (a)/ the material properly
(b)/ the students got up.(c)/ No Error (d) (b)/ but will also deliver it to your valued
[Graduate Lever (Tier-II), 2011]
customers. (c)/ No Error (d)
29. It is (a)/ nothing else (b)/ than pride. (c)/ No Error [C.P.O (Mains), 2016]
(d) [Graduate Lever (Tier-II), 2011]
51. The old man (a)/ told his sons (b)/ that there was
30. Supposing if (a)/ it rains (b)/ what shall we do? (c)/ no such thing like luck. (c)/ No Error (d)
No Error (d) [LDC, 2011] [C.P.O (Mains), 2016]
31. The labourers (a)/ relax (b)/ between 4 P.M. to 5 52. This laboratory of physicists is (a)/ not only
P.M. (c)/ No Error (d) equipped with (b)/ all state-of-the-arts instruments
[Food Corporation of India, 2012]

Susheel Sir AN ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution 14

 but also with outstanding physicists. (c)/ No Error 75. Raj surprised everyone (a)/ when he created an
(d) [C.P.O (Mains), 2016] unbreakable record (b)/ of one and a half centuries.
53. He'd no sooner (a)/ seen one continent (b)/ when (c)/ No Error (d) [C.G.L (Mains), 2014]
he saw another. (c)/ No Error (d) [C.G.L (PT), 2016] 76. Tired I was I had to (a)/ keep on working till (b)/
54. The reason Janet came dressed (a)/ as Lady Gaga the wee hours of the morning. (c)/ No Error (d)
was because she'd been told (b)/ it was costume [C.G.L (Mains), 2014]
party. (c)/ No Error (d) 77. The process was too simple (a)/ and easy to
[C.G.L (PT), 2016] understand that it hardly (b)/ took five minutes for
55. The reason for (a)/ my absence is (b)/ due to ill us to grasp it. (c)/ No Error (d) [C.G.L (Mains), 2014]
health. (c)/ No Error (d) [C.G.L (PT), 2016] 78. Neither he (a)/ or his wife (b)/ has arrived. (c)/ No
56. My sister has been (a)/ interested in medicine (b)/ Error (d) [C.G.L (Mains), 2014]
ever since she was a child. (c)/ No Error (d) 79. We had scarcely (a)/ reached the place, (b)/ than it
[C.G.L (PT), 2016] started to rain heavily. (c)/ No Error (d)
57. Sooner had he come (a)/ his colleagues (b)/ [Food Corporation of India (Mains), 2013]
organised a get together. (c)/ No Error (d) 80. No sooner the minister had heard (a)/ about the
[C.G.L (PT), 2016] accident (b)/ than he rushed to the spot. (c)/ No
58. Scarcaly had he gone(a)/ than I remembered (b)/ Error (d) [Multitasking, 2013]
his name. (c)/ No Error (d) [C.G.L (Mains), 2016] 81. He knows (a)/ that your muscles (b)/ are not same
59. The patient died (a)/ despite he had received (b)/ as his. (c)/ No Error (d)
the best medical help. (c)/ No Error (d) [Multitasking, 2013]
[C.G.L (Mains), 2016] 82. No sooner did I finish (a)/ my speech, I was
60. It is not (a)/ such a pretty place (b)/ that I had subjected (b)/ to a barrage of questions. (c)/ No
expected. (c)/ No Error (d) [C.G.L (Mains), 2016] Error (d) [Multitasking, 2013]
61. I think so (a)/ you have taken (b)/ the right 83. Providing that the weather is good (a)/ we shall go
decision. (c)/ No Error (d) out (b)/ shortly after lunch. (c)/ No Error (d)
[C.G.L (Mains), 2016] [Multitasking, 2013]
62. My friend will not come (a)/ to attend this 84. Our vacation is (a)/ between 12 May (b)/ to 12
marriage (b)/ unless he is not invited. (c)/ No Error June. (c)/ No Error (d) [Multitasking, 2013]
(d) 85. Scarcely had (a)/ the function started (b)/ than it
[C.P.O (PT), 2015] began to rain. (c)/ No Error (d)
63. Professor lal teaches (a)/ both history as well as [Graduate Lever (Tier-II), 2013]
literature (b)/ each semester. (c)/ No Error (d) 86. A simple sentence, also called an independent
[C.P.O (PT), 2015] clause, (a)/ contains a subject and a verb, (b)/ and
64. It began to rain (a)/ as soon as he stepped (b)/ out it expresses a complete thought. (c)/ No Error (d)
of the house. (c)/ No Error (d) [C.P.O (Mains), 2015] [C.P.O (PT), 2013]
65. I will have (a)/ both the blue (b)/ or the black pen. 87. Although I enjoyed my stay (a)/ in the USA (b)/
(c)/ No Error (d) [LDC, 2015] but I was still glad to come home. (c)/ No Error (d)
66. The college library is (a)/ not only equipped with [C.P.O (Mains), 2013]
(b)/ very good book but also with the latest 88. He not only comes there (a)/ for swimming (b)/
journals. (c)/ No Error (d) [C.P.O. (PT), 2014] but also for coaching new swimmers. (c)/ No Error
67. Men are wanted (a)/ for the army (b)/ and the (d)
navy, and the air force. (c)/ No Error (d)[LDC, 2014] [C.P.O (Mains), 2013]
68. He walks (a)/ as if the earth (b)/ belonged to him. 89. The teacher as well as his students, (a)/ all left (b)/
(c)/ No Error (d) [LDC, 2014] for the trip. (c)/ No Error (d) [LDC, 2013]
69. No sooner did the rabbit (a)/ come out of the bush 90. Not only she makes (a)/ home made cakes (b)/ she
(b)/ when the hunter killed it. (c)/ No Error (d) also sells them. (c)/ No Error (d) [LDC, 2013]
[LDC, 2014] 91. As a boy Dhritiman is very obedient, polite and
70. As he is honest (a)/ and he is (b)/ liked by all. (c)/ hard - working (a)/ but as a student he is (b)/
No Error (d) [Stenographer, 2014] always inattentive in study. (c)/ No Error (d) [LDC,
71. Scarcely he had (a)/ gone a few steps (b)/ when his 2013]
