Objectives (CLO-2)
Introduction to Computers
Introduction to the Operating System:
OS basics: Login procedures, navigation, and understanding desktop
environment.
File and Folder Management: Create, rename, delete, and organize files and
folders.
Network Drive and Shared Resources: Access and manage network drives.
Password Management and Security: Create strong passwords and manage
credentials.
Keyboard Shortcuts
1. Introduction to Computers
A computer is an electronic device that processes data and performs various tasks
according to the instructions provided.
The fundamental parts of a computer include:
Hardware: The physical components, such as the monitor, keyboard,
mouse, and internal parts like CPU, RAM, and hard drive.
Software: Programs and applications that tell the hardware what to do, such
as operating systems (Windows, Linux) and applications (Microsoft Word,
Google Chrome).
The flow of data in a computer system is as follows:
Input Devices: These are used to enter data into the computer. Examples include:
Keyboard: For typing text.
Mouse: For selecting and navigating.
Microphone: For voice input.
Scanner: For digitizing documents and images.
Output Devices: These devices display the results of processed data. Examples
include:
Monitor: Displays images, videos, and text.
Printer: Produces a hard copy of documents.
Speakers: Output sound.
Projector: Enlarges digital content for group viewing.
Types of Computers
Desktop Computers: Traditional computers used at desks, typically for personal
or business use.
Laptops: Portable computers with built-in screens, keyboards, and batteries.
Tablets: Touchscreen devices that are more portable than laptops and do not
require keyboards.
Servers: Powerful computers that manage network resources and store data.
Supercomputers: Extremely powerful machines used for complex tasks like
scientific simulations.
2. Introduction to the Operating System
An Operating System (OS) is the software that manages all the hardware and other
software on a computer. It provides an interface between the user and the computer
hardware.
Types of Operating Systems
Desktop Operating Systems: Examples include Windows, macOS, and
Linux.
Mobile Operating Systems: Used in smartphones and tablets, examples
include Android and iOS.
Server Operating Systems: Manage servers and provide specialized
services, examples include Windows Server and Linux Server.
Embedded Operating Systems: Found in appliances, cars, and other
specialized devices.
Operating System Basics
Login Procedures:
When starting a computer, users may need to log in with a username and password
to access their files and settings.
Navigation:
Desktop Environment: After logging in, you see the desktop, which typically
includes a taskbar (with a Start menu), icons for frequently used programs, and
shortcuts to access important areas like "This PC" or "Documents."
Start Menu: Provides access to installed programs, system settings, and power
options.
3. File and Folder Management
Managing your files and folders is essential for keeping your work organized.
Here’s how you can perform basic file and folder operations:
Creating a Folder: Right-click on the desktop or inside a folder, choose
"New," and then select "Folder."
Renaming a File/Folder: Right-click on the file/folder and select
"Rename."
Copying and Pasting Files: Select the file, right-click and choose "Copy,"
then navigate to the desired location, right-click, and choose "Paste."
Deleting a File/Folder: Right-click on the file/folder and choose "Delete."
Zipping a Folder: Select the folder, right-click, and choose "Send to" >
"Compressed (zipped) folder."
4. Network Drive and Shared Resources
Network Drive
A network drive is a storage space located on another computer or server,
accessible over a network. Users can save and retrieve files from these drives as if
they were stored on their local machine.
Accessing Network Drives:
On Windows, you can access network drives by clicking This PC and then looking
for drives that have been mapped by your organization.
Shared Resources
These are files, folders, or devices (like printers) made available to others on the
network.
Types of Sharing:
File Sharing: Sharing files and folders with other users on the network.
Printer Sharing: Allowing multiple users to access one printer.
Drive Sharing: Sharing entire drives or partitions.
5. Password Management and Security
Password Management
Creating Strong Passwords: A strong password should be at least 8 characters long
and contain a mix of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special
characters. Avoid using personal information like names or birthdays.
Example: T1m#2023@safe
Managing Credentials: It’s important to use unique passwords for different
accounts. You can use password managers (like LastPass or 1Password) to store
and manage your passwords securely.
6. Keyboard Shortcuts and Task Management
Keyboard Shortcuts
Keyboard shortcuts make it easier to navigate and perform actions quickly in the
OS. Here are some commonly used shortcuts:
Windows Key + D: Show the desktop.
Ctrl + C: Copy selected text or files.
Ctrl + V: Paste copied text or files.
Alt + Tab: Switch between open applications.
Ctrl + Alt + Delete: Open the security options screen to access Task
Manager, lock the computer, or sign out.
Funt+Alt+F4: Shows option to shut down or restart.
Lab tasks
Task 1: Create a new folder on the desktop, rename it to "Work Files," and then
create 3 files on desktop named as “File 1,2 and 3” copy these files into this
new folder.
Task 2: Zip the "Work Files" folder you just created and save the zipped folder
on the desktop.
Task 3: Use a keyboard shortcut to switch between two open applications and
then use another shortcut to show the desktop.
