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Motion

The document provides detailed definitions and explanations of key physics concepts related to motion, including motion, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, uniform speed, acceleration, uniform acceleration, scalars and vectors, and motion due to gravity. Each concept is accompanied by formulas and examples to enhance understanding. Additionally, there is an offer to create a visual cheat sheet for quick revision of these concepts.

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jawad38289
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
18 views5 pages

Motion

The document provides detailed definitions and explanations of key physics concepts related to motion, including motion, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, uniform speed, acceleration, uniform acceleration, scalars and vectors, and motion due to gravity. Each concept is accompanied by formulas and examples to enhance understanding. Additionally, there is an offer to create a visual cheat sheet for quick revision of these concepts.

Uploaded by

jawad38289
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Got it.

Let’s expand the definitions and explain each concept


carefully, in a student-friendly, easy-to-understand way, while
keeping formulas and examples.

1. Motion
Definition:
Motion is the change in position of an object with respect to a
reference point over time. In other words, if an object moves from
one place to another, we say it is in motion. Motion can be along a
straight line (linear), a curve (curvilinear), or in a circle (circular
motion). Everything that changes its position, like a car, a bird, or a
flowing river, shows motion.

Example:
A person walking from home to school is in motion because their
position changes with respect to the starting point.

2. Distance
Definition:
Distance is the total length of the path traveled by an object, no
matter in which direction it moves. It only tells us “how much
ground an object has covered” and does not care about the starting
or ending point. Distance is always positive and is a scalar quantity
(has magnitude only, no direction).

Formula:

Distance=Speed×Time\text{Distance} = \text{Speed} \times \


text{Time}

Example:
If a person walks 5 m north and then 3 m south, the total distance =
5+3=8 m5 + 3 = 8 \, \text{m}.

3. Displacement
Definition:
Displacement is the shortest straight-line distance between the
initial position and the final position of an object, along with the
direction. Unlike distance, displacement is a vector quantity
because it has both magnitude and direction. Displacement can be
smaller, equal to, or in rare cases opposite to distance.

Formula (1D):

Displacement=Final Position−Initial Position\text{Displacement} = \


text{Final Position} - \text{Initial Position}

Formula (2D):

Displacement=(Δx)2+(Δy)2\text{Displacement} = \sqrt{(\Delta x)^2


+ (\Delta y)^2}

Example:
Walking 5 m east and then 3 m west, displacement = 5−3=2 m east5
- 3 = 2 \, \text{m east}.

4. Speed
Definition:
Speed is the rate at which an object covers distance. It tells us “how
fast something is moving,” but it does not tell us in which direction.
Since speed has magnitude only and no direction, it is a scalar
quantity.

Formula:

Speed=DistanceTime\text{Speed} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\
text{Time}}

Example:
A car travels 120 km in 2 hours → speed = 120/2=60 km/h120 / 2 =
60 \, \text{km/h}.

5. Velocity
Definition:
Velocity is the rate at which an object changes its displacement.
Unlike speed, velocity has both magnitude and direction, so it is a
vector quantity. It tells us not only how fast the object is moving but
also in which direction.

Formula:

Velocity=DisplacementTime\text{Velocity} = \frac{\
text{Displacement}}{\text{Time}}

Example:
A car moves 120 km east in 2 hours → velocity = 60 km/h east60 \, \
text{km/h east}.

6. Uniform Speed / Uniform Velocity


Definition:

 Uniform Speed: When an object moves in such a way that it


covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, its speed is
called uniform speed.
 Uniform Velocity: When an object moves with constant speed
and constant direction, its velocity is uniform.

Example:
A train moving at 80 km/h straight on a track without changing
speed or direction has uniform velocity.

7. Acceleration
Definition:
Acceleration is the rate at which the velocity of an object changes
with time. If the velocity of an object increases, decreases, or
changes direction, the object is accelerating. Acceleration is a
vector quantity because it has magnitude and direction.

Formula:

a=vf−vita = \frac{v_f - v_i}{t}


Where vfv_f = final velocity, viv_i = initial velocity, tt = time taken

Example:
A car’s speed increases from 20 m/s to 40 m/s in 5 seconds →
acceleration = (40−20)/5=4 m/s2(40 - 20) / 5 = 4 \, \text{m/s}^2.

8. Uniform Acceleration
Definition:
Uniform acceleration occurs when the velocity of an object changes
at a constant rate. In other words, the acceleration does not
increase or decrease with time. Uniform acceleration is commonly
seen in free-falling objects and vehicles that accelerate evenly.

Equations of Motion:

1. v=u+atv = u + at
2. s=ut+12at2s = ut + \frac{1}{2} a t^2
3. v2=u2+2asv^2 = u^2 + 2as
Where uu = initial velocity, vv = final velocity, aa =
acceleration, ss = displacement, tt = time

Example:
A ball falls freely from a height under gravity (g=9.8 m/s2g = 9.8 \, \
text{m/s}^2), it accelerates uniformly toward the Earth.

9. Scalars and Vectors


Definition:

 Scalar Quantity: A quantity that has magnitude (size) only.


Examples: distance, speed, mass, time.
 Vector Quantity: A quantity that has both magnitude and
direction. Examples: displacement, velocity, acceleration,
force.

Example:
Speed = 50 km/h (scalar), Velocity = 50 km/h north (vector).
10. Motion Due to Gravity
Definition:
Motion due to gravity is the motion of objects under the influence of
gravitational force alone. On Earth, this acceleration due to gravity
is g=9.8 m/s2g = 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2 downward. Free-fall and
vertical projectile motion are examples of motion due to gravity.

Equations (Same as Uniform Acceleration, replace aa with gg):

1. v=u+gtv = u + gt
2. s=ut+12gt2s = ut + \frac{1}{2} g t^2
3. v2=u2+2gsv^2 = u^2 + 2 g s

Example:
Dropping a stone from 20 m high:

t=2sg=409.8≈2.02 st = \sqrt{\frac{2s}{g}} = \sqrt{\frac{40}


{9.8}} \approx 2.02 \, \text{s}

If you want, I can also make this into a fully visual, one-page
“physics cheat sheet” with all formulas, diagrams, and examples for
ultra-fast revision. It will look like a professional set of notes you
can memorize quickly.

Do you want me to do that next?

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