PRESIDENT’S OFFICE

REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

DAR ES SALAAM CITY SECONDARY SCHOOLS EXAMINATION ASSESSMENT
FORM FOUR PRE – MOCK EXAMINATIONS MAY 2025
013 GEOGRAPHY MARKING GUIDE
1. Multiple choices (10 marks)
i Ii iii iv V vi Vii viii ix X
C D C A E A B B C E

2. Matching items (6 marks)

I Ii Iii iv v Vi
C H A D I E

3. Answers should refer to the map extract of Mafinga.

a) Four procedures of determining actual distance from the map.
i. Identify the route to be measured on the map, for example from grid
reference 530819 to 567874. (0.5 mark)
ii. Lay a paper on the route to obtain sections which are more or less straight.
(0.5 mark)
iii. Remove the paper and measure the length by using a ruler to obtain map
distance. For example from the map, the map distance is 13.5cm.(0.5 mark)
iv. Use the map scale (1:50000) to convert the map distance (13.5cm) into actual
ground distance (in kilometers). (0.5 mark)
That is; 1km = 100000cm
? = 50000cm
=0.5km
Therefore; 1cm = 0.5km
13.5cm = ?
= 6.75km
Hence the actual distance from grid reference 530819 to 567874 is 6.75km
(2 marks)
b) The dominant method used to show general appearance (relief) is contour method
as it is widely seen on the map. This shows the highland relief because the
contour heights (numbers) are high for example 1820m, 1840m etc. (1 mark)
c) The land uses of the mapped area include the following;
i. Agriculture. The land is used for agriculture due to presence of scattered
cultivations in western and southern parts of the map. (1 mark)
ii. Settlements. It is also used for settlements because there are settlements on
the map for example around Ruganga, Mafinga and Sangarawe. (1 mark)
iii. The land is used for transportation. This is due to presence of underground
pipeline for oil transportation (TAZAMA) and road transport for example the
road from Iringa to Mbeya. (1 mark)
(d) The location of longitude and latitude of the mapped area is Longitude 35°, 15°E and
35° 20°E Latitude 8°,20° S and 8°, 15° S

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 4. Solution
a) Percentage table
2010 2011 2012
RUVU 34.5 41.2 35.9
RUAHA 17.2 35.3 25.6
KLOMBERO 48.3 25.5 38.5
(1 mark)
Cumulative percentage table
2010 2011 2012
RUVU 34.5 41.2 35.9
RUAHA 51.7 76.5 61.5
KLOMBERO 100 100 100
(1 mark)

00 1 2 Marks

1 1 2 Marks

00 1 2 Marks

Scale
H.S 2cm = 1year 00 1 2 Marks (Total 3 marks)
V.S 1cm/2cm = 10% of water volume

b) Two reasons for the fluctuation of volume of water in rivers.

i. Drought conditions in some for example in 2010 for Ruaha.
ii. Farming activities along river valleys may also cause fluctuation for example
Kilombero in 2011.
iii. High rainfall in some years for example in 2012. This may have caused high
volume of water.
(2 marks)
c) Two advantages of percentage compound bar graph.
i. It represents more than one item.
ii. It facilitates comparison of items.
iii. It gives visual impression.
(2 marks)

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 5.
a) The method used will be observation. This is because it involves the use of
senses (eyes) by looking at the event/phenomena to get the information.(2 marks)
b) Four types of observation include the following
i. Participant (direct) observation. A researcher becomes part of the population
researched by participating directly on a particular event.
ii. Non-participant observation. A researcher observes a particular event without
participating.
iii. Controlled (scientific) observation. This involves pre-planned observation in
which the observer and the object are controlled. It involves the use of
mechanical devices for accuracy. For example cameras, tape recorder, films.
iv. Uncontrolled (general) observation. This takes place in natural setting without
the influence of external control. It is related to day to day happenings and
socio-cultural problems for example when observing a heavy rainfall causing
damage in the society, it happens without planning. (4 marks)
c) Three advantages of observation
i. Data are recorded as they occur.
ii. It avoids language barriers.
iii. It gives firsthand information
iv. It helps to know the ideas of the group. (3 marks)
6.
a) Three Principles of conducting chain survey accurately.
i. The use of few chain lines as possible
ii. Avoiding steep slopes and major obstacles
iii. Maintaining all triangles between 300 and 1200
iv. Selecting one major (base) line for all triangles.
v. Keeping the chain line short.
(3 marks)
b) Three qualities of good booking
i. Writing all linear measurements at the centre of the column from the
bottom upwards.
ii. All features on the sides should be recorded accordingly for example left
and right sides.
iii. The offsets and tie lines should be shown on the side they appear along the
line of traverse. (3 marks)
c) Three types of errors
i. Systematic errors. They are caused by expansion and contraction of steel
band. For example failure of the chain to stretch properly, sag of the chain.
ii. Accidental (random/compensation) errors. They are caused by lack of
perfection of human eye or equipment. For example temperature changes,
light reflection.
iii. Gross (human) errors. They are caused by negligence, carelessness or
incompetence of the survey team. For example misplacement of ranging
poles, misspelling, transposition of figures. (3 marks)

