MEGAreview
PLANE GEOMETRY
By : Francis Verbo
In Mathematics, a polygon is a closed two-dimensional
shape having straight line segments. It is not a three-dimensional
shape. A polygon does not have any curved surface. A polygon
should have at least three sides. Each side of the line segment
must intersect with another line segment only at its endpoint.
Based on the number of sides of a polygon, we can easily identify
the polygon shape.
Classification of Polygon
(by interior angles)
Convex Polygon Concave Polygon
General Polygon
Sum of Interior Angle
Vertex
Side
Sum of Exterior Angle
Interior Angle
Number of Diagonals
Perimeter (sum of sides)
Exterior Angle
Regular of Polygon
If a polygon contains congruent sides & equal interior
angle, then that is called a regular polygon.
Regular Polygons
Equilateral Triangle Square Pentagon Hexagon Heptagon
Side : 3 Side : 4 Side : 5 Side : 6 Side : 7
Octagon Nonagon Decagon Hendecagon Dodecagon
Side : 8 Side : 9 Side : 10 Side : 11 Side : 12
Regular Polygons
Side length and Interior Angles are Equal Total Central Angle
n – number of side/vertex/interior angle
Circumscribing Circle
Central Angle ( )
O Perimeter
Area
Inscribed Circle
How many diagonal are there in a polygon having 24 sides?
The center of the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, is a courtyard in the
shape of a regular pentagon. The pentagon could be inscribed in a circle
with radius of 300 feet. Find the area of the courtyard.
Triangles
In Geometry, a triangle is a three-sided polygon that
consists of three edges and three vertices. The most
important property of a triangle is that the sum of the
internal angles of a triangle is equal to 180 degrees.
Area of a Triangle
Given: 2 sides and
Given: All Sides Given: Base and Height included angle
Semi Perimeter Area Area
Area
A landscaper wants to plant begonias along the edges of a triangular plot of land in
Winton Woods Park. Two of the angles of the triangle measure 95° and 40°. The side
between these two angles is 80 feet long. What is the perimeter and area of this
triangular plot of land?
A cord 93 cm long is divided into two parts from which two equilateral triangles are
formed. If the total area of the triangles is 220 cm2, find the ratio of the perimeter of
the smaller and the larger triangle.
Quadrilaterals
ANONG FAVORITE NYONG
GIN
(QUATRO CANTOS)
Common Quadrilaterals
Square Rectangle Rhombus
Area : Area : Area :
Perimeter : Perimeter : Perimeter :
Diagonal : Diagonal : Diagonal :
Trapezoid
Area :
General Quadrilaterals
Given all sides and sum
Perimeter of opposite angles(E):
𝟐
Given the lengths of diagonals
and the angle between them:
A
𝟏 𝟐
B B
d
A
a
c
C
D D
b C
Nine playing cards from the same deck are placed to form a large rectangle whose area
is 180 square inches. There is no space between the cards and no overlap. What is the
perimeter of this rectangle?
Anong tagalog ng rektangol?
The base angles of a trapezoid are 34° and 48°, respectively. If its upper and lower
bases are 120 m and 220 m, respectively, compute the area of the trapezoid.
The sides of a quadrilateral are 10m, 8m, 16m and 20m, respectively. Two opposite
interior angles have a sum of 225degrees. Find the area of the quadrilateral in sq.m.
GIN
Circles
Theorems of circle
Central Angle Theorem Thales Theorem
o
Theorems of circle
Cross-chord Theorem Secant-secant Theorem
Secant-tangent Theorem
A goat is tied outside a triangular fenced garden at point A. Sides of the fence are
AB=8m, BC = 10m and CA = 6 m. The length of the rope which the goat is tied is 10m,
find the area over which the goat can graze outside the fence.
In the figure shown, EA = 15 cm, AB = 15 cm, CD = 18 cm, and Angle CED = 20 degrees.
Determine the following:
The length of segment ED.
Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD.
Polyhedrons
A three-dimension figure composed of flat polygonal faces, straight
edges, and sharp corners (vertices)
Formulas
Vertex
Euler’s Polyhedrons Formula
Edge
Regular Polyhedrons
• each face is the same regular polygon
• the same number of polygons meet at each vertex (corner)
PLATONIC SOLIDS
Polyhedra Vertices Faces Edges Sides Volume
Cube 8 6 12 Square
Tetrahedron 4 4 6 Triangle
Octahedron 6 8 12 Triangle
Dodecahedron 20 12 30 Pentagon
Icosahedron 12 20 30 Triangle
A truncated prism has a horizontal base ABC. AB=
30 cm, BC= 40 cm and CA= 50 cm. The vertical
edges through A and C are 18 cm and 27 cm long.
If the volume of the prism is 13800 cm3, determine
the height of the vertical edge at B.
SITUATION. A prism has a base in the shape of a
hexagon with each side measuring 10 cm. The
bases are 15 cm apart.
1. What is the volume of the right prism?
2. What is the lateral surface area of the prism?
A solid has a circular base of diameter 18cm.
Find the volume of the solid if every cutting
plane perpendicular to the base along a given
diameter is an equilateral triangle.
A sphere whose surface area is 100π cm2
1. Calculate the volume of the sphere.
2. Calculate the volume and the total surface area of the
spherical wedge if it has a subtended angle of 60°.
3. Calculate the volume of the smaller solid formed if a
cutting plane is passed 2 cm from the center.
4. If two parallel cutting planes are passed through the
sphere (within the same hemisphere), such that they
are 1 cm and 2 cm from the center of the circle,
determine the volume between the two planes.
5. Determine the area of the zone for the previous item.
A sphere whose surface area is 100π cm2
1. Calculate the volume of the sphere.
2. Calculate the volume and the total surface area of the
spherical wedge if it has a subtended angle of 60°.
3. Calculate the volume of the smaller solid formed if a
cutting plane is passed 2 cm from the center.
1
Line of a Triangle
Median
Angle Bisector
Altitude
Perpendicular Bisector
Median B Angle Bisector
c B
Centroid
Incenter
A
O
a A
a
b
b
C C
Altitude Perpendicular Bisector
B B
c c
Orthocenter
A
A a
a
b b
Circumcenter
C C
𝒕
A circle is inscribed in a regular polygon whose sum of its interior
angles equal to 540 degrees. If the radius of the circle is 5m,
1. Find the area between the circle and the polygon.
2. Find the area of the circle that circumscribes the polygon
A circle is inscribed in a regular
polygon whose sum of its interior
angles equal to 540 degrees. If the
radius of the circle is 5m,
1. Find the area between the circle
and the polygon.
2. Find the area of the circle that
circumscribes the polygon
Intelligence Diligence
Success Triangle
Luck