brother called him back. (c)/ No Error (d) 92. The redevelopment project is aimed (a)/ not just
[Stenographer, 2014] providing good houses to shanty dwellers (b)/ but
72. No sooner (a)/ I had started for college (b)/ than it also developing infrastructure around the major
began to rain. (c)/ No Error (d) [Stenographer, 2014] Mumbai localities. (c)/ No Error (d) [LDC, 2013]
73. The security guard kept awake (a)/ lest no stranger 93. Unless he apologizes (a)/ he should not be (b)/
should (b)/ not enter the house unnoticed. (c)/ No allowed to stay with us. (c)/ No Error (d) [LDC,
Error (d) [Stenographer, 2014] 2013]
74. I had worked very hard (a)/ on this project (b)/ and 94. I sprained my ankle (a)/ when I was (b)/ playing
my boss was not satisfied. (c)/ No Error (d) basketball. (c)/ No Error (d) [CGL Re-exam, 2013]
[Stenographer, 2014]
Susheel Sir AN ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution 15
95. I loved (a)/ the drawings (b)/ they were so real. (c)/ [CGL (Mains) Re-exam, 2013]
No Error (d) [CGL Re-exam, 2013] 98. Water contamination has become more serious (a)/
96. You must either pay the will (a)/ at once else since chemists have begun to use (b)/ new
return (b)/ the good immediately. (c)/ No Error (d) substances. (c)/ No Error (d)
[CGL Re-exam, 2013] [CGL (Mains) Re-exam, 2013]
97. Seldom if ever (a)/ nature does operator (b)/ in
closed and separate compartments. (c)/ No Error
(d)
Exercise-2 (IMPROVEMENTS)
99. Not only they went to see a film, they had dinner (a) though he was a brave heart
out as well. [Section Officer (Audit), 1997] (b) although he was a brave heart
(a) did they go (b) they didn't go (c) while he was a brave heart
(c) didn't they go (d) No Improvement (d) No Improvement
100. In case if it rains, I shall not visit you. 111. Although he got home last night is still a mystery
[Section Officer (Audit), 2001] to me. [SSC, 2010]
(a) If so (b) In case of (a) how (b) while
(c) If (d) No Improvement (c) since (d) No Improvement
101. It took a long time for him to realise, what was 112. No sooner had she heard the news when she
truth. fainted. [CISF ASI, 2010]
[Section Officer (Audit), 2003] (a) that she fainted (b) than she fainted
(a) what is truth (b) what was the truth (c) and she fainted (d) No Improvement
(c) what the truth was (d) No Improvement 113. I did not see him since he wrote last.
102. Write down the address lest you may forget. [Statistical Investigator, 2010]
[Income Tax/Central Excise Tax Assistant, 2004] (a) I could not see him(b) I shall not see him
(a) you may not forget (b) you cannot forget (c) I have not seen him(d) No Improvement
(c) you will forget (d) you should forget 114. Most of the non - Western countries have been
103. Neither I nor my friend live here. subject either to total colonial rule or varying
[Statistical Investigator, 2005]
degrees of economic control and their native
(a) Neither I do nor does my friend live
population has been either destroyed or
(b) Neither do I nor does my friend live
westernized. [Statistical Investigator, 2010]
(c) Neither I live nor does my friend
(a) has been subject to either
(d) No Improvement
(b) either have been subject to
104. I hope that I shall get a First Class.
[Tax Assistant, 2006] (c) have been either subjected to
(a) I feel that (b) I hope (d) No Improvement
(c) I am hoping (d) No Improvement 115. Strenuous as it was, they went on with their task.
[Statistical Investigator, 2010]
105. No sooner had the teacher entered the room and
(a) since it was (b) because it was
the boys rushed to their seats.
[Section Officer (Audit), 2008] (c) although it was (d) No Improvement
(a) when (b) than 116. Supposing if he comes, what should I do?
[DEO, 2010]
(c) but (d) No Improvement
(a) If he comes
106. No sooner did I get into the bus when it started
(b) In case he will come
moving. [Tax Assistant, 2009]
(c) In the event of his being come
(a) then (b) while
(d) No Improvement
(c) than (d) No Improvement
117. No sooner had the dividend been declared, the
107. Neither plants nor animals, can survive without
notices were sent out.
oxygen. [Graduate Level Tier-II, 2010]
[Graduate Level Tier-I, 2011]
(a) plants can neither (b) neither can plants (a) The company had hardly declared the dividend
(c) plants, neither (d) No Improvement till the notices were sent for mailing.
108. Although Pandas eat bamboo almost exclusively, (b) They had no sooner declared the dividend then
they are also carnivorous. the notices were sent out.
[Graduate Level Tier-II, 2010]
(c) Hardly had the dividend been declared than the
(a) until (b) as soon as
notices were sent out.
(c) not only (d) No Improvement
(d) No Improvement
109. Do how I say. [Graduate Level Tier-II, 2010]
118. He both won a medal and a scholarship.
(a) as (b) what [Graduate Level Tier-I, 2011]
(c) like (d) No Improvement (a) He won a medal and a scholarship both.
110. As he was a brave heart, Sujeet decided to join (b) Both he won a medal and a scholarship.
the army. [Multitasking, 2010]
(c) He won both a medal and a scholarship.
