WRITING TASK 1 – PROCESS
1/ Cách chia thì: đa số dùng thì hiện tại
2/ Có 2 dạng chính: Natural process (dùng câu ở dạng chủ động) và Manufacturing process (dùng câu ở dạng bị động)
3/ Bố cục thường thấy: Mở bài – Overview – Body 1 (đầu quy trình đến giữa) – Body 2 (giữa quy trình đến cuối)
4/ Lưu ý khi làm bài:
+ Phải đề cập đủ quy trình nào có thay đổi quan trọng, mang tính bước ngoặt
+ Ít quy trình thì làm hết cho đủ chữ, quá nhiều quy trình thì gộp bước lại
+ Không thể hiện quan điểm cá nhân
5/ Ngôn ngữ thường dùng trong bài:
The chart/diagram shows/describes/illustrates/demonstrates
+ How S V O
+ The production of...
Mở bài
+ The process of making/ producing...
+ How......is produced/ made
+ How to produce/make....
+ Overall, there are.....main steps (in the process of making...) beginning with.... and ending with....
Overview + In general, the process involves.....main steps beginning with...and finishing with.....
+ Overall, the whole process is a cycle which can be divided into ....... main stages starting with...
To begin with,
First of all,
Body – bắt đầu In the first step,
quy trình The first step/stage in the process is
The process starts by + V-ing
At the first stage of ....
At the following stage
Following that
The second stage is that…
In the next/ subsequent step,
…… followed by…..
Body – các bước After that,
tiếp theo After + V-ing (chủ động) hoặc Being V3 (bị động)
Subsequently,
The process continues with...
The next step is
Then
Once + S V O
While
At the same time
Body – các step
Simultaneously,
diễn ra cùng lúc
During
Thereby + V-ing
Finally,
The last/ final process / step is that…
Body – Kết thúc
The process finishes with ...
quy trình
The process concludes with ...
At this point, a cycle has been completed and a new cycle will begin (nếu là 1 vòng lặp)
The diagram illustrates the process by which waste paper is recycled.
In general, it can be seen that the process involves six main stages, starting from the collection of waste paper from various
sources and ending with the reproduction of usable paper.
The process of recycling used paper starts by collecting waste paper either from public paper banks or from companies. This
collected paper is then categorized by hand according to its grade and during this process, unsuitable paper is removed. At
the following stage, sorted paper is delivered to a paper mill.
After being transported to the mill, the paper is then cleaned and turned into a pulp mixture. Foreign matters such as
staples are taken out during this cleaning process. This is followed by another cleaning stage where ink and glue are
removed from the mixture. Finally, the pulp is treated in a machine and it comes to the final product where usable paper is
made.
The diagram describes how salmon grow from eggs to mature individuals.
Overall, there are three main stages in the life cycle of salmon starting with salmon eggs in the upper river and the
complete cycle lasts for about 10 years.
Firstly, salmon begins life as eggs in the slow-moving upper reaches of a river, surrounded by reeds and pebbles. This shelter
usually keeps the eggs safe for about five to six months before they hatch. The newborn fish normally called “fry” are very
small, which are only three to eight centimeters long. The fry then follows the fast flow to the lower river and stay there for
4 years until they reach the length of twelve to fifteen centimeters. These grown fish are known as “smolt”.
At the next stage of the life cycle, the ‘smolt’ migrate to the open sea. After approximately 5 years living in the ocean, these
‘smolt’ will reach adult size, which is about 70-76 centimeters. Their reproductive stage then begins as the mature salmon
swims back to their birthplace and lays eggs. The salmon’s life cycle starts again at the same place where it begins.
