Logic Design
Solution of Assignment #4 – Boolean Expressions
2.1 Convert the following expressions to normal form:
(a) 𝐹 (𝐴, 𝐵 ) = 𝐵 = (𝐴 + 𝐴) 𝐵
(b) 𝐹 (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 ) = 𝐴 𝐵 + 𝐵 𝐶 = 𝐴 𝐵 (𝐶 + 𝐶) + (𝐴 + 𝐴) 𝐵 𝐶
(c) 𝐹 (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 ) = 𝐴 + 𝐵 𝐶 = 𝐴(𝐵 + 𝐵)(𝐶 + 𝐶) + (𝐴 + 𝐴) 𝐵 𝐶
(d) 𝐹 (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 ) = 𝐴 + 𝐶 = 𝐴(𝐵 + 𝐵)(𝐶 + 𝐶) + (𝐴 + 𝐴)(𝐵 + 𝐵) 𝐶
(e) 𝐹 (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 ) = 𝐴𝐵𝐶 + 𝐴 + 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐵𝐶 + 𝐴(𝐵 + 𝐵)(𝐶 + 𝐶) + (𝐴 + 𝐴)𝐵 𝐶
(f) 𝐹 (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 ) = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴 𝐵 (𝐶 + 𝐶) + (𝐴 + 𝐴) 𝐵 𝐶
(g) 𝐹 (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 ) = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐴𝐵(𝐶 + 𝐶)(𝐷 + 𝐷) + 𝐴(𝐵 + 𝐵)𝐶(𝐷 + 𝐷)
(h) 𝐹 (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 ) = 𝐵 𝐷 + 𝐴 𝐶 = (𝐴 + 𝐴)𝐵 (𝐶 + 𝐶)𝐷 + 𝐴 (𝐵 + 𝐵)𝐶(𝐷 + 𝐷)
2.2 Expand the following expression into normal form and express as a sum-of-products (SOP).
2.2) 𝐹 = 𝑋 𝑌 𝑍 + 𝑋𝑌𝑍 + 𝑌 𝑍 = 𝑋 𝑌 𝑍 + 𝑋𝑌𝑍 + (𝑋 + 𝑋)𝑌 𝑍
= 𝑋 𝑌 𝑍 + 𝑋𝑌𝑍 + 𝑋 𝑌 𝑍 + 𝑋 𝑌 𝑍
𝐹 = Σm (0 , 2 , 6 , 7)
2.3 Represent the expression in Question 2.2 in product-of-sums form (POS).
2.3) POS: 𝐹 = 𝜋𝑚 (1 , 3 , 4 , 5)
𝐹 = 𝑋𝑌 𝑍 . 𝑋 𝑌 𝑍 . 𝑋 𝑌𝑍 . 𝑋 𝑌 𝑍
𝐹 = (𝑋 + 𝑌 + 𝑍) . (𝑋 + 𝑌 + 𝑍) . (𝑋 + 𝑌 + 𝑍) . (𝑋 + 𝑌 + 𝑍)
2.4 Implement the expression in Question 2.2 using AND and OR gates.
2.4)
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2.5 Implement the resulting POS equation from Question 2.3 using AND and OR
gates.