Susheel Sir AN ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution 16
 (d) No Improvement 131. Although she was responsible for the accident,
119. Unless you work hard, you will not pass. nobody blamed her. [C.P.O. (Mains), 2012]
[Graduate Lever (Tier-II), 2011] (a) yet nobody blamed her
(a) as long as you work hard (b) still nobody blamed her
(b) till you work hard (c) nevertheless nobody blamed her
(c) until you work hard (d) No Improvement
(d) No Improvement 132. The driver drove slowly so as not to overturn his
120. No sooner has she agreed to marry him than she load. [LDC, 2012]
started having terrible doubts. (a) not to overturn his load
[Graduate Lever (Tier-II), 2011] (b) in order that not to overturn his load
(a) she no sooner had agreed (c) that he may not overturn his load
(b) no sooner had she agreed (d) No Improvement
(c) no sooner did she agree 133. None as the brave deserve the fair. [LDC, 2012]
(d) No Improvement (a) if (b) though
121. Since he worked hard, he failed to secure good (c) but (d) No Improvement
grades. [Food Corporation of India, 2012]
134. You can't get good marks unless you don't work
(a) as (b) when hard. [LDC, 2012]
(c) though (d) No Improvement (a) until you don't (b) till you don't
122. Take care lest you will fall. (c) unless you (d) No Improvement
[Food Corporation of India, 2012]
135. Raja not only passed and won a scholarship.
(a) you fall (b) you fell [C.P.O (PT), 2016]
(c) you may fall (d) No Improvement (a) not passed but won
123. We must start now unless it will be too late. (b) not only passed but also won
[Food Corporation of India, 2012]
(c) not only passed and also won
(a) or (b) until
(d) No Improvement
(c) but (d) No Improvement
136. She is tall as me. [C.P.O (PT), 2016]
124. Freedom is a wonderful thing, for jimmy was
(a) as tall as one (b) tall like
eager to experience it.[Food Corporation of India,
2012] (c) tall like me (d) tall as I am
(a) though (b) and 137. The tea estate is in such a mess there is no one to
(c) but (d) No Improvement set things right. [C.P.O (Mains), 2016]
125. Hardly had I reached the station when the train (a) in a mess there
started. [Stenographer, 2012] (b) in a such mess that there
(a) since (b) then (c) in such a mess that there
(c) than (d) No Improvement (d) No Improvement
126. No sooner had I entered the house when the lights 138. I am sure that he has recovered from his illness
went out. [C.G.L Tier-II, 2012] and he will accompany us to the picnic spot.
[C.P.O (Mains), 2016]
(a) than (b) then
(a) and he will company
(c) and (d) No Improvement
(b) and that he will company
127. She wondered if the children were as lonely as she
(c) but he will company
was. [C.G.L Tier-II Re-exam, 2012]
(d) No Improvement
(a) that (b) whether
139. No sooner had he entered the room when the
(c) that if (d) No Improvement
lights went out and everybody began to scream.
128. He may have aged when I last saw him. [C.P.O (Mains), 2016]
[C.G.L Tier-II Re-exam, 2012]
(a) than the lights went out
(a) before I last saw him
(b) and the lights went out
(b) since I last saw him
(c) then the lights went out
(c) from when I last saw him
(d) No Improvement
(d) No Improvement
140. The teacher asked him where did he live.
129. He won't hear you provided you shout.
[C.G.L (PT), 2016]
[C.P.O. (PT), 2012]
(a) he has been living (b) he lives
(a) unless (b) in case
(c) he lived (d) No Improvement
(c) as long as (d) No Improvement
141. You will not succeed unless you don't work hard.
130. She not only was competent but also intelligent.
[C.G.L (PT), 2016]
[C.P.O. (Mains), 2012]
(a) will not work hard (b) should work hard
(a) was not only competent
(c) work hard (d) No Improvement
(b) was only competent
142. No other snake is as poisonous as this one.
(c) not only was she competent [C.G.L (PT), 2016]
(d) No Improvement (a) are as poisonous as this one
Susheel Sir AN ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution 17
 (b) is more poisonous as this one 153. I have studied the works of George Bernard Shaw
(c) is poisonous than this one not only for their plots but also because they are
(d) No Improvement very witty. [C.P.O. (Mains), 2014]
143. No sooner did the teacher come into the class (a) because they are also very witty
when we stood up. [C.G.L (PT), 2016] (b) also for their wit
(a) since (b) then (c) because they are very witty also
(c) than (d) No Improvement (d) No Improvement
144. Though he worked hard, but he failed. 154. No sooner had the destruction completed, than
[C.G.L (PT), 2016] mother walked in. [C.P.O. (Mains), 2014]
(a) and (b) yet (a) no sooner did the destruction complete, than
(c) than (d) No Improvement mother walked in.
145. The professor asked the intruder who was he and (b) no sooner had the destruction been completed,
why was he in his lecture. [C.G.L (PT), 2016] than mother walked in.
(a) who he was and why he was (c) no sooner was the destruction completed, than
(b) who he was and why was he mother walked in.
(c) who he had been and why he had been (d) No Improvement
(d) No Improvement 155. Maize is not so popular than many other cereal.
146. He behaves as if he is the supreme leader. [C.P.O. (Mains), 2014]
[C.G.L (Mains), 2016] (a) as popular than (b) that popular as
(a) as he is (b) as if he were (c) as popular as (d) No Improvement
(c) as if he was (d) No Improvement 156. Walk carefully lest you do not fall. [LDC, 2015]
147. Not only the robbers robbed the tourist of his (a) lest you fall
purse but they also wounded him grievously. (b) lest you should not fall
[C.G.L (Mains), 2016] (c) lest you might not fall
(a) not only did the robbers robbed (d) No Improvement
(b) not only the robbers rob 157. I shall not go until I am invited.[C.G.L (Mains),
(c) not only did the robbers rob 2014]
(d) No Improvement (a) till (b) whether
148. The reason why the magazine sells so well is (c) unless (d) No Improvement
because it is written in a pleasant style. 158. I will buy the house provided it is quite sound.
[C.G.L (Mains), 2016] [C.G.L (Mains), 2014]
(a) for (b) since (a) until (b) whether
(c) that (d) No Improvement (c) unless (d) No Improvement
149. I think so she will come to the party. 159. You can borrow my laptop as long as you promise
[C.G.L (Mains), 2016] not to misuse it. [Multitasking, 2013]
(a) so I think she will come to the party (a) too long as (b) so long as
(b) I am thinking she will come to the party (c) only long as (d) No Improvement
(c) I think she will come to the party 160. As it was raining, I decided to take shelter.
