Model Printing

[00:00:00.00] [MUSIC PLAYING]

[00:00:08.41] IAN SCHNOOR: Welcome back to the final lesson in the Financial Modeling
Practical Skills Module. In this unit, we've talked about model troubleshooting and checking.
And in the last lesson, I showed you how to start thinking about your output calculations in the
executive summary.

[00:00:24.10] There's really only one last thing that I want to talk about and that is, how do you
make it presentable? I get questions all the time about how do you print it nicely?

[00:00:33.17] So now that it's built, now that it's working and you're ready to present it, I want to
spend some time with you, our final lesson together, on what sorts of tips can you use to make it
really print well so that you can communicate off it.

[00:00:47.92] Remember, from a very early lesson, I talked about the fact that the model has to
be a communication tool. When I build models for clients, I usually don't even bother building
slides that go with them. I just bring the model with me. The model is my presentation. And that
usually works.

[00:01:07.01] And so I want you to know how can you then build it nicely, once it's built and set
it up, so that you can easily print it and bring it along with you or send it as a PDF as a
presentation.

[00:01:18.26] Let me go ahead and share my screen here. You can see here I'm showing you the
PDF. I'm starting this lesson with the PDF. One more time as a reminder-- let me go into Print
Preview mode here in the screen. You can see if I make it a little bit larger.

[00:01:34.66] You now know the flow and you know the order. You know there's a cover
followed by an executive summary. But I want to remind you in this lesson what I've done. I'm
trying to build it so it feels like a presentation with a professional cover page, and names, and
logos, and an executive summary that has headers and footers, and an equal amount of space on
both sides.

[00:01:56.00] Again, it's not easy to read the numbers from this distance. But if you had it on the
screen, or you printed it, it would look very legible, very easy to follow.

[00:02:05.08] And then of course, we got into the assumptions and the inputs. And as I went
down, and as I went from page to page, imagine that your client or your boss was flipping this--
flipping from page to page-- what they would see is things that build a lot of confidence.

[00:02:20.02] They would see equal headers on every page. They would see a scenario tag. They
would recognize that there is an equal amount of space on every page. They would see footers.
They would see page numbers. It would feel to them-- your reader would feel like this is a
powerful, professional, cohesive presentation.
[00:02:41.32] And now you're seeing all the schedules that you've built up together. But it
hopefully feels like something that you would be confident and proud to present.

[00:02:50.47] But there's one step to get there, and that's how to get the printing working so that
it does print nicely. When I say print, I mean either printing it on paper or as a PDF, because it's
really the same. What you do to make it print ready on paper is exactly the same to make it print
ready as a PDF. And so we need to get it working.

[00:03:10.82] And again having it look and feel like a presentation really inspires a lot of
confidence with your audience. And that's what we're trying to achieve here.

[00:03:19.01] So how do we get this working? Well let me go back into the notes file. Because
I'm going to share with you a bunch of notes as we do this here. Here you can see the notes. And
I will be bouncing into the model as well and you're welcome to build these up with me.

[00:03:32.94] So here are some printing tips for any financial model that you will ever build.
And there's a whole bunch of them. And let's go through them, step by step.

[00:03:40.20] The first thing is less of a technical tip and more of a mindset. You have to have
their right mindset. And when I say mindset, I mean when you build your models, you need to
set up your model in print-sized pages. You need to be thinking about the printing every moment
that you're building. Every section, every schedule that you build, you should be thinking about
the printability as you go.

[00:04:09.95] Meaning it's very, very difficult to have a model that's a mess and then think you
can print it nicely. If the model is a mess, it's going to be very hard to get it printed. So we need
to be thinking.

[00:04:19.44] So what does that mean? It means when you're building your model, you should be
thinking in print-sized pages. And I would say that from rule of thumb you can get
approximately 8 to 10 columns of numbers on a sheet and have it print nicely. So 8 to 10
columns is reasonable, and approximately 35 to 50 rows.

[00:04:42.62] So if you want to think about a print-sized range that's actually legible and
readable, you can only get about 8 to 10 columns of numbers, plus your labels, and 35 to 50
rows. Let's go take a look at that in the model, then.

[00:04:54.85] So here is the Revenue Schedule. Now you can see the Revenue Schedule. I have
5 columns. We've got 5 columns in our forecast, plus we have 3 historical columns, plus I have a
units column. And then I have a couple of columns with my labels. So that's kind of it. And that
prints nicely.

