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Physics Class X

This document summarizes the principles of light reflection and refraction for Class 10 Physics. It covers laws of reflection, types of reflection, properties of mirrors, mirror and lens formulas, and the concept of refractive index. Additionally, it explains the power of lenses and their image formation characteristics.

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9 views2 pages

Physics Class X

This document summarizes the principles of light reflection and refraction for Class 10 Physics. It covers laws of reflection, types of reflection, properties of mirrors, mirror and lens formulas, and the concept of refractive index. Additionally, it explains the power of lenses and their image formation characteristics.

Uploaded by

siuusewy161
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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📄 Title: Light – Reflection and Refraction (Class 10 Physics Summary)

1. Reflection of Light

When light bounces off a smooth surface like a mirror.

Laws of Reflection:

●​ The incident ray, reflected ray, and normal lie on the same plane.
●​ Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection (i = r)

2. Types of Reflection

●​ Regular Reflection: On smooth surfaces (clear image formed)


●​ Diffuse Reflection: On rough surfaces (no clear image)

3. Mirrors and Images

●​ Plane Mirror:
○​ Image is virtual, erect, same size
○​ Laterally inverted
●​ Spherical Mirrors:
○​ Concave: Can form real and virtual images
○​ Convex: Always forms virtual, erect, diminished images

4. Mirror Formula

\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u}

●​ f = focal length
●​ v = image distance
●​ u = object distance

5. Refraction of Light

Bending of light when it passes from one medium to another.


Laws of Refraction:

●​ Incident ray, refracted ray, and normal lie on the same plane
●​ (Snell’s Law)

6. Refractive Index

n = \frac{\text{Speed of light in vacuum}}{\text{Speed of light in medium}}

7. Lenses

●​ Convex Lens (Converging): Can form real or virtual images


●​ Concave Lens (Diverging): Always forms virtual, erect, diminished images

Lens Formula:

\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u}

8. Power of a Lens

P = \frac{100}{f (\text{in cm})}

Prepared by: A student of Class 10 for exam revision​


Date: 20/07/25

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