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Conjunctions Notes UPSC CDS

The document provides an overview of conjunctions, defining them as words that join clauses, sentences, or words. It categorizes conjunctions into coordinating, subordinating, and correlative types, with examples and important pairs to memorize. Additionally, it highlights the use of conjunctions in grammar and writing, emphasizing their role in sentence structure and logical flow.

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17 views2 pages

Conjunctions Notes UPSC CDS

The document provides an overview of conjunctions, defining them as words that join clauses, sentences, or words. It categorizes conjunctions into coordinating, subordinating, and correlative types, with examples and important pairs to memorize. Additionally, it highlights the use of conjunctions in grammar and writing, emphasizing their role in sentence structure and logical flow.

Uploaded by

bittukumar444395
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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✳■ Conjunctions – UPSC/CDS Ready Notes

■ Definition: Conjunctions join two clauses, sentences, or words to maintain flow and logic.

■ Types of Conjunctions:
• Coordinating: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet
• Subordinating: because, although, if, when, while, since, though, etc.
• Correlative (Paired): either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also, both...and, so...that, etc.

■ Correlative Conjunctions – Must-Memorize Pairs:


• Either – or: Either you leave or I will call the police.
• Neither – nor: Neither Ramesh nor Suresh was present.
• Not only – but also: Not only Rahul but also Tina is invited.
• Both – and: Both India and China are developing nations.
• So – that: He is so tired that he can’t walk.
• Such – that: She is such a fool that everyone mocks her.
• No sooner – than: No sooner had he left than it started raining.
• Hardly/Scarcely – when: Scarcely had I slept when the bell rang.
• Rather – than: I would rather walk than take a cab.

■ Important Subordinating Conjunctions:


• Although / Though: Although he is rich, he is miserly.
• Even though: Even though he tried, he failed.
• Because / Since / As: He left because he was tired.
• If / Unless: You can’t pass unless you study.
• Before / After / Until / When / While: Use for time-based conditions.
• That: He said that he would come.
• Lest – should: Work hard lest you should fail.

■ Contrast Conjunctions:
• Despite / In spite of + noun/gerund: Despite being honest, he was blamed.
• Nevertheless / Nonetheless: He worked hard; nevertheless, he failed.
• But / However / Yet: He is rich but miserly.
• Notwithstanding: He is rich, notwithstanding, he is not happy.

■ Comparison Conjunctions:
• As – as (positive comparison): He is as brave as a lion.
• So – as (negative comparison): He is not so tall as his brother.
• Than (comparative): No other city is bigger than Delhi.

✴■ Smart Trick Notes:


• No sooner / Hardly / Scarcely: Use Past Perfect + Inversion + Than/When.
• Lest – should: Used to express a negative purpose.
• So – that / Such – that: Shows result or intensity.
• Not only – but also: Verb agrees with second subject.
• Despite / In spite of: Always followed by noun/gerund.
• Rather – than: Use for preferences.
• Nevertheless / However / Notwithstanding: Used to show contrast.

■ Where Conjunctions Are Used:


• Join clauses, phrases, or words.
• Show time, reason, condition, contrast, comparison, or purpose.
• Used heavily in grammar MCQs, comprehension, and sentence improvement questions.
• Helpful in writing structured essays with logical flow.

■ Note: Conjunctions decide sentence structure, tone, and logic — mastering them boosts both objective
grammar and descriptive writing marks.

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