cy)
(-funcT2onAL ANALYSIS)
co ON ny
Autos: Define rammed Linear. Space and show Phot every Novae!
Area Space & mehic Shace. .
Solution i bea Ginean apace oven field F amd MW m:%>—9R
Such thet ik Aatisticel following Cond",
Ket X% Y EV
A) Tie > oO ef xF0 (Non Ney.)
9% JIxXl =o “X=0
8). NAGS ect) + NYl) Cardam. Prop)
4) Wer = fel lel weer.
mety'c Space defined tn Nore :¢) C29) = lvl |
HT show —that? Evy nev Linean Abace Os muhic pace. °
metic detined ay 4 (uy) = Hx-¥1|
44) dima) = Ia-yl] > 0
3) diay) 20 —®
2
4.2). 4Ouy)= [x-gl] = 0
2) UTYILE OS NY 0
elegy
P) diny)= om K=Y —@
4-3). doug) = [eg 1] ‘
= 1enC#1) Cuante 1)
= py y-ane d (do
ding): 44x) —— > ®
o 1d4) diag) = eg m
c ray Uz ae th
Ce BT ot “hy ,
doy < dvr) sd (aa).
Fam em OO, O 4@O
dH = Ie-yy} wa mehic Space.
cul
Queea: Define @ Normal operator amd Show hak am operator
Ton a Hitbet space H 1g Norma ef and only CF [i rext= [rit
wen,
[slution: @. NORMAL OPERATOR: det Tbe amy Linear cherator om
Jom Tmnen predict Space CV). “Them Tis Saicl to be Nevinal
lOeactor i a & Commute oofth dts Adgeint
pe [ems et]
Proofs & TR a Novena, Lhem [Ta = [Te|
fet TI6 Normal
xmeH
(tx? = Lox, 728 = KINI 1S
(txt = £7474, 525
fe Te =TxT
FS <1Ta 35 = TAI
WT = We 2 prey = Np
JT! |T#xy
Rep [Tex] = [Tx] At eH then “7 8 Normal?
Tel = TK) fraps prey
1,69:
co
Shee
hey
Thus te vector a {Oy € L> feries tt Gnv Sn A?_
+ State and fro Hahn -Bamach thecvem .
om x be a Peal vector spoce amd pq sublinean. fumetiom
leshich cLefined om a Subspace 2 em X and satisfies
fx) 2 per) Wxez —-?O
thom Ff hay Rinear extonsion -f from Z te X Satisfying
Fen) Spa) Wx eX 9
ig Ft a Linear functional on x etisiiey @ 97 %-
Fis) = FOI KOR .
« “mel
hot GULOS? tet M bea closeal subspace of Newmed Liraan Abace
LX Prove “that progection Wi X-—> x [M1 clefinedl by Wla}e
f& a Cmtinuows mabping
elution: XM Oe he quotient Bpace
set of equivalemee classes K= X-1M — wWhome Tey HF Ye m
Nev 15 quetiont gfsace (3 defined by
NEY] = inf ttm]
mem
Now Consicle, Eke fpr: map.
TT! X—s X]m, ways &
eve have NCP = NY =
én [xtwll 2° jyxtel) = III}
men
so,
NICO = Wx Wwe EX,
t-thib Cnd® Tl i& Bounced
HE means Tr ik Continue © eK.
Ney \) 2 xdyo parcon < clay te c=]
hence tr: x5 x]m Continucwy Ginear map _
PUL OS: At X be a Normed space over k, SEX' amd F460
At aex with fG@)=4 and 4>0 then (air) 2) = 6
thand only cf tty et.
Ati
pe tion: dt X be a Navmed Apace ora kK
fexl
|= subbese U(0,3)N 2(#)= @
thet means -Y—- % © S.tthet
[ta] < Shere tx) # o-
sup. fF) >
& det as define Y= A Fey
shat 4
tha gta) ~ £2) 2 pepe Odg€ 2CF)
we yf Me aL.
4, EX how [1y-a)) = Iyyll U4e)] <= 7
nye Sy Ye Ulan) A 2(F), which 7% Cndradiction.
we +
Ody fe suppose [f1<
on aft (xa) = 1 < IFN Noma] e Le =
x
. t
vite 2.
Lt
r
Mak 9c € U(4t) Ce |x-a} cv.
