Lesson 1
Firefighting System
BY/ Hazem Ahmed
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Overview of Firefighting
• Introduction
• Fire Triangle.
• FIRES CLASSES
• Codes
• Firefighting Systems
• System Components
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The fire protection is achieved via three means:
• Active Fire Protection.
• Passive Fire Protection.
• Educational Fire Protection.
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Fire Triangle Parameters
• Air(Oxygen) Without sufficient
oxygen(Not Less than 16%),afire
cannot Begin.
• Fuel ( Flammable Material) Without
fuel, a fire will stop.
• Heat (sufficient heat to raise the
material to its ignition temperature)
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FIRES CLASSES
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Codes
• NFPA 10: STANDARD FOR PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS.
• NFPA 13: STANDARD FOR THE INSTALLATION OF SPRINKLER
SYSTEMS.
• NFPA 14: STANDARD FOR THE INSTALLATION OF STANDPIPE AND
HOSE SYSTEMS
• NFPA 20: STANDARD FOR THE INSTALLATION OF STATIONARY
PUMPS FOR FIRE PROTECTION
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Firefighting Systems
Firefighting
Systems
Classification
Water Based
Gases Based Fire Foam based
Fire Fighting
Fighting Systems system
Systems
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System Components
1-Source of water
• Ground tanks and fire water pumps
• Elevated tanks (gravity tanks)
• Pressurized tanks
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System Components
2-pipeing network
• Fire Protection Pipes
• Fire Protection Fittings
• Hangers & Supports.
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System Components
3-Control equipment network
• Valves in Pump Room
• Alarm Check Valve
• Control Panels
• Pressure Switch
• Flow Switches
• Supervisory Switches
• Pressure Reducing Valves
• Pressure Relief Valves
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System Components
4-Discharge Devises
Sprinklers, Nozzles
Hose valves, Hydrants.
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Gases Based system
Gases Based
Fire Fighting
Systems
Manual Automatic
Manual Fire FM200 CO2
extinguisher System System
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Water Based Firefighting Systems
Water Based
Firefighting
Systems
Manual Automatic
Stand pipe Siamese Open Head Closed Head
Fire hydrant
SYS. connection Systems Systems
Water Curtain Cooling Deluge Preaction Sprinkler
Systems Systems Systems Systems Systems
Wet Systems Dry Systems
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Manual System
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Gas system
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FM200
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FOAM SYSTEM
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DELUGE
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SPRINKLER
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Lesson 2
Firefighting System
BY/ Hazem Ahmed
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Water Based
Fire Fighting
Systems
Automatic
System
Sprinklers
SYS.
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Sprinkler system
• How Do Fire Sprinklers Work?
• Automatic fire sprinklers are individually heat-activated and attached to a
network of piping with water under pressure.
• When the heat of a fire raises the sprinkler temperature to its operating
temperature (usually 186 deg F), a solder link will melt or a liquid-filled
glass bulb will shatter.
• Then the sprinkler will open, releasing water and sounding an alarm.
• By acting automatically at the origin of a fire, sprinklers prevent a fire
from growing to a dangerous size
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Sprinklers Systems
There Are 4 main types of systems:
• Wet Pipe Sprinkler System
• Dry Pipe Sprinkler System
• Pre-Action Pipe Sprinkler System
• Deluge Pipe Sprinkler System
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Wet pipe sprinkler system
A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system
containing water and connected to a water supply so that water discharges
immediately from sprinklers opened by heat from a fire.
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DRY PIPES SYSTEM
• Dry pipe sprinkler systems : contain air (or sometimes nitrogen) in the riser
and piping at all times. The air (or nitrogen) is under pressure and this
pressure maintains a (differential dry pipe valve ) in the closed position.
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DRY PIPES SYSTEM
• When a sprinkler head activates, the air (or nitrogen) is exhausted through
the open head, thus allowing the differential dry pipe valve to open and
water to be admitted to the riser and piping.
• Dry pipe systems are installed where there is danger of freezing or high
temperature.