[00:05:13.79] You can see that when I went into the Print Preview mode, it prints nicely. I could
probably get 1 or 2 more columns. I could probably squeeze in a couple more columns to have
10. So what I have-- 5. I've got 8 columns of numbers in total. Maybe I could squeeze in 2, 3, 4
more and just shrink them a little bit.
[00:05:34.59] But it's not going to be possible to have 20. I'm not going to be able to put 20 years
on one sheet of paper. If you had 20 columns, you would have to do it on 2 sheets. You'd have to
have 1 sheet that has years 1 to 10, and then the second sheet would show years 11 to 20. You
just need to be manageable and mindful as you build it.

[00:05:57.20] Same thing-- let's look at how many rows. This revenue schedule goes down to
row 29. It's not that deep. So it's 29 rows of my revenue schedule. My cost schedule starts in row
30 and goes till row 70. So the cost schedule is approximately 40 rows tall. It goes from 30 to 70,
40.

[00:06:15.35] And once again, when I did the print preview here, you see my Revenue schedule
is only 30 rows long and there's a lot of empty space. The cost schedules are 40 rows long and
there's a little bit of extra space. But that makes you realize that the tip that I just showed you,
you can get approximately 35 to 50 rows.

[00:06:35.94] If you have a schedule that has 80 or 100 rows-- if you build a schedule and it's 80
to 100 rows or more, you're not going to be able to print it nicely on one piece of paper. You'll
have to think about doing it in 2 pages-- part 1 and then part 2. Otherwise, it'll just be too small.
So that's the first tip, is you need to be thinking about printability as you go, as you build.

[00:06:59.31] But now let's talk about the tips-- the actual tips to use to get the settings working
the way you want. And you'll remember I mentioned this in an earlier lesson that there is a
keyboard shortcut, which is Alt-PSP. We want to go to the Page Layout menu, which is Alt-P.
Remember, Alt-P takes me to the Page Layout.

[00:07:18.81] And then you could go to any of these buttons, but I like to go to PSP. This is this
one, which activates this little button. Alt-PSP is my Page Setup menu. It says go to the Page
Layout, which is in the Page Setup menu-- Alt-PSP.

[00:07:36.27] And what I want to do now is show you what to do on each of these 4 tabs. These
are all very important tabs and I want you to see what the setup is on each one to make sure your
model is printable.

[00:07:49.33] So the Page tab is the very first one and there's a few things to keep in mind on the
Page tab, and then we'll do the next one, is you want to set to landscape and scaling. And I
encourage scaling to be somewhere between 80% to 90%, maybe 95%.

[00:08:06.43] You could go a little smaller but you can't go a lot less than 80%, otherwise it's not
going to be legible. It will be hard to read. Let's go look at that in the model.

[00:08:15.44] So I said, let's go into the Alt-PSP, Alt-P, and then SP again will open up this
menu-- Alt-PSP. So let's look at the Page tab. And I just said that in the model, most financial
models will be set to landscape because typically, we show the years across the top. So most
financial models-- forecast models-- are set to landscape.
[00:08:38.86] And then the other important thing on this particular Page tab is the scaling. And
my recommendation is that you probably don't want to go much less than 80. When you go less
than 80, it starts to get very hard to read. Maybe you've seen this before.

[00:08:54.62] I've seen lots of people's models where they have way too much information for a
page, so and they can't print it. And they think, oh, darn. That's a problem. And so they think,
well, I can squeeze everything in by changing the scaling. Have you ever done that?

[00:09:08.41] And they'll bring it down to 70 and that still doesn't work. And then they scale
down to 60, or to 50, or to 40. And then they need to send you a magnifying glass to read it
because it's too small.

[00:09:21.28] It's going to be very hard for people who-- it's just hard to read. And especially
people with glasses or people whose eyesight is not great, I would caution you. I would warn you
that if you go below 80, it's going to start getting hard to read normally. People will have to
really strain their eyes to see it.

[00:09:42.94] So I tend to go 80 to 90 as my standard. This one, I did 95, but that's the normal,
general range.

[00:09:53.35] Paper size-- I'm using letter paper. For those of you in other parts of the world, in
Europe, you might select to 84 paper, but this is going to be paper size. And you can choose that
and that's all you need on this particular tab.