T? Show that f(x) 4 0.
Assume -fis)= 0 fe xe 2(F)
jttem f(x-a) = - -f(a) = -/
Ceentvadictien)
hence 2420) £93 WaxnzG) =e
Ular) necs)= 6 By ES.
FOE OF! det X be am TASpace and ay Y EX Phove “that x th erthe
gene toy PF Ne xr iI- |) ex Ig -¥ per.
r jl" dot x be t+ P Space 4 HIEX.
© Dflet ty pe KMIS=O = LHXS
2 [P Prevent: yp eary 2» MES + ty)
Che Kee H
| !
IEXATI[? = < kx+Y, Loch yp
= SESALE AST LI aS $y ys
/ [Nk
(EPL AS + heyy te (%
4.2 IEP UX 46 HO +f rgNe
FTI = esp a py
ded + Lay
© QY im RS Tce Ppt aps Ped Hy WV PETE
BW Row tnat s orf etd J
Weexpyu® = next nye
= 0 Ol ]-¢.
al incase o-f reat KER A £97? Laix>
a} andxyss o = ]eJr= oO] Pet”
fous 08: Prove-that Hitbert Space (ford) & Complete.
sebation ci) Bi Gemplete :
Lut Xp be amy Cauchy gequence In fo.
a = (OP at, — —&) @ Pa
ISince peq: 18 Cauchy -¥ each €20.3 Nes that RiM>V
P)_ tim |p 2
WAP |] = ( Spag-nm|ryr ae
A
o
Jor If = Zllag— If <
iF
ht t= CM Ly %, — — —)
ff E> 0 amd = b)m2N-
'm)| 2
ype 211 = Ss [ft - af | ce
iy
fix R2N
& ; n Bl
yf nF te] 7° wre
for (nl? >? [1 |
be
a oS,
22 bin Int 3 1% pay each x?) €
[nel < Ais gl |
fun cet?
Hp fe 2 Gompiete —®
INNER PRODUCT SPACE?
ulxe = 5) In Yn
wy
ny) Kax4bJ,2) = aLu2> + bLd27
ah ayy = <9
D
3 a
[s: i fanen [product space.
pation ©) 4@ 9
(is,4) is @ Aillbert Space.
> [& an
@ “peeerion BPO :
JGutoq: vet V be atormed Vector space and WI CU. a frelon closed
Subspace .
: ; 2H WoL tsa on v]w
Jo) Prove that \iva WI] itl ’ Nevm env]
Wb) Prove tak -foy amy @>0 4 VEN Such thet vil = st amd V4 alf>y-€
ets ys be a Nowmed Vector Sbace. Ve
WOM es a Proper closeel subspace.
vt wl] = anf |ive wl] fa vev
WELW
foster thal” [|= dng fur] da Norm on Ufw.
wew
ded Norm 16 define It ta] = int | vt wl”
0 positive ident eee
It |J[=oes VE WwW . .
Hh ve ws vagy. Woo [S| © dof vy vol = am "|
Feov JWI@[=o He ero. 3 Wee Wr) |VIWe] ce.
LN 1h Closed
iy Homogeneity :
-for ams Stalar. & , we need.
lava}: rerllwe wll
Jaw |] = inf [Jav4w] | -
WELW
2 tot} Se EY] = aE ot ot
wew Ct wor
F lel et WII
iil) Tram gle Toney :
Wy Wot] S [LBA 4 Vat ww)
NG WN SNA Es M8241 = |) 624 WH]
@
us) y | [Henn oa erTaePay
tking Tamu om WrHws eo YI
1 Setting © —>0
So, pis cle}ine Nove om NI [OU
&
© Yin WV be amy Normed apace V-
el na proper clored subsface » by tha Hahn -Bamach Pheaem
2 Bounded Pinear -fimetional -f € ve.
ko few) = OW wet.
Wy [shad
IS veVv with (ols t guch thet -p(u)=t-
Hor ony weW.
hy ront> [f(viel [fel] 2 She wv vEV
SH stying acquiaed| Concliction
jaue so: fT ch am opencdor on F°P- rite space tt. then bree
Ehok following casement
bo ts pivgelar if 0 is the bhechumn of 1
Mled be a pixide Dmr- Hilbert Space even C
et TC BCH) ;
eveny LO: ib pounded find spectrum behove Pike BEC
5 operator T © OCH) fs Ainguler tt fe Not invertible.
the bpeckrusn of T 8 clomote el by a(t).
ott) = {aec Tat in not inv}
We
rum of tabi.
ley 2-06 o(T)
a Jeot = Th met inv.