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PRE-ACTION PIPES SYSTEM
• Pre-action pipe sprinkler system : A sprinkler system employing automatic
sprinklers that are attached to a piping system that contains air that might or
might not be under pressure , with a supplemental detection system
installed in the same areas as the sprinklers.
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DELUGE PIPES SYSTEM
• Deluge pipe sprinkler system : A sprinkler system employing open sprinklers
or nozzles that are attached to a piping system that is connected to a water
supply through valve that is opened by the operation of the detection
system installed in the same areas as the sprinklers or the nozzles , when this
valve is opens ,water flows into the piping system and discharges from all
sprinklers or nozzles attached there to.
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Sprinklers Main Types:
• Pendent sprinkler.
• Upright sprinkler.
• Side Wall sprinkler.
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Temperature Rating
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Sprinklers design
• 1- Light hazard 2- Ordinary hazard:
• Group (1)
• Group (2) 3- Extra hazard Group (1)
• Group (2)
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• 2- Ordinary hazard (Group 1):
• ORDINARY HAZARD (GROUP 1) OCCUPANCIES SHALL
BE DEFINED AS OCCUPANCIES OR PORTIONS OF
• OTHER OCCUPANCIES WHERE COMBUSTIBILITY IS
LOW, QUANTITY OF COMBUSTIBLES IS MODERATE,
• STOCKPILES OF COMBUSTIBLES DO NOT EXCEED 8
FT (2.4 M), AND FIRES WITH MODERATE RATES OF
• HEAT RELEASE ARE EXPECTED.
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• 3- Extra hazard (Group 1):
• EXTRA HAZARD (GROUP 1) OCCUPANCIES SHALL BE DEFINED
AS OCCUPANCIES OR PORTIONS OF OTHER
• OCCUPANCIES WHERE THE QUANTITY AND COMBUSTIBILITY
OF CONTENTS ARE VERY HIGH AND DUST, LINT,
• OR OTHER MATERIALS ARE PRESENT, INTRODUCING THE
PROBABILITY OF RAPIDLY DEVELOPING FIRES WITH
• HIGH RATES OF HEAT RELEASE BUT WITH LITTLE OR NO
COMBUSTIBLE OR FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS.
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Lesson 4
Firefighting System
BY/ Hazem Ahmed
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Pump room components
• Main fire pump
• Stand-by fire pump
• Jockey pump
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INSTALLATION OF PUMP ROOM
• Suction
• Discharge line
• Test line
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Lesson 5
Firefighting System
BY/ Hazem Ahmed
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NFPA 20 REGULATIONS
•pumps shallot be limited to capacities of less than 1892
L/min (500 gpm).
The meaning of (SHALL) in NFPA code : Indicates a mandatory
requirement
•It should delivered with pumps test certification from
manufacturer states about testing the pumps with its control
panels
•If the pump according American specs it should be UL or FM
certification states about testing the pump according American
specs
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CO2 & CLEAN AGENT GASES
CO2 & CLEAN AGENT GASES
CO2 CLEAN AGENT
HALOCARBON
INERT GAS
AGENT
Argon Nitrogen FM 200 NOVIC
Inergen Argonite NAF S FE 13
ECARO-25
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Total flooding CO2 and clean agent fire extinguishing
systems are used primarily to protect hazards that are in
enclosures or equipment that, in itself, includes an
enclosure to contain the agent
• ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC HAZARDS
• Flammable and combustible liquids and gases
• Other high-value assets
• Telecommunications facilities
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Clean agents shall not be used on fires involving the
following materials unless they have been tested to the
satisfaction of the authority having jurisdiction
• Certain chemicals or mixtures of chemicals, such as cellulose nitrate and gunpowder, that is capable of
rapid oxidation in the absence of air.
• Reactive metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, titanium, zirconium, uranium, and
plutonium
• Chemicals capable of undergoing auto thermal decomposition
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Fire Cabinets (Stand Pipe System)
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• A cabinet that contains hose rack assemble, class I, class II
or class III fire department valves, fire extinguishers or
various combination according to designer specifications.
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System Types
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Fire cabinets components
• Cabinets
• Hose
• Hose rack
• Nozzles
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Fire Extinguishers
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Fire Extinguishers
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