(d) No Improvement [Multitasking, 2013]
150. He does not laugh, nor he smiles. [C.G.L (PT), 2015] (a) just it started raining
(a) neither he does smile (b) although it was raining
(b) nor does he smile (c) it was raining
(c) nor he does smile (d) No Improvement
(d) No Improvement 161. He may have grown taller when I last saw him.
151. No sooner had he reaching the station than the [Graduate Lever (Tier-I), 2013]
train began to move. [C.G.L Tier-II, 2015] (a) from when I last saw him
(a) no sooner did he reaching the station than the (b) since I last saw him
train began to move. (c) before I last saw him
(b) no sooner had he reach the station than the (d) No Improvement
train begins to move. 162. They could not tell me why did he not eat his
(c) no sooner had he reached the station than the lunch. [Graduate Lever (Tier-I), 2013]
train began to move. (a) why not had he eaten
(d) No Improvement (b) why he did not eat
152. Kunal laughed at rakhi, after which she walked (c) why had he not eaten
out. (d) No Improvement
[C.G.L (PT), 2014] 163. Having only a few hours left, she wondered as she
(a) wherever (b) whereas would finish the assignment.
(c) whererupon (d) No Improvement [Graduate Lever (Tier-I), 2013]
(a) that if (b) whether
Susheel Sir AN ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution 18
 (c) that (d) No Improvement 169. They have not spoken to each other since they
164. Soniya has wisdom, charm and she has a good quarrelled. [Graduate Lever (Tier-II), 2013]
sense of humour. [Graduate Lever (Tier-I), 2013] (a) for (b) because
(a) Soniya had a good sense of humour (c) ever since (d) No Improvement
(b) a good sense of humour 170. We must have serious reading for the mind as we
(c) has a good sense of humour need wholesome and nutritious food for the body.
(d) No Improvement [C.P.O (PT), 2013]
165. The actor is out of jail, and not exactly a free (a) like we need (b) like as we need
man, since he will be under house arrest for an (c) just as we need (d) No Improvement
additional 90 days. [Graduate Lever (Tier-I), 2013] 171. Stop taking bribe lest you are caught.
(a) but not exactly a free man [Multitasking, 2013]
(b) though exactly a free man (a) might be caught (b) should be caught
(c) if not exactly a free man (c) may be caught (d) No Improvement
(d) No Improvement 172. Because that there were heavy rains, the lake was
166. You cannot pass as long as you study. flooded. [CGL (Mains) Re-exam, 2013]
[Graduate Lever (Tier-II), 2013] (a) because of the (b) as there were
(a) provided (b) unless (c) since there was (d) No Improvement
(c) less (d) No Improvement 173. I don't understand why did you not call me last
167. I like tea and I like coffee. night. [CGL (Mains) Re-exam, 2013]
[Graduate Lever (Tier-II), 2013] (a) why had you not call
(a) tea to coffee (b) tea after coffee (b) why you did not call
(c) both tea and coffee(d) No Improvement (c) why not did you call
168. Seeing that she is very tired, I walked out of the (d) No Improvement
room and let her sleep.[Graduate Lever (Tier-II), 2013] 174. He speaks not only English but Hindi as well.
(a) seeing that she are very tired [CGL (Mains) Re-exam, 2013]
(b) seeing that she was very tired (a) as well as Hindi (b) Hindi too
(c) seeing she is tired (c) also Hindi (d) No Improvement
(d) No Improvement
Exercise-3 (FILL IN THE BLANKS)
175. No sooner had he entered the room_____ the lights (c) yet (d) so
went out and everyone started talking loudly. 182. ______you work hard, you won't be able to clear
[LDC, 1998] even the preliminaries.
(a) but (b) and [Section Officer (Audit), 2008]
(c) than (d) if (a) If (b) Until
176. My mother is so poor_______. [LDC, 1998] (c) Unless (d) Lest
(a) because she will not work 183. He is weak______ he does a lot of work.
(b) that she cannot buy food for us [DEO, 2008]
(c) to send me to school (a) and (b) yet
(d) to get medical help for my father (c) because (d) so
177. Each school has its own set of rules _____all good 184. This car is well-styled _____ that one is old
pupils should follow them. fashioned. [Statistical Investigator, 2009]
[Section Officer (Audit), 2001] (a) whereas (b) because
(a) But (b) or (c) so (d) however
(c) so (d) and 185. We failed to make a thorough search of the house
178. Madhu has not been able to recall where ______. _____no trace of her could be found.
[Section Officer (Audit), 2003] [Statistical Investigator, 2009]
(a) does she live (b) she lived (a) but (b) and
(c) did she live (d) lived the girl (c) yet (d) therefore
179. Two years have passed since he_______ here. 186. The geocentric idea was abandoned in the
[Statistical Investigator, 2006] seventeenth century, partly as a result of the
(a) has come (b) come writings of Copernicus _____ observations made
(c) came (d) had come by other astronomers. [Graduate Level Tier-II, 2010]
180. Many things have happened______ I met you last. (a) not only because of (b) and also because of
[Section Officer (Audit), 2006] (c) but also because of(d) thus because of
(a) before (b) when 187. There ____ any message from my teacher since
(c) from (d) since she moved to London. [LDC, 2010]
181. She is beautiful________ brave. (a) isn't (b) wasn't
[Statistical Investigator, 2007]
(c) hasn't been (d) hadn't been
(a) but (b) and
Susheel Sir AN ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution 19
188. _____ you leave now, you will be late. 196. You will have to work ____ you are in the office.
[Graduate Level Tier-I, 2011] [C.G.L (PT), 2016]
(a) until (b) till (a) as long as (b) as good as
(c) unless (d) although (c) as far as (d) as much as
189. ______ she is clever, she often makes mistakes. 197. The priest was innocent ____ he could not prove
[Graduate Level Tier-I, 2011] it.