Hence —T tw gingelan
(wo W? MH TB von pingular they E61) $4 eocrt)
“Te Ben) ama Tis non -Avigular
atte meams ‘Tt fx trvertible .
sR 4 ee CT) them Taz ib mod inv.
Sit TL tz wR mot inv.
a[ti-ay= -a'tt (1-41)
TH exists Coy -Assum) =) (T4147) im inv
Product of mon: imv: and Inv. operator i mot inv.
home TI ATL Not inv
fn [te or) |
P| dees) amd tect)
iit) Pe A 6 Non Singular -tnon o (ATA) = £(T)
liven TEBCH), AE BCH) and A is invertible
det S= ATAT, g¢ ib Alm. to T
S| Nw kt 1 EC
2 afs-da= ATAT-ALD ACt-4rjat
a\A amd AT ane imuertible
5 |so can te imventible epg Taran inv.
eat) JEaCT)
o{atat) =6(T)
QuUei4t Let M be a Linear Subsbace of Normec] firean. Space N
Fad dat F be 4 -fumctional clefined in Mm them prore-tnes
-f Cam extended -to 4 sfumctional p defined om the vihale
Broce N ouch “thak: yell =T4lh
(re We
o
fa:PA . Vf A109 Bails
gimme N fs a dincan bubspace.
f2M— Re) ta Bounded Lincar -Cumetional.
Ith sub pape [foo
ven TTF
According to Hahn~ Bamach sheer
om be amy Subspace Of Normod #pace. A.
Ket #2 M——R be bownetedl Athearn -fumctioad .
3 fIN——3R
Flm= $ amd jens tteHy
Such am extension F exist with.
Fox) = -fex) ye we mM amd [IF = Isl
Que 2: gate and Prove Holders imequabiita..
i ar or by ane mon -ye Peal No. -Hnem fee to taloleas
frequalis
malty, Sov < [ger (gay
=t, baqe)
» ae Be be
Gaim" an
from equation ©
*[Grye) if @anjme] 2 (Bare ag Pip a 19
tea Koy Summation boty sle ,
|
( Lier Gury ©
fs ui es, s Ewer
oe (eum (eiy
: ‘anh
é 1) ‘
(é hit
Gshich ts Holden's? requ iy
(ue - Aefine Hikbed Space het H be @manzeno Hilbert Space « Pro that
ftHhos & Countable a-trronarmol Qasis Cf H iB pefanable .
Hilbert SPace: #) Hifbeu space A Compete. Fnmea product space. ve Yector
Shace H bre R or C equipped with inner. froduct Ces4> Such that
MEY Cauchy Bey th H Comenges Zn-the norm induced bf Inner fred
Terps Nay
TO Ro .
Beis thet: H hos Gumtable orthonamal Baris EF amd only if 4
& Beparable.
SH has a Coumtavle orthonormal Baris then
det P21 be cq Countable orth. basis oH.
an “EH
an
Le Benen
ey
hem D i& Countable (Since O
isfount: amd Count wnion of Count,
%& Countable. “
land D i&6 Demse In H_ became finite bnean Cmbinatons of
Basis Vectors ane domsein Hidbev Space
rth H had a Gumntable Dense Set =) H ig Acparable. -
(13) Gav: SF His ACparable ;-then El haa q Coun. ortraoray mat Uasig ,
Kot De HU, —- CH be a Countable “dense Subset.
Now wing Gaahw ~ ehnlt orthormmedigection proess
te ste clense fet Do priduce a Countable Orthernermal eb where
near Shan the clemse iin A.
Ret Ty be amy mon Pere Vectors ind
qs
1H)}
, Now ©, 13 umnrt veclor.
pinilon ty all remarry Var-zeno vects ane define .es,- ~ ed.
rs
dx = Am- & Comeayey
=)
Cp = ie
"gril
Afton Pepeecting this Process for each In im D.
The brocess cbroduceel a Countable ortherurmal set
LE, er, C5, - - eh}.
Hemee. On & a lounteble orthonormal Basis -for Hy
nay