1
1 A student has an object with a mass of 5.0 kg.
Calculate the weight of the object.
weight of object = ....................................................... N [2]
[Total: 2]
2 The weight of a skydiver is 750 N.
Calculate the mass of the skydiver.
mass = ........................................................ kg [3]
[Total: 3]
3 The mass of a textbook is 1300 g.
Calculate the weight of the textbook.
weight = .............................................. N [3]
[Total: 3]
4 The diagram shows a boat stored in a shed. The boat is suspended from the ceiling of
the shed
by two ropes.
ceiling
60° 60°
ropes
T T
boat
2
The tension T in each of the ropes is 75 N.
(a) Draw a vector diagram to determine the resultant of the forces exerted by the
two ropes on
the boat. State the scale you used.
scale = ..............................................
magnitude of resultant force = ..............................................
direction of resultant force = .............................................. [4]
(b) Determine the mass of the boat.
mass = .............................................. [1]
[Total: 5]
3
5 The mass of an empty beaker is 400 g.
Calculate the weight of the empty beaker.
weight = .............................................. N [4]
[Total: 4]
6 The diagram shows two children sitting on a see-saw.
(not to scale)
The weight of child A is 125 N.
Calculate the mass of child A. Include the unit in your answer.
mass of child A = ................................... unit .............. [3]
4
[Total: 3]
7 The volume of a block is 0.0089 m
3
. The mass of the block is 70 kg.
3
. The mass of the block is 70
kg.
Calculate the density of the block.
3
[3] density = ..............................................
kg/m
[Total: 3]
3
8 A bowl contains 500 cm of water at a temperature of 5.0 °C. The
bowl of water is placed in a freezer
3
of water at a temperature of 5.0 °C. The bowl of water is placed in
a freezer
for several hours. When the bowl is removed from the freezer, it contains ice at a
temperature of
–18.0 °C. The density of water is 1000 kg / m
3
.
(a) Calculate the mass of water in the bowl when it is placed in the freezer.
mass = .............................................. [2]
(b) The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg °C). The specific heat
capacity of ice is
2100 J / (kg °C). The specific latent heat of fusion of water is 3.3 × 10
5
J/ kg.
5
J/ kg.
Calculate the energy given out as the water cools from 5.0 °C to ice at –18.0 °C.
energy = .............................................. [5]
[Total: 7]
5
9 The diagram shows a metal block and its dimensions.
12.0 cm
2.0 cm
2.0 cm
Calculate the volume of the metal block.
3
[2] volume of the block =
.................................................. cm
[Total: 2]
3
10 A sample of sand has a volume of 30.050 m . The
density of the sand is 1900 kg / m . The specific
3 3
. The density of the sand is 1900 kg / m . The
specific
heat capacity of the sand is 1500 J / (kg °C).
(a) Calculate the mass of the sample of sand.
mass = ..................................................... [2]
(b) Calculate the thermal capacity of the sample of sand.
thermal capacity = ..................................................... [2]
[Total: 4]
6
11 The diagram shows a measuring cylinder before and after having a stone lowered into it.
Calculate the volume of the stone.
3
[2] volume = .......................................... cm
[Total: 2]
12 The diagram shows a beaker containing liquid on a top pan balance.
The mass of the empty beaker is 400 g.
7
(a) Using the information in the diagram, determine the mass of the liquid in the beaker.
mass =.............................................. g [1]
(b) The
3
beaker contains 750 cm
of liquid.
3
of
liquid.
Calculate the density of the liquid.
3
[3] density = ..............................................
g/cm
[Total: 4]
8
13 Two blocks, A and B, are joined by a thin thread that passes over a frictionless pulley.
Block A is
at rest on a rough horizontal surface and block B is held at rest, just below the pulley.
The diagram shows the thread hanging loose.
pulley
block A thread
block B
rough horizontal surface
(not to scale)
Block B is released and it falls vertically. The thread remains loose until block B has fallen a
distance
of 0.45 m.
The mass of block B is 0.50 kg.
Calculate the change in the gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of block B as it falls through
0.45 m.
change in g.p.e. ...................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
14 A quantity of gas is trapped by a piston in a cylinder with thin metal walls. The piston is
free to move
without friction within the cylinder.
The diagram shows the cylinder and piston.
gas
cylinder
piston
9
The cylinder is placed inside a freezer.
The air in the freezer is at atmospheric pressure, which is 1.0 × 10
5
Pa.
The area of the piston in contact with the air in the freezer is
2.4 × 10
−3
m2.
(a) Calculate the force exerted on the piston by the air in the freezer.
force = .......................................................... [2]
(b) When the cylinder is first placed into the freezer, the temperature of the gas in
the cylinder
decreases and the air pushes the piston into the cylinder.
Calculate the work done on the piston by the air in the freezer as the air pushes the piston
a
distance of 0.021 m into the cylinder.
work done = ................................................. [2]
[Total: 4]
15 The diagram shows two identical metal blocks, A and B, being lifted 3.0 m from ground level.
Block A is lifted by a motor. Block B is lifted by a person.
block A block B
mass = 70 kg mass = 70 kg
3.0 m
ground
electric level
motor
Complete the following sentences.
As the motor starts turning, it usefully transfers ............................................... energy to
............................................... energy.