[00:10:10.96] Now the next thing I'm going to show you then is-- so that's the first thing to think
about is, how do you want to set up the Page tab?

[00:10:16.28] The next thing to think about is the Margins tab. And I've got some guidance for
you here. The second tab is the Margin tab. I encourage you to minimize the margins. There is
no reason for big margins. It takes up more space keep the margins small. So if you're working in
inches, I would encourage you to keep them to a quarter of an inch to half an inch. If you're
working in millimeters, I would keep them 5 to 10 millimeters.

[00:10:40.85] And we're going to click on this nice option that says center on the page
horizontally. Let's go back and watch this. So on this model sheet, let's go back into Alt-PSP.
And now that we've done the Page tab, let's go to the Margins tab.

[00:10:56.06] And you can see here, I've kept the margins small. You don't need to have a lot of
space at the top. So I've got a quarter of an inch for my top and my header. I've set all of them to
a quarter except for the bottom, because you'll recall I have a footer. And so my footer-- I've left
half an inch at the bottom. But play with this so that it fits the way you want your model to look.

[00:11:18.74] This is a nice setting I like. I like to click center on the page horizontally. Let me
unclick it. Watch what happens when I unclick it. If you unclick it, then by default, your model
will be left justified. And you may end up with a lot of space on the right and just a little bit on
the left.
[00:11:35.79] So what I like to do is say center the model on the page horizontally. That ensures
you'll have an equal amount of space on the left and an equal amount of space on the right.

[00:11:43.85] I don't use this one. There's no need to center vertically. So this one shouldn't stay
off-- centering vertically. It's just the horizontal one that we like to use.

[00:11:52.70] And by the way, you can get to Print Preview from here. You can actually print or
get to Print Preview. And if I went to Print Preview now, you would see here that I've kept the
margins really small, so my header goes to the top and I have an equal amount of space on the
left as I do on the right. It starts to feel like a bit of a presentation. And that's the second tab in
the Print menu.

[00:12:15.26] Let's go back now. So we've talked about the Page tab and we've talked about the
Margins tab. Let's now do the next tab, which is the Header Footer tab.

[00:12:23.18] Now I did a lesson much, much earlier, where I showed you how to actually set up
the headers and footers. So I will do this quickly. But as a reminder, on the custom Footer tab,
we're going to use the buttons. We're going to use the specific buttons. And it's nice to be able to
have headers and footers the way you like them.

[00:12:47.14] So let's go back again to this here. I will go back into my Header Footer tab. And
as a reminder, I already showed this to you but this is nice. I like to use this button that says the
Custom Footer.

[00:13:01.57] You remember from an earlier lesson, when we went to Custom Footer, you have
a left section, a center section and a right section. And I showed you how I set this up by using
the buttons here. There's a date and a button. And there's a date and a time button. Those are
these 2. There's buttons for file path you could choose to use. Play with it.

[00:13:20.95] There's buttons that you could put in for page numbers. I use the page numbers
and the total number of pages in the middle section. You could, if you wanted to, put a company
logo in one of these areas. You could do that. There's a button-- I have not done it, but you could
click the picture button and that would allow you to insert a picture or a logo on every page in
the footer. Whatever you find helpful is what you should include on your footers.

[00:13:47.86] Now as a reminder, I did not use the custom headers because we had built-- as you
now know, in every lesson I showed you, I have the headers directly in the Excel sheet. So I have
not used custom headers. But if you like them and it works for you, then you should use them as
well. They work exactly the same way. And so that is the Header Footer.

[00:14:11.20] There's only one tab left-- the Sheet tab. That might be the most important one.
This is the one that people have sometimes not seen and are not familiar with. Watch this.

[00:14:19.24] On the Sheet tab, there's a trick here. The trick is that when you set up the print
ranges for a model, I recommend that each page should be set up separately and then separated
by at least 1 blank row. I'll show you what I'm talking about.
[00:14:36.52] Each page in the model should be set up separately. And you can also choose to
repeat rows if you want at the top or on the left. And there's also an option down then over,
versus over then down. We are going to use the first one here, which is down then over.

[00:14:57.25] Let me show you what each of these means, because this is a key part of getting
the printing working, is understanding how to navigate the Sheet tab. This is something that, as I
said, people have usually not seen or are not familiar with. Take a look at this.

