Topic: Introduction to Quantum Physics
1. Meaning of Quantum Physics
Quantum Physics is the branch of science that
studies the smallest particles in the universe —
atoms, subatomic particles, photons, and more. It
explains how matter and energy behave at
microscopic scales, where classical physics fails to
give accurate results.
2. Historical Background
1900 – Max Planck introduced the concept of
quantization of energy to explain black-body
radiation.
1905 – Albert Einstein explained the
photoelectric effect using quantum ideas.
1920s – Development of Quantum Mechanics by
Schrödinger, Heisenberg, Dirac, and others.
3. Key Principles of Quantum Physics
1. Wave-Particle Duality
Particles like electrons and photons behave both
like particles and waves.
Example: The famous Double-Slit Experiment.
2. Quantization of Energy
Energy is not continuous but comes in small
packets called quanta.
3. Superposition Principle
A particle can exist in multiple states at the
same time until observed.
4. Uncertainty Principle (Heisenberg)
You cannot measure both position and
momentum of a particle with 100% accuracy.
4. Applications of Quantum Physics
Electronics – Transistors, semiconductors,
integrated circuits.
Medical Imaging – MRI machines.
Lasers – Used in communication and surgery.
Quantum Computing – Future high-speed
problem solving.
5. Interesting Facts
Quantum entanglement connects particles
instantly, even if they are light-years apart.
The quantum world follows probability, not
certainty.
Conclusion:
Quantum Physics revolutionized our understanding
of the universe by showing that the microscopic
world behaves in strange yet predictable ways,
laying the foundation for modern technology.