(a) despite (b) since [LDC, 2014]
(c) although (d) yet (a) and (b) but
190. Sandeep is in the habit of revising just once, but (c) for (d) so
Sujeet never understands a subject _____ he 198. No sooner did he finish his speech ____ the
revises it for at least three times. [C.P.O. Mains, 2011] audience began applauding. [Multitasking, 2013]
(a) in case (b) thus (a) when (b) then
(c) although (d) unless (c) than (d) while
191. _____ pollution control measures are expensive, 199. Neither Shyam ____ Sujeet came to the school
many industries hesitate to adopt them. today. [Multitasking, 2013]
[C.G.L Tier-I, 2012] (a) or (b) nor
(a) although (b) however (c) and (d) but
(c) because (d) despite 200. I could hardly recognize him ____ I saw him.
192. As you sow ____ shall you reap. [C.G.L Tier-I, 2012] [Graduate Lever (Tier_I), 2013]
(a) when (b) as (a) after (b) but
(c) like (d) so (c) and (d) when
193. A rare audio tape released by the court at the end 201. A child is the future of a family _____ nation.
of the hearing showed many judges asking ____ [LDC, 2013]
they should intervene at all. (a) like a (b) as well as of a
[C.P.O. (PT), 2012] (c) just as (d) as a
(a) weather (b) whether 202. Many of us believe that science is something
(c) if only (d) only if modern ____ the truth is otherwise. [LDC, 2013]
194. Rajesh's car wasn't _____ ramesh's, so we were too (a) unless (b) although
exhausted by the time we reached home. [LDC, (c) if (d) as
2012] 203. It has been years since I last ____ him.
(a) such comfortable [Multitasking, 2013]
(b) as comfortable as (a) met (b) meet
(c) comfortable enough (c) have met (d) had met
(d) so comfortable that 204. You will not be allowed to enter ____ you have an
195. He ran so fast ____. [C.G.L (PT), 2016] entry pass. [Multitasking, 2013]
(a) that he fell (b) so he fell (a) unless (b) when
(c) he fell (d) that he is falling (c) but (d) if
Exercise-4 (ERRORS)
Direction: Read each sentence to find out if there is any Error in it. The Error, if any, will be in one part of the
sentence. The letter assigned to that part is the answer. If there is no Error, the answer is (E).
205. She was not (a)/ so well versed in (b)/ English that 211. The officer was doubtful (a)/ if some of the clerks
we (c)/ had expected. (d)/ No Error (e) (b)/ of his office were (c)/ involved in bribery. (d)/
206. Aruna (a)/ not only stopped coming (b)/ here but No Error (e)
also going to any place which is related to her past 212. Neither the doctor (a)/ nor his assistants (b)/ were
tragedy. (c)/ d (d)/ No Error (e) asleep when (c)/ the phone rang up. (d)/ No Error
[North Malabar Rural Bank Officer Exam, 2008] (e)
207. Nobody else but (a)/ you might be declared (b)/ 213. Because he has (a)/ been ill for a month, (b)/ so he
responsible for the (c)/ loss of those articles. (d)/ does not (c)/ come to the office. (d)/ No Error (e)
No Error (e) 214. You must either (a)/ inform the police (b)/ else be
208. My friend will not (a)/ come to attend (b)/ this prepared (c)/ to suffer any loss. (d)/ No Error (e)
marriage (c)/ unless he is not invited. (d)/ No Error 215. As soon as the peon (a)/ rings the first bell, then all
(e) (b)/ students asssemble (c)/ on the ground for
209. Seldom or (a)/ ever have I tried my (b)/ best to prayer. (d)/ No Error (e)
defend my friends who are after (c)/ all guilty to 216. He not only comes (a)/ here for shopping but also
some extent. (d)/ No Error (e) for (b)/ having a glimpse of (c)/ the extremely
210. Seldom or (a)/ ever have I turned (b)/ a beggar beautiful sales girl. (d)/ No Error (e)
away without (c)/ giving him some alms. (d)/ No 217. Hardly had he (a)/ come out of the bus (b)/ then
Error (e) the bomb exploded (c)/ and shattered the bus into
pieces. (d)/ No Error (e)
Susheel Sir AN ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution 20
218. Scarcely had he bought (a)/ the ticket when the 238. The newsman was doubtful (a)/ that the man who
guard (b)/ showed the flag and (c)/ the train had been run over (b)/ by some vehicles had lain
started. (d)/ No Error (e) (c)/ there for more than one day. (d)/ No Error (e)
219. I don't know (a)/ if any of the members (b)/ of the 239. Because he is intelligent, (a)/ therefore he gets
party is conspiring (c)/ against the president or not. good (b)/ marks in all the (c)/ examinations he
(d)/ No Error (e) takes. (d)/ No Error (e)
220. Many of the founding fathers (a)/ of our 240. Both the rich along with (a)/ the poor are
constitution are (b)/ so reverend as Ambedkar (c)/ responsible for a (b)/ great many vices with which
if not more. (d)/ No Error (e) our society (c)/ as well as country is inflicted. (d)/
221. This is not such (a)/ a major problem (b)/ which No Error (e)
cannot be solved (c)/ with a little effort. (d)/ No 241. His offence was such (a)/ as he was not bound to
Error (e) suffer (b)/ and ultimately (c)/ meet his doom. (d)/
222. This is perhaps (a)/ the same dog which (b)/ bit her No Error (e)
while she was returning (c)/ from market. (d)/ No 242. She was too beautiful (a)/ to be rejected by any
Error (e) (b)/ youngman who wished (c)/ to make her his
223. He asked me (a)/ that why I was (b)/ not preparing wife. (d)/ No Error (e)
for the (c)/ Civil Service Examinations. (d)/ No 243. Since Diwali is fast approaching, (a)/ my teenager
Error (e) son has bought many fireworks (b)/ as rockets,
224. Both Hari (a)/ as well as his wife (b)/ are crakcers, etc. (c)/ all of which cost much. (d)/ No
determined to bring (c)/ about some changes in the Error (e)
plan. (d)/ No Error (e) 244. Scarcely had he gone (a)/ than a policeman
225. As he is (a)/ a perfectionist, (b)/ so he always knocked (b)/ at the door to enquire (c)/ about his
insists (c)/ on regular practice. (d)/ No Error (e) whereabouts. (d)/ No Error (e)