[00:15:13.70] When I go back into my Page Setup menu, I'm going to go here. Now when I click
on the Sheet tab, take a look at this. In the print area-- this is a very important box and you can
see a huge amount here. The trick is to set up each-- let me move this out of the way. The trick to
do this really nicely is to set up each page separately.

[00:15:35.13] So you see here it says B1 to O29. That is the revenue page. And then I entered a
comma. I'm actually going to build it for you. So just hang on tight for a second here.

[00:15:46.86] So you select your first page range and then enter a comma. And you must leave at
least 1 blank row. So the Revenue Schedule goes to row 29, and then I left 1 blank row. And
then my cost schedule starts in row 31. So you can see the next thing is I started with row 31 was
the next page, 31 to 70 is my cost page.

[00:16:11.04] I chose to select each page separately. And it gives you a lot of nice flexibility if
you do that. Let me show you what it would look like. I'm going to delete this for a second.

[00:16:20.68] Let's pretend you were going to do it yourself. If this was blank, what you would
do is you would go put your cursor in cell B1, and you hold the Shift key and the arrows, and
you can select just the area you want.

[00:16:33.78] So look what I did. It's very, very fast. I selected all the rows and columns in the
Revenue Schedule. And then all you do is you enter a comma. Now that one is locked in.

[00:16:44.19] Next I'm going to put my cursor at the top of the Cost Schedule. And I will select
the cells I want just for the Cost Schedule. And then I'll lock that in. It will take 5 minutes-- that's
it-- to set up the entire model. Add them all in.

[00:17:02.13] Now you might be wondering why. This is not what people always do. People
usually don't do this. What people typically do is they set up one print range. People typically go
from B to O and they'll go all the way down here. They'll go all the way down to-- let's say,
whatever-- row 5E. They'll select the entire model all the way down.

[00:17:24.55] And then what people will do is add in page breaks. They'll go and insert. Here in
the Insert menu, they will insert a page back. You get much, much less ability to have flexibility
that way. I'm going to go out of this. I'm going to hit Escape to go back the way it was.

[00:17:43.69] And I'm going to tell you why now. There's two great reasons why it's really nice
to have each page separated by a comma, each one entered separately.
[00:17:54.82] So the first is this. By the way, let's take a look at the Page Layout menu. In the
Page Layout menu, which is this one-- sorry I mean, the View menu. If I go to the View menu
here-- I always use the keyboard. If I go to the Alt key-- if I go to Alt, the View menu is you can
click View or click Alt-W. Generally I like to look under a normal view which is Alt-W and then
L. That's a normal view.

[00:18:17.94] But you can also-- some people like to look at their models under Page Break
Preview, which is I, Alt-WI. Watch when I click on the Page Break Preview. It looks like this.

[00:18:27.15] When you come to the Page Break Preview mode, what you do is you now see
each page separate. And it says-- you see these gray words. This doesn't print, but you can see in
this view mode, it says page 1. It says page 2. It says page 3. So you can see each page.

[00:18:47.42] And you notice that there is a gray row in the middle. It shows you where they are
separated. But let me tell you now why it's nice to set up each page separately-- a couple of
reasons.

[00:18:57.32] Sometimes in a model, you have an extra column on one page. So for instance,
let's pretend that the Income Statement had an extra column. Because let's pretend we had some
CAGRs, some Compound Annual Growth Rates. Let's pretend I had some compound annual
growth rates, but they were just on the income statement.

[00:19:16.80] If you choose to set up each page separately, you could have made an extra
column. Do you see what I just did? In this mode, I used my mouse and I grabbed the blue bar,
hold the mouse button down, and I extended it. And now I have an extra column here.

[00:19:37.18] And let's pretend I added something here called CAGRs. And let's just pretend-- I
just want you to see this. If I had CAGRs here and then I had a bunch of numbers-- I'm just
going to put a box just so you can-- I'm going to put a box on this CAGR column.

[00:19:53.14] What I want to point out is that if I was to print this now-- now by the way, let's go
back into the Sheet tab. Look what's done here. If you look very carefully, the first one, the
Revenue Schedule has gone from B1 to O29, B to O. Cost is B to O. But the Income Statement
has gone from B to P. There's an extra column just on the income statement. But the other
schedules still go from B to O, B to O.