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 7.
a) Three factors for the occurrence of earth quake.
i. Volcanic eruption. Movement of molten material causes crustal rocks to
shake.
ii. Collision of tectonic plates at the boundaries of results into shaking of
crustal rocks.
iii. Faulting and folding. They cause stress and tension on rocks hence
earthquake.
iv. Isostatic adjustment. Movement of materials on the earth when the earth
trying to balance its equal standing can cause earthquake. (3 marks)
b) The scale used to determine the magnitude of earthquake is Richter scale.
(1 mark)
c) Two belts in Tanzania where earthquakes can occur.
i. Areas associated with volcanism for example Arusha, Manyara and
Kilimanjaro.
ii. Areas with rift valleys for example Mbeya, Manyara and Kagera. (2 marks)
d) Three safety ways of minimizing the effects of earthquakes.
i. Identifying hazards/ the possibility of earthquake occurrence.
ii. Building with light materials in areas prone to earthquake.
iii. Providing education on earthquake safety.
iv. Avoiding congestion of settlements in places that are to earthquake. (3 marks)
8.
a) The type of climate is tropical grassland (savanna) due to presence of a wide
grassland area with scattered trees. (2 marks)
b) Three characteristics of tropical grassland climate.
i. There are tall grasses. Large parts are dominated by grasslands.
ii. Presence of scattered trees (woodland).
iii. Moderate annual rainfall about 500mm to 1500mm. (3 marks)
c) Three factors for loss of biodiversity on the area.
i. Drought. This may be due to shortage of rainfall for long time.
ii. Poaching. Illegal killing of wild animals can cause disappearance of
animal species.
iii. Bushfire. This may kill the animals and tree species of a place. (3 marks)
d) One place in Tanzania where the photograph might have been taken include one
of the national parks example, Mikumi, Serengeti, Tarangire, Ruaha etc. (1 mark)
9. Importance of mining activities in Tanzania (15 marks)
i. Enables development of industries. This is because it facilitates supply of raw
materials.
ii. Contributes to earning of foreign currency. This through minerals sold to foreign
countries.
iii. Mines provide employment opportunities to the people.
iv. Stimulates development of transport and communication.
v. Encourages development of other sectors for example industrial sector.
vi. Diversification of economy. The country develops different sources of income.
vii. Growth of towns for example Geita, Mwadui, Mererani.
 Introduction = 2 marks
 Main body 6 points @2 marks = 12
 Conclusion = 1 mark.

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 10. Farming practices which help to manage and conserve soil. (15 marks)
i. Agroforestry
ii. Crop rotation
iii. Intercropping
iv. Planting cover crops
v. Contour farming
vi. Terracing
vii. Mulching
viii. Destocking.
Introduction = 2 marks
Main body 6 points @2 marks = 12
Conclusion = 1 mark.

11. Pull factors for migration. (15 marks)

i. Good climatic conditions
ii. Fertile soils
iii. Presence of natural resources like minerals.
iv. Absence of natural hazards example flood, volcano, earthquake etc.
v. Availability of employment opportunities.
vi. Availability of social services for example schools, hospitals, water etc.
vii. Presence of political stability.
 Introduction = 2 marks
 Main body 6 points @2 marks = 12
 Conclusion = 1 mark.

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