2.5)
2.6) Express the following equation in SOP form:
𝐹 (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 ) = (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 ) . (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶) . (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶)
2.6) = 𝜋𝑀 (0,2,5) = Σ𝑚 (1,3,4,6,7)
= 𝐴𝐵𝐶+ 𝐴𝐵𝐶+𝐴𝐵𝐶+ 𝐴𝐵𝐶+ 𝐴𝐵𝐶
2.7) Express the following in minterm shorthand form:
𝐹(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷) = 𝐴𝐵𝐷 + 𝐴 𝐵𝐶 + 𝐴𝐵 𝐷 + 𝐵 𝐶𝐷
= 𝐴𝐵(𝐶 + 𝐶) 𝐷 + 𝐴 𝐵𝐶 (𝐷 + 𝐷) + 𝐴𝐵(𝐶 + 𝐶)𝐷 + (𝐴 + 𝐴)𝐵 𝐶𝐷
=𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷+𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 + 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷+𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 +𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷+𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝐷 +𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷+𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷
=𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷+𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 + 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷+𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 +𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷+𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝐷 +𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷
= Σ𝑚 (3 , 6 ,7 ,9 ,11 ,13 ,15)
2.8) Express the following in Maxterm shorthand form:
𝐹 (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷) = (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐷). (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶). (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐷). (𝐵 + 𝐶 + 𝐷)
(𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐷) ⇒ (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐷 + 𝐶) , (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐷 + 𝐶) ⇒ 𝑀15 , 𝑀13
(𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶) ⇒ (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 + 𝐷) , (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 + 𝐷) ⇒ 𝑀2 , 𝑀3
(𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐷) ⇒ (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 + 𝐷) , (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 + 𝐷) ⇒ 𝑀8 , 𝑀10
(𝐵 + 𝐶 + 𝐷) ⇒ (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 + 𝐷) , (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 + 𝐷) ⇒ 𝑀3 , 𝑀11
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∴ 𝐹 (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷) = 𝜋𝑀 (2 , 3 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 13 , 15)
2.9) Produce for the following truth table:
A B C F
0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 1
a) SOP: 𝐹 (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 ) = 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 + 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 + 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 + 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
b) Minterm shorthand equation: 𝐹 = Σ𝑚 (1 , 2 , 4 , 7)
c) Logic diagram for SOP implementation.
2.10) Repeat Question 2.9 producing a POS implementation to include:
a) POS: 𝐹(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 ) = (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 ) . (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶) . (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶) . (𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶)
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b) Maxterm shorthand equation: 𝐹 = 𝜋𝑀 (0 , 3 , 5 , 6)
c) Logic diagram for POS implementation.
2.11)
a) Implement three-input OR gate using two-input OR gate.
b) Implement four-input OR gate using two-input OR gate.
2.12)
a) Implement three-input AND gate using two-input AND gate.
b) Implement four-input AND gate using two-input AND gate.
2.13) Convert the following to the other normal form:
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a) 𝐹 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = Σ𝑚 (1 , 3 , 7) ⇒ 𝐹 = 𝜋𝑀 (0, 2, 4, 5, 6)
b) 𝐹 (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 ) = Σ𝑚 (0,2,6,11,13,14) ⇒ 𝐹 = 𝜋𝑀 (1,3,4,5,7,8,9,10,12,15)
c) 𝐹 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝜋𝑚 (0 , 3 , 6, 7) = Σ𝑚 (1 , 2 , 4 , 5 )
d) 𝐹 (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷) = 𝜋𝑚 (0 , 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 12) = Σ𝑚 ( 5 , 7 , 8 , 9, 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 15)
2.16) Express the following functions in SOP and POS forms:
a) 𝐹 (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 ) = 𝐷 (𝐴 + 𝐵) + 𝐵 𝐷 = 𝐴 𝐷 + 𝐵𝐷 + 𝐵 𝐷 = 𝐴 𝐷 + 𝐷 = 𝐷
∴ 𝑆𝑂𝑃: 𝐹 = 𝐷 = Σ𝑚 (1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15)
∴ 𝑃𝑂𝑆: 𝐹 = 𝜋𝑀 (0,2,4,6,8,10,12,14) = 𝐷 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑀 = 𝑚
b) 𝐹 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑦 𝑧 + 𝑤 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑤 𝑥 𝑧 + 𝑤 𝑥 𝑧
𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒, 𝑤 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝐹 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧).
c) 𝐹 (𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 ) = (𝐴 + 𝐵) (𝐵 + 𝐶) 𝑃𝑂𝑆: 𝐹 = 𝜋𝑀 (4,5,8,9,10,11,12,13)
∴ 𝑆𝑂𝑃: 𝐹 = Σ𝑚 (0,1,2,3,6,7,14,15) = 𝐴 𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶
d) 𝐹 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑧) (𝑦 + 𝑥 𝑧) = 𝑥𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦𝑥𝑧 + 𝑧𝑦 + 𝑧𝑥𝑧
= 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑥𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑥𝑧 𝑆𝑂𝑃
∴ 𝑆𝑂𝑃: 𝐹 = Σ𝑚 (3,5,6,7)
∴ 𝑃𝑂𝑆: 𝐹 = 𝜋𝑀 (0,1,2,4) = (𝑦 + 𝑧)(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑧)
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