[00:20:19.60] Well the really nice thing about that is take a look. If I was to do a Print Preview--
if I were to do a Print Preview, the Revenue Schedule is still nicely centered. There's an equal
amount of space on the left and on the right. I don't have that extra column. Same thing with the
Cost Schedule, equal amount of space left and right.

[00:20:38.59] But now suddenly my Income Statement, I have this extra CAGR column, but I
still have an equal amount of space on the left and on the right. But it did not add that extra space
on every single page. So you can have a lot of flexibility in terms of the way things work.
[00:20:56.33] The other thing I probably should do is if I had added an extra column on the
Income Statement, what would have been nice to do as well is to copy my header. Look, I've
now centered the headers over the entire width, including this new CAGR column.

[00:21:13.69] And so if I go to Print Preview, look, the Revenue Page is still nicely centered.
The Cost Page is still nicely centered. The Income Statement stays nicely centered. You see, as I
go back and forth, the Income Statement is centered but there's still an equal amount of space.
Really looks very professional to be able to have this.

[00:21:30.47] So one benefit of setting up each page is that you can customize if you need extra
columns on a given page or not. But the other nice thing is this. What if you built the model and
then your client said-- what if my client said, Ian, can you print-- will you please-- what if your
client said, yeah, I like that you have the Revenue Schedule and then you have your Cost
Schedule.

[00:21:54.00] But what if my client said, Ian, can you print the Income Statement first? When
you print it out as a PDF, can you print the Income Statement first and then the revenues? No
problem. All you need to do is this.

[00:22:06.65] If you want to print the Income Statement first, all you have to do is very, very
carefully go in. And you can see here, this is the page range of my-- this is the page range of the
Income Statement. So all I'm going to do is move it. I just cut it out of there. So I've cut it and I
will paste it into the very front.

[00:22:27.96] So now in terms of my printing, it should print the Income Statement first, and
then the Revenue Schedule and then the Cost Schedule. You can very easily change the print
order if you set up each page separately. Let me click OK just so you can see that. And I want
you to see what happens.

[00:22:43.46] Look-- now when I'm in the Print Preview mode, the Revenue Schedule is page 2.
And the Cost Schedule is page 3. The Income Statement is going to print first as page 1. Take a
look. When I go to my Print Preview mode, first it's the Income Statement, then it's the Revenue
Schedule then is the Cost Schedule.

[00:23:02.18] Nobody knows this stuff. And these are really great things that you can do. I mean
I shouldn't say nobody. There are people that know these tips. But usually when I encounter
people building models, they're not familiar with these little nuance tips. They really allow you
to work professionally in the roles you're in, and do whatever you need, in terms of the
presentation and printability, of your models.

[00:23:24.24] Let's go back. I'll leave that as it is. But I wanted you to see that. Is there anything
else to take a look at on the Sheet tab? Yes. On the Sheet tab, so I've just showed you this is how
you set up each page.

[00:23:38.85] If you had some headers-- you know that I have not populated these boxes, the
rows to repeat at the top or the columns to repeat at the left. But if you chose to just have headers
in row 1 to 3 and then repeat them, you could just say, hey, repeat rows 1 to 3. You could have
rows 1 to 3 repeat at the top of every page. Some people like doing this in their models.

[00:23:58.47] If you always wanted-- if you had a very wide model, if the model went on for--
let's say-- 20 years, you could choose to say columns A to D-- let's pretend these were the labels,
A, B, C and D. You could have those repeat.

[00:24:13.58] So if you had more columns off to the right, you could print. You don't have to
have the labels repeated. You could make sure that when it prints, that columns A, B, C and D
always get repeated as well.

[00:24:26.63] So there's a lot of neat, nice things you can do. You can choose to print grid lines
or not. And you can take a look at other settings here that you want to use.

[00:24:33.61] And last, I've set this setting page order to down then over. My model is entirely
vertical. It goes down. So this is the setting I want. But if you had 20 or 30 years, you might
choose to print over and then down. You might do all the revenue years and then come down and
print all the cost years. So you can select whichever setting is going to work for you, based on
the model that you have built.

[00:25:00.99] That is what is going on in these particular tabs here. There's just a couple of last
things left to talk about. That's what's going on the Sheet tab. Some really nice tips that, as I said,
are not as well known as they should be, but it allows you to get your model to the next level,
polished and presentable for your reader.