Both blocks gain ............................................... energy. [3]
10
[Total: 3]
16 Diagram A shows an electric motor and pulley wheel being used to raise a load M.
The electric
motor uses a belt to turn the pulley wheel.
pulley
wheel
pivot
belt
electric motor
load M
Diagram A
When the electric motor lifts the load, it transfers energy. Diagram B shows the energy
transfers.
Write on Diagram B to complete the label in each box. The first label is done for you.
useful energy
electrical transfers .........................……………
..................... + energy
.........................……………
energy
energy
wasted
energy
.........................……………
energy
Diagram B
[3]
[Total: 3]
11
17 The diagram shows parts of a coal-fired power station.
transformer
transmission
lines
X Y
coal
steam
boiler
cold water
Describe two useful energy transfers in this power station.
1. ..............................................................................................................................................
2. ..............................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 2]
18 The mass of a canoeist is 65 kg.
Calculate her kinetic energy when travelling on still water at 2.5m / s.
energy = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
19 Some surfaces are better at emitting radiation than others.
12
(a) Describe an experiment to show whether a black surface or a white surface is the
better emitter
of radiation. You may draw a diagram.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) To ensure that the conclusion reached in the experiment in (a) is correct,
several details of
the experiment must be identical when testing the two different surfaces.
State two quantities in the experiment that you described that must be
identical during the test.
1. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 5]
13
20 An engineer makes a device that absorbs thermal energy from the Sun. The absorbed
energy heats
water.
In the device, cold water flows slowly from an upper tank, through a white plastic pipe, to a
lower
tank. Energy from the Sun heats the water as it flows, as shown in the diagram.
upper
tank cold water
Sun
white plastic
pipe
lower
tank
warm water
The engineer wants to increase the thermal energy absorbed by the water in the pipe.
Suggest two improvements he can make to increase the thermal energy absorbed.
In each case, explain why the suggestion increases the thermal energy absorbed.
improvement 1 .........................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
improvement 2 .........................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[4]
[Total: 4]
14
21 The diagram shows a road next to the sea on a sunny day.
The temperature of the road is greater than the temperature of the sea.
The surface of the road is black.
Suggest one reason why the temperature of the road is greater than that of the sea.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[1]
[Total: 1]
15
22 The diagram shows a road next to the sea.
On a sunny day, the Sun warms the road.
The temperature of the road is greater than the temperature of the sea.
The air above the road is heated by the warm road.
A cyclist travelling along the road notices that a cool breeze is blowing from the sea to the
land.
Explain how convection produces this breeze. You may include a diagram if it helps your
answer.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 3]
16
23 In some countries, the soil is too cold for plants to grow well. In these countries, plants
are grown
in plastic pots and kept inside. The pots, containing soil, are placed on sand. The sand
is heated
using an electrical heater, as shown in the diagram.
plant
soil
plastic sand
plant pot
heating element in sand
Describe, in terms of molecules, how thermal energy is transferred from the heated sand
through
the base of the plastic pot.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 2]
17
24 The diagram shows equipment used to demonstrate convection in air. A burning
candle is placed
beneath glass tube A.
The arrows in the diagram show the directions in which air moves.
Explain why the air moves as shown in the diagram.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 3]
25 Complete the sentences with words that describe the main process of thermal energy
transfer in
each case.
A man goes for a walk on a cold day. He touches a metal gate, which removes thermal
energy from his hands by ................................. . He holds the sides of a cup containing
a hot drink. His hands gain thermal energy by ................................. . Some farm workers
have lit a fire. The man warms his hands by the side of the fire. His hands gain thermal
energy by ................................. .
[3]
[Total: 3]
18
26 The diagram shows a metal pan containing water being heated by an electrical heater.
Complete the sentence to describe how thermal energy is transferred.
Thermal energy is transferred throughout the water by .............................................. .
[1]
[Total: 1]
27 The diagram shows the inside of an electric oven. The diagram shows a side view of the oven.
The heater is switched on.
On the diagram, draw two arrows to show how thermal energy moves throughout the oven by
convection. [2]
[Total: 2]
28 An oven is in a kitchen that is fitted with a smoke detector.
Warm, moving air can carry smoke particles.
Suggest the best position for the smoke detector in the kitchen.
..................................................................................................................................................
[1]
19
[Total: 1]
29 Some materials are poor conductors of thermal energy (heat energy).
State the term that describes materials that are poor conductors of thermal energy.
..................................................................................................................................................
[1]
[Total: 1]
30 A student constructs a device for absorbing thermal energy from the Sun. The diagram
shows the
device.
The student places the white plastic pipe in sunlight. The cold water flows slowly from Tank A
to
Tank B. Energy from the Sun heats the water in the pipe.
The student wants to increase the thermal energy absorbed by the water in the pipe. Suggest
three
improvements he can make to increase the thermal energy absorbed.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
2 ...............................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
3 ...............................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 3]
20
31 A battery provides energy to an electric car.
The electric car has an acceleration of 2.9m/s
2
when it moves from rest. The combined
mass of the car and its driver is 1600 kg.
Calculate the kinetic energy of the car when its speed is 28m/s.
kinetic energy = .............................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
32 The diagram shows water stored in a reservoir behind a hydroelectric dam.
reservoir
150 m
generator
turbine
(not to scale)
The water flows to the turbine through a pipe of constant cross-sectional area.
Explain why the kinetic energy of the water in the pipe remains constant as it flows through
the
pipe.
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 2]