226. Although these rooms (a)/ are in need of repair, 245. No sooner had the train (a)/ arrived then the crowd
(b)/ but the owner does not take (c)/ any notice of rushed (b)/ towards the compartment to greet the
their condition. (d)/ No Error (e) leader (c)/ who was travelling by that train. (d)/ No
227. Professor Lal teaches (a)/ both history (b)/ as well Error (e)
literature (c)/ each semester. (d)/ No Error (e) 246. Hardly had the wheels touched (a)/ the gourd than
228. He suggested to me (a)/ that I should (b)/ do all the the pilot indicated (b)/ with his fingers how many
work as (c)/ quickly like him. (d)/ No Error (e) (c)/ injured people he was carrying.(d)/ No Error
229. He was so clever (a)/ that everybody's attempt (b)/ (e)
to misguide him (c)/ proved to be futile. (d)/ No 247. No sooner was the agitation (a)/ in Darjeeling
Error (e) silenced, (b)/ the Bodo Land activity (c)/ in Assam
230. No sooner did (a)/ he find out any solution (b)/ to erupted. (d)/ No Error (e)
the problem when (c)/ another problem appeared. 248. I cannot confirm (a)/ you if he has paid (b)/ the bill
(d)/ No Error (e) or returned (c)/ the goods. (d)/ No Error (e)
231. Not only has he built (a)/ a hospital for the poor 249. Ten years have passed (a)/ that I returned from (b)/
(b)/ but he has also built an (c)/ orphanage for London and settled (c)/ in this part of the country.
orphans. (d)/ No Error (e) (d)/ No Error (e)
232. The robbers had (a)/ hardly put the ornaments (b)/ 250. It was almost (a)/ ten years ago since he wrote (b)/
in his bag than (c)/ the housewife woke up. (d)/ No a letter to me to (c)/ remind me of my lapses. (d)/
Error (e) No Error (e)
233. Scarcely had he (a)/ gone a few steps (b)/ that he 251. The patient would not (a)/ have died (b)/ when the
was told by someone (c)/ that his mother was no doctor had (c)/ come in time. (d)/ No Error (e)
more. (d)/ No Error (e) 252. The programme was (a)/ almost fixed and it was
234. Mrs. Sen told me that though (a)/ her son had (b)/ my friend's insincerity that upset the whole
worked (b)/ hard but he failed to make (c)/ any (c)/ thing and disappointed us. (d)/ No Error (e)
mark in the last. (d)/ No Error (e) 253. He did not (a)/ succeed in the examination, (b)/ yet
235. Hardly had the speaker (a)/ finished speaking, then he had (c)/ worked hard. (d)/ No Error (e)
(b)/ the lights went off and (c)/ there was an uproar 254. I can not allow you to (a)/ go out of the class (b)/
in the hall. (d)/ No Error (e) unless the teacher comes (c)/ and gives me some
236. Dr. Sinha was not only (a)/ sympathetic to the rich instructions. (d)/ No Error (e)
(b)/ patients but also (c)/ to the poor ones. (d)/ No 255. The college library is (a)/ not only equipped with
Error (e) (b)/ very good books but also (c)/ with the latest
237. He has lots (a)/ of money and (b)/ he dare not start journals. (d)/ No Error (e)
(c)/ a factory. (d)/ No Error (e) 256. No sooner did the (a)/ rabbit come out (b)/ of the
bush (c)/ when the hunter killed it. (d)/ No Error
(e)
Susheel Sir AN ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution 21
 Exercise - 5 (ERRORS)
Direction: In these question, read each sentence to find out whether is any Error in it. The Error, if any, will be one
part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no Error, the answer is either (d) or (e).
(Ignore Errors of Punctuation, if any.)
257. Scarcely had (a)/ I arrived than (b)/ the train left. 271. The European nations have (a)/ become one of the
(c)/ No Error (d) (b)/ favourite destinations of the Indian students
258. The reason why (a)/ he was rejected (b)/ was (c)/ seek specialised knowledge and training. (d)/
because he was too young. (c)/ No Error (d) No Error (e)
259. Scarcely did I reach the airport, (a)/ nervous and 272. There was a good movie (a)/ at one of the theatres
tense, than the plane took off (b)/ leaving me (b)/ because we decided (c)/ to go. (d)/ No Error
stranded in an alien place. (c)/ No Error (d) (e)
260. The Minister will have (a)/ a tough task on his 273. We plan to (a)/ sell part of our (b)/ business
hands (b)/ where three different recommendations therefore we have (c)/ to repay a loan. (d)/ No
(c)/ for this year's rate reach his desk. (d)/ No Error Error (e)
(e) 274. No sooner did he see (a)/ the traffic policeman (b)/
261. He thinks (a)/ himself (b)/ as a great scholar. (c)/ d he wore seat belt. (c)/ No Error (d)
(d)/ No Error (e) 275. Scarcely had we (a)/ alighted from the train (b)/
262. The government is working (a)/ out a new system than it began (c)/ to rain cats and dogs. (d)/ No
to compensate (b)/ those companies to sell (c)/ Error (e)
products below the market price. (d)/ No Error (e) 276. You must either (a)/ be regular with you studies
263. In our experience people usually (a)/ value things (b)/ and study for longer period before the
that they have to (b)/ pay off more than those that examination. (c)/ No Error (d)
(c)/ they receive free of cost. (d)/ No Error (e) 277. He did (a)/ nothing else (b)/ than play. (c)/ No
264. The country has (a)/ adequate laws but problems Error (d)
(b)/ arise when these are not (c)/ implemented in 278. Your success in the IAS examinations depends not
letter or spirit. (d)/ No Error (e) only on (a)/ what papers you have selected (b)/ but
265. My friend will not only (a)/ receive you at the (b)/ on how you have written them. (c)/ No Error (d)
station and also (c)/ have you as a guest in his 279. No sooner had the hockey match started (a)/ when
house. (d)/ No Error (e) it began (b)/ to rain. (c)/ No Error (d)
266. Which time (a)/ do you have to (b)/ go to (c)/ the 280. Unless you do not give (a)/ the keys of the safe
dentist tomorrow? (d)/ No Error (e) (b)/ you will be shot. (c)/ No Error (d)