[00:25:19.38] The last thing to show you then in this lesson is how would you print multiple
sheets sequentially. How do you print multiple sheets? Because what you might notice-- you
probably notice this. Let's go back to the PDF.

[00:25:30.39] In the PDF-- and I will look at this in Print Preview mode-- in the PDF the
executive summary says page 2 of 15. And then the inputs is 3 of 15. And then the inputs, again,
4 of 15. 5-- it's showing the entire model printed sequentially. 6 of 15, 7, all the way to 15.
Really nice that it's printed the entire model sequentially.

[00:25:56.05] But how do you do that is the question, because I've got multiple tabs in this file. If
I just go to the Model sheet and I press Control-P to print, or I go to Print Preview, take a look at
the bottom here. It says page 1 of 10. I'm just printing the Model tab. Page 1 of 10, and then it
says 2 of 10, 3 of 10, 4 of 10. What did I do? How did I print all of the pages, the entire model
sequentially? Well there are two ways to do that.

[00:26:25.60] When you press Control-P to print, what you might not have noticed-- and here it
says 1 of 10, 2 of 10. What you might not have noticed is that there's a setting on the left and the
setting right now is just to print active sheet. But you could go down to say print the entire
workbook. And if you say print entire workbook, now look. It says 1 of 15. It says print 1 of 15.
And now it's doing the whole book.
[00:26:48.80] And I can see here, a I go down, it's 2 or 15, 3 of 15, 4 of 15. This is nice. I use
this a lot. This is a nice way to print the entire book. However, you're probably thinking this.
What if you have some extra sheets? If you do that, it will print the entire workbook. It will print
the entire file.

[00:27:09.40] And what if you have some extra sheets? What if you have some note sheets?
What if you have some charts or graphs? What if you have a bunch of extra tabs and you don't
want to print those? How do you print just the 3 or 4 or 5 sheets? Well that is also pretty
straightforward but not very well known.

[00:27:27.74] All you have to do is literally select the first one. Do you notice when I click on a
sheet, it's white? This tab cover is white, the rest of them are sort of a gray. They're a little bit
gray. All you do is click the first one and then hold down the Control button on your keyboard.

[00:27:41.69] If I press Control and then click Summary, now that one is white and it's active.
And then if I click Assumptions, now that one's white, and I'll click Scenarios, and I click Model.
Now all of them are active. All of these sheets are active. If I click on-- if I go back and forth and
click now, it's deactivated them.

[00:28:02.37] The other thing you could do is click on the cover. So if you hit the Control button,
you can click on one at the time. If you press the Shift key on your keyboard, I can go right to the
Model sheet and click Model and it will select all of them in between.

[00:28:16.19] And now of course, when I press Control-P, even if I was to say active sheets, I've
selected all the active sheets. And so we will print the entire model.

[00:28:27.98] The really nice thing about this methodology is-- take a look. What if your boss
said-- what if my boss said, Ian, can you just print the cover and the Scenarios and then the
Model? Don't bother. I don't know why. But let's say your boss just wanted you to print a few
different sheets.

[00:28:44.51] I could click Cover, and then hit Control key, and click Scenarios and then click
Model. And now if I press Control-P, I've got my cover. It's only 12 pages. You see it's only 12.

[00:28:55.25] And when I go down, I'm right on the Scenario page. And then when I go down
again, I'm right on-- well you now know that the Income Statement is next-- Income Statement
and then the Revenue Schedule. So it gives me a lot of real flexibility into how I print it and how
I control the way it looks and is presented.

[00:29:11.09] I will leave you one little tiny tip. This is selecting sheets. I almost don't like
telling people. I really sometimes-- I get nervous telling people that you can do this. I don't like--
I mean you have to, but I don't like telling people that you can select and make active multiple
sheets.

[00:29:28.28] And I'm going to warn you, I'm going to give you a huge danger message. It's
dangerous to do this. And that's because if you ever select all the sheets or multiple sheets to
print, you must remember to unselect them before you keep working. You have to remember to
unselect them. Because now all my sheets are active.