267. I want to share (a)/ my experience with you (b)/ 281. Scarcely had (a)/ I arrived than (b)/ the train left.
though you will (c)/ benefit from it. (d)/No Error (c)/ No Error (d)
(e) 282. The political candidate talked (a)/ as if she has
268. The assurances, unfortunately, (a)/ remained on already been elected (b)/ to the presidency. (c)/ No
paper, as (b)/ neither the Centre or the state Error (d)
initiated steps (c)/ for the development of the 283. Neither the mouse (a)/ nor the lion (b)/ were
backward region. (d)/ No Error (e) caught. (c)/ No Error (d)
269. He was travelled (a)/ all over the world (b)/ yet he 284. The economic gains we have achieved (a)/ will not
speaks(c)/several language fluently.(d)/No Error be sustained (b)/ unless we properly (c)/ educate
(e) the youth. (d)/ No Error (e)
270. Though our training facilities (a)/ are limited only 285. Wheat production in the region (a)/ will fall
a (b)/ few employees have been (c)/ selected for drastically (b)/ unless we do anything (c)/ to stop
training. (d)/ No Error (e) climate change. (d)/ No Error (e)
Exercise - 6 (ERRORS)
286. Even he worked hard, he failed in the [NDA/NA 2013 II]
examination. 290. As soon the film started (a)/ I developed (b)/ and
[NDA/NA 2014 I] irritating headache. (c)/ No Error (d)
(a) since (b) Although [NDA/NA 2012 I]
(c) For (d) No improvement 291. The most studious boy (a)/ in the class (b)/ was
287. Though he is good, (a)/ he is (b)/ mischievous. (c)/ made at the captain. (c)/No Error (d)
No Error (d) [NDA/NA 2014 I] [NDA/NA 2009 I]
288. Suppose, if you were left alone (a)/ to live on a 292. Supposing if you get (a)/ a seat in the plane (b)/
desert island (b)/ what would you do? (c)/ No you will not take more than two hours to reach
Error (d) [NDA/NA 2013 II]
Mumbai. (c)/ No Error (d) [NDA/NA 2009 II]
289. He wondered that what (a)/ would be the next 293. It is impossible (a)/ to either predict the future (b)/
move of his opponents (b)/ who had vowed to see or forget the past. (c)/ No Error (d) [SCRA 2012]
him dislodged from power. (c)/ No Error (d)
Susheel Sir AN ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution 22
294. I started early (a)/ for the station lest I (b)/ should 302. Experience has taught me (a)/ not to ignore any
not miss the train. (c)/ No Error (d) [CDS 2014 II] man, high or low, (b)/ not to ignore anything, great
295. I wanted to see (a)/ that whether they (b)/ had or small. (c)/ No Error (d) [CDS 2013 II]
actually read the notes. (c)/ No Error(d) 303. When he asked me as to why (a)/ I had not
[CDS 2014 II] finished my work in time (b)/ I felt confused. (c)/
296. He asked her that (a)/ whether she knew (b)/ what No Error (d) [CDS 2013 II]
had happened last week when she was on leave. 304. Neither the teacher (a)/ or the student (b)/ is keen
(c)/ No Error (d) [CDS 2014 I] on joining the dance. (c)/ No Error (d) [CDS 2012 I]
297. Until you do not go to the station (a)/ to receive 305. I have found that he is (a)/ neither willing (b)/ or
him (b)/ I can hardly feel at ease. (c)/ No Error (d) capable. (c)/ No Error (d) [CDS 2011 I]
[CDS 2014 I] 306. Whether he is writing about a taxi driver (a)/ and
298. Meena was so tired (a)/ that she could not hardly an interesting sketch of a woman (b)/ he is always
(b)/ talk to the guests for a few minutes. (c)/ No at his ease. (c)/ No Error (d) [CDS 2010 II]
Error (d) [CDS 2014 I]
307. The question is often raised (a)/ that whether it is
299. He had been going to the office (a)/ for a year now desirable to send Indian students abroad (b)/ since
(b)/ and he even can't understand its working. (c)/ they rarely return. (c)/ No Error (d) [CDS 2008 II]
No Error (d) [CDS 2013 II]
308. No sooner had (a)/ he arrived then (b)/ he was
300. He boasts of having visited Europe many times asked to leave again. (c)/ No Error (d) [CDS 2008 I]
(a)/ but can neither speak English (b)/ nor he can 309. The moral of the entire novel (a)/ is how Money
speak French. (c)/ No Error (d) [CDS 2013 II]
doesn't (b)/ make you happy. (c)/ No Error (d)
301. As an officer (a)/ he not only was competent (b)/ [CDS 2007 I]
but also honest. (c)/ No Error (d) [CDS 2013 II]
Exercise - 7
Directions: Synonyms 10. Beat around the bush
1. SYCOPHANT (a) Walk around the forest
(a) Psyche (b) Flatterer (b) Clean the bushy areas
(c) Critic (d) Slave (c) Avoiding the main topic
2. ENIGMA (d) Play around the forest
(a) Attractive (b) Riddle 11. Make room
(c) Flare-up (d) Dream (a) Clean the room
Directions: Antonyms (b) Make space
3. FORLORN (c) Attain the room
(a) Joyful (b) Lucky (d) Make a clean sweep
(c) Fortunate (d) Free 12. Mend your ways
4. INERTIA (a) Happy with one's behaviour
(a) Stupor (b) Vigour (b) Sad with one's behaviour
(c) Languor (d) Inertness (c) Destroy one's behaviour
Directions: Spelling correction (d) Improve one's behaviour
5. Find the correctly spelt word. Directions: One Word Substitution
(a) Separate (b) Saparate 13. The art of delaying
(c) Saperate (d) Seperate (a) Degeneration (b) Inflation
6. Find the correctly spelt word. (c) Procrastination (d) Regression
(a) Pious (b) Pios 14. A doctor who specializes in the diseases of the eyes
(c) Pieos (d) Piuos (a) Ophthalmologist (b) Optimist
Directions: Idioms (c) Optician (d) Orthodontist
7. Old head on young shoulders 15. Person who eats too much
(a) To be intelligent when old (a) Cannibal (b) Glutton
(b) To be old and yet look young (c) Obese (d) Carnivorous
(c) To be wise beyond his years 16. A record of one's own life written by oneself
(d) To be smarter with age (a) History (b) Biography
8. A wild-goose chase (c) Bibliography (d) Autobiography
(a) A fruitful search 17. Belong to the same period
(b) A pointless search (a) Comrades (b) Contemporaries
(c) To search for a wild-goose (c) Compromises (d) Renegades
(d) A hunting expedition 18. One who listens secretly to private conversation?