[00:29:51.38] And I've seen this happen so many times and it's painful to watch when someone
makes this mistake. All 5 sheets are white. They're all active. If someone prints their model and
then forgets. And then they go to-- well let's pretend. Let me make a bunch of them. I'll go back
and click Control. Let's pretend a whole bunch of them are now active and white. All of these
sheets are active.

[00:30:11.13] So if I was to go on one of my sheets-- and I started working, if I started building

[00:30:27.62] And so if I do some work on the Model sheet in cell T3, and then I go to the
Scenario page you'll notice that it will also be here. It will also be on-- here it is. This row is
small, but you can't see it. But it's also on the Scenario sheet and it's also on the Model sheet,
which is small.

[00:30:49.40] But it's everywhere. It will be everywhere. It just so happens that row 3 is a small
one. But if I go off to the cover sheet here-- I didn't have that one selected. But on every sheet of
the model, you get the idea. Make this a bit larger just to show you. On every sheet of the model
now, I've got the word Ian.

[00:31:08.84] And so if you have selected numerous sheets, if you have clicked Control and
selected numerous sheets, and you start working and building formulas, you will override
everything. It will destroy your file. So you must start clicking the sheets until only one of them
is active again and then start working on it.

[00:31:28.13] Please, please, please remember, if you are ever going to select more than one
sheet to print, you have to unselect them before you keep working. Otherwise, you will override
all your work and it is very painful when that happens.

[00:31:44.00] Last thing to show you then here is-- I talked about printing multiple sheets-- how
you PDF. So very, very quickly, if you actually now want to print, I showed you how you could
print. There's a couple of ways to turn your model into a PDF.

[00:31:56.91] Let's do the whole thing. Let's do the whole thing one more time. I will say print
the entire workbook. There's a couple of ways that you can print it as a PDF. You can either go
print, Control-P. You can say Control-P and print.

[00:32:10.65] And then, instead of using whatever printer is active, you should have, in your
printer settings, an option that says print to PDF. This one says print to PDF. There should
always be a way to add a free PDF printer and that will print your model directly to a PDF file.
That's one way to turn your model into a PDF.
[00:32:31.80] The other way is to do a Save As. You can come anywhere in the file and just go
Save As, and you can say File, you can go to your File menu, and go here Alt and then F, which
is File, and then Save As is A. And then when you go to File, Save As, and I'm just going to
click Browse to a location here.

[00:32:53.85] When you say file type, there should be an option. There's lots and lots of options,
but you should have a PDF option in here, as well and that will allow you to nicely, nicely save it
as a PDF file. And that's what you need to do.

[00:33:06.78] And when you can do that, it's really-- and I wanted to spend a few minutes
showing that to you because I find it's a real shame when people spend so much time building
their models but then they can't print it nicely. And their client loses confidence because it
doesn't look good as a PDF or on paper.

[00:33:21.96] So it's really important to know these tips, mini skills so that your model is built
well, designed well, and then printed well. And then at that point, you've mastered all the
elements you need to build an outstanding model.

[00:33:34.89] That gets me to the end of this lesson. I want to say good luck. And I want to wrap
things up. I'm going to stop my screen share and finish up this lesson and finish up the entire
module.

[00:33:48.39] This has been a long journey. We have spent a lot of time together. You're
probably sick of me by now. But I have really been privileged to be here and I hope you've
enjoyed it. Well hopefully you're not sick of it or sick of me.

[00:34:01.86] But I do hope that-- I know we spend a lot of time and I hope that you've enjoyed
the time. And I hope that you've learned some new tips and some new skills. And I hope you feel
a lot more comfortable and confident in your modeling. And I hope, more importantly, you have
a better sense for what modeling is.

[00:34:16.98] We're trying to build so much more than just a calculator. It's not just a giant
calculator. We're trying to build a best-in-class, user-friendly, beautiful, well-designed
communication tool, a presentation tool, so you really need to understand and think a lot about
the planning, the design, the technical skills, the layout, the design architecture, and the
mechanics around building schedules, linking. And we've gone through a lot of material together
over all of these units and all of these lessons.

[00:34:49.65] That gets me to the end of the lesson and the end of everything I wanted to do with
you. So for the final time, I'm Ian Schnoor. I want to thank you for your patience and coming
through this with me.

[00:34:59.02] Good luck with all of your work, with all of your modeling, and I hope to see you
again. Bye for now.

[00:35:06.30] [MUSIC PLAYING]