9. Hard of hearing (a) Eavesdropper (b) Encroacher
(a) To be disturbed (b) To be confused (c) Eaves bearer (d) Listener
(c) To be deaf (d) To be dumb
Susheel Sir AN ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution 23
Directions: Passage 23. How does a cause of worry trouble us if we suppress
Worry is a very common thing. Even children worry our worry deliberately?
as much as grown up people. In his childhood, the writer (a) Causes of worry trouble us in various
used to fear that his parents would die suddenly at night. circumstances
His fear and anxiety was just imaginary. (b) Cause of worry remain in the subconscious mind
When he was on the war front in Mesopotamia, the and trouble us through bad dreams
writer came to a certain conclusion on worrying. He was (c) Causes of worry cause imaginary anxiety
a subaltern officer. It was not his duty to plan future (d) We cannot take actions cautiously and carefully
actions of war. He was there only to carry out what the Directions: passage
superiors would decide. So it was useless to worry. Crude mineral oil comes out of the earth as a thick
When he took that stand he slept soundly without worry. brown or black liquid with a strong smell. It is a
Here, the writer had some real reason to worry. But he complex mixture of many different substances, each
could get rid of it when he found it was useless to worry. with its own individual qualities. Most of them are
He followed the same principle when he was a combinations of hydrogen and carbon in varying
prisoner of war and he was in Asiatic Turkey. There, too, proportions. Such hydrocarbons are also found in
he banished his worries because nothing of his future other forms such as bitumen asphalt and natural gas.
depended on himself. The future of the prisoners of war Mineral oil originates from the carcasses of tiny
would depend on the various governments. Thus he was animals and from plants that live in the sea. Over
able to live there without much worry though he was a millions of years, these dead creatures from large
prisoner. deposits under sea-bed and ocean currents cover
But his deliberate suppression of worry during the them with a blanket of sand and silt. As this material
war and as a prisoner did not wholly eradicate his hardens, it becomes sedimentary rock and effectively
worries. The fear had gone to his subconscious mind and shuts out the oxygen, thus preventing the complete
remained there buried. After the war the writer was at decomposition of the marine deposits underneath.
home. But whenever a member of his family was absent The layers of sedimentary rocks become thicker, and
he feared all sorts of mishap happening to him or her. heavier. Their pressure produces heat, which
Moreover, he had a recurring nightmare that he had transforms the tiny carcasses into crude oil in a
become a prisoner of war and the war was not going to process that is still going on today.
end. The worries without any real cause here were the 24. How does crude oil come out of the earth?
manifestations of the fears that he had banished (a) Thick brown or black liquid with mild smell
deliberately earlier. (b) Thick red brown liquid with strong smell
19. Why was the writer able to live in jail without much (c) Mixture of different colours
worry? (d) Thick brown or black liquid with a strong smell
(a) Because nothing of his future depended on 25. What is crude mineral oil?
himself (a) Complex mixture of many different substances
(b) He was comfortable in jail (b) Simple mixture of natural gas
(c) Because he was a prisoner of war (c) Plain white oil
(d) Because worry is a common thing (d) It is bitumen
20. What was the fear of the writer in his childhood? 26. From where does mineral oil originate?
(a) That his parents might drive him out of home (a) Complex mixture of substances
(b) That his parents would die suddenly at night (b) Carcasses of tiny animals and plants that live in
(c) That he might fail in the examinations the sea
(d) That he might be made a prisoner (c) From takes
21. Where was the writer when he concluded that worry (d) Only from Plants
was useless? 27. The time taken for the marine deposits to harden into
(a) The writer was in Asiatic Turkey rock is
(b) The writer was at home (a) a few centuries (b) millions of years
(c) The writer was on the war front in Mesopotamia (c) a few decades (d) thousands of years
(d) The writer was in prison 28. Sedimentary rocks leads to the formation of oil
22. What was the recurring nightmare of the writer after deposits because
the war was over? (a) Their pressure produces heat and turns deposits
(a) He dreamt that he was a prisoner in a war that of animal carcasses and plants into oil.
was not going to be over (b) It turns heavy and shuts out the oxygen
(b) He dreamt that his wife was in hospital (c) It becomes hard and form into rocks to squeeze
(c) He dreamt that a member of his family had a oil
mishap (d) It becomes light and soft and applies pressure to
(d) He dreamt he was a prisoner of war in Asiatic produce oil
Turkey
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Susheel Sir AN ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution 25